A novel bacterium designated SSM4.2
T
was isolated from seaweed of Gouqi Island, which is the center of the Zhoushan fishing ground in the East China Sea. Strain SSM4.2
T
was Gram-stain-negative, ...bright yellow-pigmented, short rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-spore forming, aerobic and motile by gliding. Growth was observed at 4–37 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0–2.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%) concentration. The strain was catalase- and oxidase-positive. Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was found as the sole respiratory quinone and zeaxanthin as the main carotenoid pigment. The predominant fatty acids (≥ 10%) were iso-C
15:0
, iso-C
15:1
G, iso-C
17:0
3-OH and summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω
7
c
/C
16:1
ω
6
c
). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The genome size was 5.7 Mbp. The DNA G + C content was 34.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SSM4.2
T
belongs to the genus
Flavobacterium
and shares high-sequence similarity with
F. limi
KACC 18851
T
(98.1%),
F. hydrophilum
KACC 19591
T
(97.6%),
F. defluvii
KCTC 12612
T
(97.1%),
F. cheongpyeongense
KACC 19592
T
(97.0%) and
F. fluviatile
KCTC 52446
T
(96.9%). Strain SSM4.2
T
had 73.2–84.6% average nucleotide identity and 19.1–29.4% digital DNA-DNA hybridization values with its closest type strains. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic features, strain SSM4.2
T
represents a novel species of the genus
Flavobacterium,
for which the name
Flavobacterium ajazii
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSM4.2
T
(= KCTC 72807
T
= MCCC 1K04370
T
).
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•The martensite reorientation mode is gradually converted.•Reverse transformation is restrained by the plastic deformation.•Plastic deformation and residual martensite lead to the decrease of ...recoverable strain.•Degeneration of OWSME of NiTi SMA single crystal occurs during the cycling.
In the framework of thermodynamics and based on the Ginzburg-Landau's theory and crystal plasticity, a three-dimensional phase field model was constructed to predict the cyclic degeneration of the one-way shape memory effect (OWSME) of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) single crystal. Two inelastic deformation mechanisms, i.e., austenite plasticity and martensite plasticity were newly introduced into the proposed model in order to describe the martensite transformation- and reorientation-induced plasticity and the stress-strain response of NiTi SMA single crystal more reasonably. From the phase field simulations, it is found that: during the thermo-mechanical cyclic deformation of NiTi SMA single crystal involving the OWSME, the Mode-I martensite reorientation (i.e., achieved by the migration of twinned interfaces) is gradually converted to the Mode-II one (i.e., achieved by the nucleation and growth of martensite variants with favorable orientations) due to the influence of plastic deformation; the reverse transformation is restrained by the plastic deformation, leading to the accumulation of residual martensite phase; moreover, the twinned martensite phase is gradually transited into the re-oriented one due to the interaction among the plastic deformation, residual martensite phase and temperature-induced martensite transformation; the irreversible plastic deformation and the accumulation of residual martensite phase lead to the decrease of recoverable strain, eventually resulting in the predicted cyclic degeneration of the OWSME of NiTi SMA single crystal.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Maternal hypotension after spinal anaesthesia occurs at a high rate during caesarean delivery and can lead to adverse maternal or foetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ...dose of spinal ropivacaine for caesarean section with or without intravenous single bolus of S-ketamine and to observe the rates of hypotension associated with both methods.
Eighty women undergoing elective caesarean delivery were randomly allocated into either a ropivacaine only or ropivacaine with intravenous S-ketamine group. If the upper sensory level of the patient reached T6 and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores remained below 3 points before delivery, the next patient had a 1/9th chance of receiving a lower dose or an 8/9th chance of receiving the same dose as the previous patient. If the patient had VAS scores of more than 2 points or needed an extra epidural rescue bolus before delivery, a higher dose was used for the next patient. The primary outcome was the successful use of spinal ropivacaine to maintain patient VAS score of < 3 points before delivery and the incidence of post-spinal hypotension in both groups. Secondary outcomes included the rates of hypotension-related symptoms and interventions, upper sensory level of anaesthesia, level of sedation, neonatal outcomes, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at admission and discharge, and post-operative analgesic effect. The 90% effective dose (ED90) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by isotonic regression.
The estimated ED90 of ropivacaine was 11.8 mg (95% CI: 11.7-12.7) with and 14.7 mg (95% CI: 14.6-16.0) without intravenous S-ketamine, using biased coin up-down sequential dose-finding method. The rates of hypotension and associated symptoms were significantly lower in S-ketamine group than in the ropivacaine only group.
