Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT‐Na/S) batteries possess high potential for grid‐scale stationary energy storage due to their low cost and high energy density. However, the issues arising from the ...low S mass loading and poor cycling stability caused by the shuttle effect of polysulfides seriously limit their operating capacity and cycling capability. Herein, sulfur‐doped graphene frameworks supporting atomically dispersed 2H‐MoS2 and Mo1 (S@MoS2‐Mo1/SGF) with a record high sulfur mass loading of 80.9 wt.% are synthesized as an integrated dual active sites cathode for RT‐Na/S batteries. Impressively, the as‐prepared S@MoS2‐Mo1/SGF display unprecedented cyclic stability with a high initial capacity of 1017 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and a low‐capacity fading rate of 0.05% per cycle over 1000 cycles. Experimental and computational results including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and density‐functional theory calculations reveal that atomic‐level Mo in this integrated dual‐active‐site forms a delocalized electron system, which could improve the reactivity of sulfur and reaction reversibility of S and Na, greatly alleviating the shuttle effect. The findings not only provide an effective strategy to fabricate high‐performance dual‐site cathodes, but also deepen the understanding of their enhancement mechanisms at an atomic level.
An integrated dual‐active‐site cathode is developed by wreathing monolayered MoS2 and Mo1 on sulfur‐doped graphene frameworks for high‐performance room‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries. The constructed atomic level MoS2‐Mo1 with delocalized electron effects facilitates substantial charge transfer and a completely reversible reaction between S and Na, thus alleviating the shuttle effect.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
High-performance electromagnetic wave absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with multifunctional characters have attracted extensive scientific and technological ...interest, but they remain a huge challenge. Here, we reported an electrostatic assembly approach for fabricating 2D/1D/0D construction of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
/carbon nanotubes/Co nanoparticles (Ti
3
C
2
T
x
/CNTs/Co) nanocomposites with an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption, EMI shielding efficiency, flexibility, hydrophobicity, and photothermal conversion performance. As expected, a strong reflection loss of -85.8 dB and an ultrathin thickness of 1.4 mm were achieved. Meanwhile, the high EMI shielding efficiency reached 110.1 dB. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding performances were originated from the charge carriers, electric/magnetic dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, natural resonance, and multiple internal reflections. Moreover, a thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane rendered the hydrophilic hierarchical Ti
3
C
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T
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/CNTs/Co hydrophobic, which can prevent the degradation/oxidation of the MXene in high humidity condition. Interestingly, the Ti
3
C
2
T
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/CNTs/Co film exhibited a remarkable photothermal conversion performance with high thermal cycle stability and tenability. Thus, the multifunctional Ti
3
C
2
T
x
/CNTs/Co nanocomposites possessing a unique blend of outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption and EMI shielding, light-driven heating performance, and flexible water-resistant features were highly promising for the next-generation intelligent electromagnetic attenuation system.
Highlights
The 2D/1D/0D Ti
3
C
2
T
x
/carbon nanotubes/Co nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via an electrostatic assembly.
Nanocomposites exhibit an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and a remarkable electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency.
The flexible, waterproof, and photothermal conversion performances are achieved.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recently, biomass-derived carbon absorbing materials have received extensive attention due to their diverse structures, wide sources and low cost. However, it is still a great challenge to construct ...high-efficiency biomass-based absorbers with hierarchical and multi-component micro-nanoarchitecture. To this end, a novel Co @ mesoporous C/macroporous C sheet hybrid was successfully prepared by in-situ self-assembly of ZnCo MOF nanosheet arrays on biomass-derived porous carbon sheets via hydrothermal and pyrolysis methods. By tuning the molar ratio of Zn2+ to Co2+ ions, the optimal RLmin value was up to −66.9 dB and a wide EAB of 5.6 GHz was simultaneously obtained at the filler loading of 12 wt%. The results showed that this unique 3D micro-nanostructure possessed larger specific surface area, rich heterogeneous interfaces, massive defects and multi-level porosity, which was favorable for multiple reflection and scattering, dielectric loss, magnetic loss, as well as impedance matching. As a consequence, the as-prepared composites displayed significantly enhanced microwave absorption performance than the pristine biomass carbon. In this regard, the integration of MOF monomer and biomass matrix is expected to provide new guidance for the design of hierarchical multi-scale porous heterostructures as lightweight and enhanced microwave absorbing materials.
