As an intermediate step during energy usage, supercapacitors with superior power density, long‐term cycling stability, and moderate energy density have attracted immense interest as a facile route to ...use energy in a clean, efficient, and versatile manner in smart grid applications, as well as portable devices and other applications. Currently, the major drawback of supercapacitors is the low energy density. Electrode materials are the key components determining the cell performance. Great research efforts are made to develop nanostructured electrode materials with high performance. On the other hand, integrating supercapacitors with other applications have led to the emergence of many new types of multifunctional supercapacitors, which are attractive for a myriad of applications. The current understanding on charge/discharge mechanisms of electric double layer capacitors and pseudo‐capacitors is discussed along with recent development in designing nanostructured electrode materials by structure/morphology engineering, doping, and crystal structure controlling. Achievements in multifunctional supercapacitors like flexible supercapacitors, all‐solid‐state supercapacitors, self‐healing supercapacitors, electrochromic supercapacitors, self‐chargeable supercapacitors, and supercapacitors integrated with sensors are illustrated. Finally, opportunities and challenges in developing high performance and multifunctional supercapacitors are proposed.
The exploration of high‐performance nanostructured supercapacitor materials and multifunctional supercapacitors have attracting immense attention in recent years. The details on the charge–discharge mechanism of supercapacitors, developments on various structure/morphology engineering of materials, and achievements in multifunctional supercapacitors are comprehensively presented. The perspectives on the standardization of measurements and challenges of supercapacitors are also addressed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To assess the efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus on serum lipids using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
Fifteen studies containing 15 trials, with 976 subjects were included. The ...pooled WMD was calculated by random effects model.
Probiotic Lactobacillus consumption significantly reduced TC by 0.26mmol/l (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.12) and LDL-C by 0.23mmol/l (95% CI, -0.36 to -0.10). Subgroup analysis of trials found significantly reduction of TC using L. plantarum and reduction of LDL-C using L. plantarum or L. reuteri. No significant effects were found on TG and HDL-C levels after supplementation with probiotic Lactobacillus. While, subgroup analysis found significantly beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C by consuming synbiotic food, containing L. sporogenes and inulin.
Consuming probiotic Lactobacillus, especially L. reuteri and L. plantarm, could reduce TC and LDL-C significantly. The study also suggested significantly beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C by consuming synbiotic food, containing L. sporogenes and inulin.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Acidification and pollution are two major threats to agricultural ecosystems; however, microbial community responses to co-existed soil acidification and pollution remain less explored. In this ...study, arable soils of broad pH (4.26-8.43) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) gradients (0.18-20.68 mg kg
) were collected from vegetable farmlands. Bacterial community characteristics including abundance, diversity and composition were revealed by quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies significantly correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen contents, suggesting the control of nutrients accessibility on bacterial abundance. The bacterial diversity was strongly related to soil pH, with higher diversity in neutral samples and lower in acidic samples. Soil pH was also identified by an ordination analysis as important factor shaping bacterial community composition. The relative abundances of some dominant phyla varied along the pH gradient, and the enrichment of a few phylotypes suggested their adaptation to low pH condition. In contrast, at the current pollution level, PAH showed marginal effects on soil bacterial community. Overall, these findings suggest pH was the primary determinant of bacterial community in these arable soils, indicative of a more substantial influence of acidification than PAH pollution on bacteria driven ecological processes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets have captured increasing interest in electrocatalytic applications aroused by their high specific surface areas, enriched chemically active sites, tunable ...physiochemical properties, etc. In particular, the electrocatalytic reactivities of materials greatly rely on their surface electronic structures. Generally speaking, the electronic structures of catalysts can be well adjusted via controlling their morphologies, defects, and heterostructures. In this Review, the latest advances in 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets are first reviewed, including the applications in electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and oxygen evolution reaction. Then, the electronic structure–property relationships of 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets are discussed to draw a picture of enhancing the electrocatalysis performances through a series of electronic structure tuning strategies. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and the trends for the future design of 2D metal (hydr)oxide electrocatalysts with prominent catalytic activity are outlined. It is expected that this Review can shed some light on the design of next generation electrocatalysts.
The recent advances in 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets and their electrocatalytic applications are reviewed to understand the electronic structure–property relationships for electrocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, and oxygen evolution reactions. The potential solutions toward the challenges of this research area are also outlined to inspire the design of next generation electrocatalysts.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been emerging as potential large‐scale energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low cost, high safety, and environmental ...friendliness. However, the commonly used cathode materials in ZIBs exhibit poor electrochemical performance, such as significant capacity fading during long‐term cycling and poor performance at high current rates, which significantly hinder the further development of ZIBs. Herein, a new and highly reversible Mn‐based cathode material with porous framework and N‐doping (MnOx@N‐C) is prepared through a metal–organic framework template strategy. Benefiting from the unique porous structure, conductive carbon network, and the synergetic effect of Zn2+ and Mn2+ in electrolyte, the MnOx@N‐C shows excellent cycling stability, good rate performance, and high reversibility for aqueous ZIBs. Specifically, it exhibits high capacity of 305 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and maintains achievable capacity of 100 mAh g−1 at a quite high rate of 2000 mA g−1 with long‐term cycling of up to 1600 cycles, which are superior to most reported ZIB cathode materials. Furthermore, insight into the Zn‐storage mechanism in MnOx@N‐C is systematically studied and discussed via multiple analytical methods. This study opens new opportunities for designing low‐cost and high‐performance rechargeable aqueous ZIBs.