A spinal dose of ropivacaine 12 mg with a single intravenous 0.15 mg/kg bolus dose of S-ketamine may significantly reduce the risk of hypotension and induce sedation before delivery. This method may be used with appropriate caution for women undergoing elective caesarean delivery and at a high risk of hypotension or experiencing extreme nervousness.
http://www.chictr.org.cn ( ChiCTR2000040375 ; 28/11/2020).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a multifunctional cytokine and reduced plasma levels were found in patients with sepsis. However, precise functions and mechanisms of LECT2 remain ...unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of LECT2 in modulating immune responses using mouse sepsis models. We found that LECT2 treatment improved outcome in mice with bacterial sepsis. Macrophages (MΦ), but not polymorphonuclear neutrophils, mediated the beneficial effect of LECT2 on bacterial sepsis. LECT2 treatment could alter gene expression and enhance phagocytosis and bacterial killing of MΦ in vitro. CD209a was identified to specifically interact with LECT2 and mediate LECT2-induced MΦ activation. CD209a-expressing MΦ was further confirmed to mediate the effect of LECT2 on sepsis in vivo. Our data demonstrate that LECT2 improves protective immunity in bacterial sepsis, possibly as a result of enhanced MΦ functions via the CD209a receptor. The modulation of MΦ functions by LECT2 may serve as a novel potential treatment for sepsis.
Ultrasound with deep penetration depth and high security could be adopted in sonodynamic therapy (SDT) by activating sonosensitizers to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, ...two-dimensional (2D) coordination nanosheets composed of Zn
2+
and Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) are fabricated. While exhibiting greatly enhanced ultrasound-triggered ROS generation useful for noninvasive SDT, such Zn-TCPP 2D nanosheets show high loading capacity of oligodeoxynucleotides such as cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (CpG), which is a potent toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist useful in activating immune responses. Highly effective SDT of primary tumors could release tumor-associated antigens, which working together with Zn-TCPP/CpG adjuvant nanosheets could function like whole-tumor-cell vaccines and trigger tumor-specific immune responses. Interestingly, ultrasound itself could strengthen anti-tumor immune responses by improving the tumor-infiltration of T cells and limiting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, SDT using Zn-TCPP/CpG nanosheets after destruction of primary tumors could induce potent antitumor immune responses to inhibit distant abscopal tumors without direct SDT treatment. Moreover, SDT with Zn-TCPP/CpG could trigger strong immunological memory effects to inhibit cancer recurrence after elimination of primary tumors. Therefore, the 2D coordination nanosheet may be a promising platform to deliver potent SDT-triggered immunotherapy for highly effective cancer treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Here we demonstrate an active method which pioneers in utilizing a combination of a spatial frequency shift and a Stokes frequency shift to enable wide-field far-field subdiffraction imaging. A ...fluorescent nanowire ring acts as a localized source and is combined with a film waveguide to produce omnidirectional illuminating evanescent waves. Benefitting from the high wave vector of illumination, the high spatial frequencies of an object can be shifted to the passband of a conventional imaging system, contributing subwavelength spatial information to the far-field image. A structure featuring 70-nm-wide slots spaced 70 nm apart has been resolved at a wavelength of 520 nm with a 0.85 numerical aperture standard objective based on this method. The versatility of this approach has been demonstrated by imaging integrated chips, Blu-ray DVDs, biological cells, and various subwavelength 2D patterns, with a viewing area of up to 1000 μm^{2}, which is one order of magnitude larger than the previous far-field and full-field nanoscopy methods. This new resolving technique is label-free, is conveniently integrated with conventional microscopes, and can potentially become an important tool in cellular biology, the on-chip industry, as well as other fields requiring wide-field nanoscale visualization.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
A new visible‐light‐induced trifluoromethylation of isonitrile‐substituted methylenecyclopropanes is developed. A range of substituted 6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐7,8‐dihydrobenzokphenanthridine derivatives ...are readily furnished by this newly developed tandem reaction with moderate to good yields. This reaction allows the direct formation of two six‐membered rings and three new C−C bonds, including the C−CF3 bond, under visible light irradiation.