Display omitted
•The synthesis process was low-cost, facile and green.•The RLmin of −66.9 dB and EAB of 5.6 GHz were achieved at a filling ratio of 12%.•A novel MOF/biomass absorber with multi-level pore structure was fabricated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In memory, our continuous experiences are broken up into discrete events. Boundaries between events are known to influence the temporal organization of memory. However, how and through which ...mechanism event boundaries shape temporal order memory (TOM) remains unknown. Across four experiments, we show that event boundaries exert a dual role: improving TOM for items within an event and impairing TOM for items across events. Decreasing event length in a list enhances TOM, but only for items at earlier local event positions, an effect we term the local primacy effect. A computational model, in which items are associated to a temporal context signal that drifts over time but resets at boundaries captures all behavioural results. Our findings provide a unified algorithmic mechanism for understanding how and why event boundaries affect TOM, reconciling a long-standing paradox of why both contextual similarity and dissimilarity promote TOM.
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) refers to the use of molecular markers to assist phenotypic selections in crop improvement. Several types of molecular markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphism ...(SNP), have been identified and effectively used in plant breeding. The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to remarkable advances in whole genome sequencing, which provides ultra-throughput sequences to revolutionize plant genotyping and breeding. To further broaden NGS usages to large crop genomes such as maize and wheat, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has been developed and applied in sequencing multiplexed samples that combine molecular marker discovery and genotyping. GBS is a novel application of NGS protocols for discovering and genotyping SNPs in crop genomes and populations. The GBS approach includes the digestion of genomic DNA with restriction enzymes followed by the ligation of barcode adapter, PCR amplification and sequencing of the amplified DNA pool on a single lane of flow cells. Bioinformatic pipelines are needed to analyze and interpret GBS datasets. As an ultimate MAS tool and a cost-effective technique, GBS has been successfully used in implementing genome-wide association study (GWAS), genomic diversity study, genetic linkage analysis, molecular marker discovery and genomic selection under a large scale of plant breeding programs.
Understanding the evolutionarily conserved feature of functional laterality in the habenula has been attracting attention due to its potential role in human cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. ...Deciphering the structure of the human habenula remains to be challenging, which resulted in inconsistent findings for brain disorders. Here, we present a large‐scale meta‐analysis of the left–right differences in the habenular volume in the human brain to provide a clearer picture of the habenular asymmetry. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles that reported volume data of the bilateral habenula in the human brain, and assessed the left–right differences. We also assessed the potential effects of several moderating variables including the mean age of the participants, magnetic field strengths of the scanners and different disorders by using meta‐regression and subgroup analysis. In total 52 datasets (N = 1427) were identified and showed significant heterogeneity in the left–right differences and the unilateral volume per se. Moderator analyses suggested that such heterogeneity was mainly due to different MRI scanners and segmentation approaches used. While inversed asymmetry patterns were suggested in patients with depression (leftward) and schizophrenia (rightward), no significant disorder‐related differences relative to healthy controls were found in either the left–right asymmetry or the unilateral volume. This study provides useful data for future studies of brain imaging and methodological developments related to precision habenula measurements, and also helps to further understand potential roles of the habenula in various disorders.