Based on a metal–organic framework, a unique porous Mn‐based cathode material with onion‐like N‐doped carbon and amorphous carbon shell is designed for high‐performance Zn‐ion batteries. Moreover, the electrode reaction mechanism is elucidated by combining electrochemical measurements and synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. This work offers a new pathway for better understanding of a divalent metal‐ion insertion process.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this present work, we reported on a novel cyan-emitting phosphor Ba3Lu2B6O15:Ce3+,Tb3+ prepared by a conventional solid-state method and evaluated its potential as a candidate for application in ...white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra, CIE color coordinates, internal quantum efficiency (IQE), and temperature-dependent PL spectra were used to characterize the Ba3Lu2B6O15:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphor. We found that this phosphor showed strong and broad absorption in 300–425 nm wavelength region, and under excitation at 373 nm it exhibited intense cyan emission due to the combination of blue emission of Ce3+ ions peaking at 446 nm and green emission of Tb3+ ions peaking at 542 nm. The energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions in the Ba3Lu2B6O15:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphor was studied. The optimized cyan-emitting Ba3Lu2B6O15:0.03Ce3+,0.2 Tb3+ sample showed CIE color coordinates of (0.204, 0.239) and its IQE was measured to be about 51%. The performance of this phosphor was further tested by investigating its thermal stability, and the obtained results demonstrated that this phosphor possessed good luminescence thermal stability and color thermal stability. Finally, we fabricated a WLED lamp by coating the Ba3Lu2B6O15:0.03Ce3+,0.2 Tb3+ cyan-emitting phosphor with a red-emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor on a 365 nm-emitting LED chip, and when driven by a 180 mA forward bias current such WLED device produced intense white light with a color rendering index of 88, a correlated color temperature of 4213 K, and CIE color coordinates of (0.375, 0.388).
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•Novel Ba3Lu2B6O15:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphors were prepared.•These phosphors had broad excitation band in the 300–425 nm wavelength range.•They showed intense cyan emissions upon 373 nm excitation.•These phosphors possessed good internal quantum efficiency and thermal stability.•A high-CRI WLED device was fabricated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-annealed Ti-stabilized Fe-17Cr ferritic stainless steel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction ...(EBSD) and tensile tests. Experimental results show that the size of the ferrite grain in the Fe-17Cr stainless steel is about 40 µm after rolling and annealing. Orientation distribution function (ODF) by EBSD indicates that nearly homogeneous {111} annealing texture is produced in the annealed sheets. Pole figures (PF) by EBSD show that Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship between the TiN particles and ferrite grains is established in the as-annealed microstructure. Tensile tests demonstrate that the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) of the as-annealed Ti-stabilized Fe-17Cr ferritic stainless steel are 319 MPa, 626 MPa, and 36.5%, respectively. In the SEM micrograph of the fracture, deep dimples can be observed and TiN particles can be found in the core of the dimples, which indicates that the samples undergo large deformation before fracture.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A duplex microstructure consisting of body-centered-cubic (BCC/B2) and face-centered-cubic (FCC) phases was observed after homogenization and recrystallization treatments in Al0.45CoCrFeNi ...high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The precipitates of BCC phase effectively suppressed the grain growth during recrystallization and annealing, resulting in an ultrafine-grained microstructure. Analysis based on the modified Zener-Smith model and growth kinetics for grain size of the matrix indicate the phase boundaries act as strong obstacle for grain coarsening. This dual phase HEAs exhibit yield strength values varying widely from 300 MPa to 1200 MPa, depending on the heat treatment conditions and corresponding microstructures. An excellent combination of yield strength (~980 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (~1160 MPa), and tensile elongation (~15%) was achieved by optimizing and coupling both phase precipitation and recrystallization kinetics. The current work describes a strategy in developing high-performance ultrafine-grained HEAs for future industrial applications.
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•Fabricating ultrafine-grained dual phase Al0.45CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys via thermo-mechanical processing•The precipitation of B2 phase effectively suppresses the recrystallization kinetics of matrix.•The strength and ductility of high-entropy alloys were tuned by tailoring the phase precipitation and recrystallization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With the rapid development, microelectronic technology has put forward strict requirements for electronic packaging materials (EPMs). SiCp/Al composites with high volume fraction of SiC has become an ...ideal candidate for EPMs due to their superior properties including high thermal conductivity, tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion as well as low density in many fields. This study reviewed the manufacturing process of SiCp/Al composites in recent years. In addition, the interface between particle and matrix, the application, and the development trend of SiCp/Al composites has also been summarized.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of probiotic therapies on body weight and BMI using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
Methods: Twenty studies with 25 trials (1931 participants with ...age over 18 years) were included. The pooled WMD was calculated by random effects model.
Results: Probiotic consumption significantly reduced body weight by 0.59 kg (95% CI, 0.30-0.87) and BMI by 0.49 kg/m
2
(95% CI, 0.24-0.74). A greater reduction in BMI was found with multiple species of probiotics. Subgroup analysis of trials with intervention duration ≥8 weeks found a more significant reduction in BMI. Limiting analysis to trials with a baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m
2
showed a greater reduction in BMI.
Conclusion: Consuming probiotics could reduce body weight and BMI, with a potentially greater effect when multiple species of probiotics were consumed, the duration of intervention was ≥8 weeks, or the objects were overweight.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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