New rings and bonds: A new visible‐light‐induced trifluoromethylation of isonitrile‐substituted methylenecyclopropanes has been developed, affording a range of substituted 6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐7,8‐dihydrobenzokphenanthridine derivatives in moderate to good yields. This reaction allows the direct formation of two six‐membered rings and three new C−C bonds, including the C−CF3 bond, under visible light irradiation (see scheme).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Metrnl is a newly identified secreted protein highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of intestinal epithelial Metrnl in ulcerative colitis. ...Metrnl
(intestinal epithelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout) mice did not display any phenotypes of colitis under basal conditions. However, under administration of 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) drinking water, colitis was more severe in Metrnl
mice than in WT mice, as indicated by comparisons of body weight loss, the presence of occult or gross blood per rectum, stool consistency, shrinkage in the colon, intestinal damage, and serum levels of inflammatory factors. DSS-induced colitis activated autophagy in the colon. This activation was partially inhibited by intestinal epithelial Metrnl deficiency, as indicated by a decrease in Beclin-1 and LC3-II/I and an increase in p62 in DSS-treated Metrnl
mice compared with WT mice. These phenomena were further confirmed by observation of autophagosomes and immunofluorescence staining for LC3 in epithelial cells. The autophagy-related AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K pathway was also activated in DSS-induced colitis, and this pathway was partially blocked by intestinal epithelial Metrnl deficiency, as indicated by a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation and an increase in mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation in DSS-treated Metrnl
mice compared with WT mice. Therefore, Metrnl deficiency deteriorated ulcerative colitis at least partially through inhibition of autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K pathway, suggesting that Metrnl is a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Axial compressive tests of MC-CFST walls were conducted involving 14 specimens.•The failure modes and ultimate and residual resistances of the specimens were discussed in detail.•The performance of ...corrugated plates was analyzed.•A method for calculating the critical width of corrugated cells was presented.•Test results of MC-CFST walls were compared with typical codes for practical design recommendations.
Multi-celled corrugated-plate concrete-filled steel tubular (MC-CFST) wall is an innovative type of steel–concrete composite wall for achieving lower steel consumption and higher load-resistance efficiency. Experiments on 14 specimens were conducted to investigate the performance of MC-CFST walls under axial compression. The key parameters included wall depth, corrugated cell width and corrugated plate form. The specimens exhibited good ductility and showed similar failure patterns with local buckling on steel tubes and corrugated plates. By analyzing the test results, failure modes and ultimate and residual resistances of the specimens were discussed in detail. In addition, the performance of corrugated plates during the whole loading process was analyzed based on the measured strain results. It can be found that the vertical performance of corrugated plates is the combination of the accordion effect and vertical compression effect, and the horizontal performance is the combination of the overall expansion effect and beam effect. A method for calculating the critical width of corrugated cells was presented. Moreover, the test results were compared with the typical equations specified in several existing design codes. It was found that AISC 360-16, EC4-2004 and GB50936-2014 could safely predict the ultimate resistance of MC-CFST walls, among which the results of GB50936-2014 were the closest to the experimental results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background and Purpose
Ageing is an important risk factor of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigated whether the deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a ...ubiquitous coenzyme, links ageing with NAFLD.
Experimental Approach
Hepatic concentrations of NAD+, protein levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and several other critical enzymes regulating NAD+ biosynthesis, were compared in middle‐aged and aged mice or patients. The influences of NAD+ decline on the steatosis and steatohepatitis were evaluated in wild‐type and H247A dominant‐negative, enzymically‐inactive NAMPT transgenic mice (DN‐NAMPT) given normal or high‐fat diet (HFD).
Key Results
Hepatic NAD+ level decreased in aged mice and humans. NAMPT‐controlled NAD+ salvage, but not de novo biosynthesis pathway, was compromised in liver of elderly mice and humans. Given normal chow, middle‐age DN‐NAMPT mice displayed systemic NAD+ reduction and had moderate NAFLD phenotypes, including lipid accumulation, enhanced oxidative stress, triggered inflammation and impaired insulin sensitivity in liver. All these NAFLD phenotypes, especially release of pro‐inflammatory factors, Kupffer cell accumulation, monocytes infiltration, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and hepatic fibrosis (Masson's staining and α‐SMA staining), deteriorated further under HFD challenge. Oral administration of nicotinamide riboside, a natural NAD+ precursor, completely corrected these NAFLD phenotypes induced by NAD+ deficiency alone or HFD, whereas adenovirus‐mediated SIRT1 overexpression only partially rescued these phenotypes.
Conclusions and Implications
These results provide the first evidence that ageing‐associated NAD+ deficiency is a critical risk factor for NAFLD, and suggest that supplementation with NAD+ substrates may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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