We present a large‐scale meta‐analysis of the habenula volume and its asymmetry in humans. Results revealed significant heterogeneity and important methodological factors. No significant disorder‐related differences in the habenula measures were found.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Integrating the self-healing property with the shape-memory effect is a strategy that extends the service lifetime of shape-memory materials. However, this strategy is inadequate to reshape and ...recycle through the self-healing property or liquid-state remoldability. For more types of damage, solid-state plasticity is needed as a complementary mechanism to broaden the reprocessing channels of smart materials. In this study, multifunctional thermoplastic polyureas cross-linked by urea hydrogen bonds are prepared, which possess the multipathway remodeling property. The shape transition can be triggered after heating above 65 °C. The synergistic effect of dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds causes the thermoplastic polyureas to possess characteristics similar to those of associative covalent adaptable networks. Thus, the polyureas can repair the damage or reconfigure the shape at 75 °C in 15 min by solid-state plasticity, instead of going into a viscous flow state. Soft grippers with various shapes are prepared by integration of solid-state plasticity, and the structure and function of the grippers can be repaired. The integration of solid-state plasticity and the self-healing property broadens the paths of shape-memory polymers in recyclability and reshapability.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This paper constructs a spatial association network of carbon emissions from the electricity sector in Chinese provinces by using an improved gravity model and the data on carbon emissions in ...2005–2016 from the electricity sector. Social network analysis and the quadratic assignment procedure were used to analyse spatial association characteristics and influential factors. It is found that the overall structure of the carbon emission spatial network in China’s electricity sector was relatively stable and provinces were closely linked. Shanghai, Jiangsu, Tianjin, Beijing and Zhejiang all played a leading role in the network centre position. Spatial adjacency relationships and per capita GDP were positively correlated with carbon emissions from the electricity sector, but electricity intensity and industrial structure were negatively correlated. Urbanisation level does not affect the spatial correlation network of carbon emissions from electricity sector. Based on the results, some policy recommendations are finally made for reducing the carbon emissions from the electricity sector in China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aims and objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the moderated mediation mechanism of the relationships among family function, self‐efficacy, care hours per day, closeness and benefit finding ...in family caregivers of patients with stroke in China.
Background
Benefit finding can provide a new means of resolving depression among family members caring for an ill loved one. However, current research has paid little attention to the benefit finding of family caregivers of stroke patients in China.
Design
A cross‐sectional study.
Methods
Three hundred fifty family caregivers of patients with stroke were recruited from community service centres and hospitals in Zhengzhou, China. The participants completed the family APGAR index, caregiver benefit finding scale and Chinese general self‐efficacy scale during a study conducted in 2017. Descriptive analyses and a moderated mediation model were computed. Reporting adhered to the STROBE checklist.
Results
A total of 311 family caregivers completed this study. Closeness between family caregivers and patients with stroke moderated the relationship between family function and caregiver benefit finding. Self‐efficacy partially mediated the relationship between family function and caregiver benefit finding; moreover, care hours per day moderated the mediation.
Conclusion
This study shows important factors associated with benefit finding in family caregivers of patients with stroke. This indicates elements that could help improve benefit finding intervention programmes for family caregivers of patients with stroke.
Relevance to clinical practice
The findings in our study provide valuable information on benefit finding and indicate some interventions to improve the mental health of family caregivers of stroke patients.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The aims were to identify the possible influencing factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its domain-specific scores in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 1247 ...patients with CHD from the Henan Rural Cohort Study (n = 39,259) were included in this study. The Chinese version of the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five level scale (EQ-5D-5L) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate HRQoL in patients with CHD. Tobit regression, generalized linear models and binary logistic regression were applied to determine the potential factors influencing the EQ-5D utility, as well as each domain, and the VAS. CHD patients had lower per capita monthly actual income, and higher rates of diabetes mellitus, stroke, anxiety and poor sleep quality, which significantly decreased EQ-5D index and VAS scores. In addition, sex, older age, education, not having a spouse, ever drinking alcohol, a high-fat diet, physical activity, hypertension and depression affected the various domain-specific EQ-5D scores in CHD patients. CHD patients in rural areas have a lower HRQoL. Factors associated with the EQ-5D index, including each domain, and the VAS need attention. CHD patients in rural areas need to be managed systematically.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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