Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a great health burden to patients owing to its poor overall survival rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with microRNAs (miRs) to participate in tumorigenesis. ...Therefore, we aim to uncover the role and related mechanism of LINC00473 in PC through the modulation of miR‐195‐5p and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Increased LINC00473 and PD‐L1 but declined miR‐195‐5p were determined in PC tissues and cell lines, and it was found that LINC00473 mainly situated in the cytoplasm. Also, miR‐195‐5p was verified to bind with both LINC00473 and PD‐L1. Next, with the aim to examine the ability of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p, and PD‐L1 on the PC progression, the expression of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p and PD‐L1 were altered with mimics, inhibitors, overexpression vectors or siRNAs in PC cells and cocultured CD8+ T cells. It was demonstrated that LINC00473 sponged miR‐195‐5p to upregulate PD‐L1 expression. More important, the obtained results revealed that LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p upregulation elevated the expression of Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax), interferon (IFN)‐γ, and interleukin (IL)‐4 but reduced the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and IL‐10, thus inducing the enhancement of the apoptosis as along with the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration of the PC cells. LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p elevation activated the CD8+ T cells. Taken together, LINC00473 silencing blocked the PC progression through enhancing miR‐195‐5p‐targeted downregulation of PD‐L1. This finding offers new therapeutic options for treating this devastating disease.
Taken together, LINC00473 silencing blocked the pancreatic cancer progression through enhancing miR‐195‐5p‐targeted downregulation of PD‐L1. This finding offers new therapeutic options for treating this devastating disease.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The hunt for the molecular markers with specificity and sensitivity has been a hot area for the tumor treatment. Due to the poor diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC), the excision rate ...is often low, which makes it more urgent to find the ideal tumor markers.
Robust Rank Aggreg (RRA) methods was firstly applied to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PC tissues and normal tissues from GSE28735, GSE15471, GSE16515, and GSE101448. Among these DEGs, the highly correlated genes were clustered using WGCNA analysis. The co-expression networks and molecular complex detection (MCODE) Cytoscape app were then performed to find the sub-clusters and confirm 35 candidate genes. For these genes, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression model was applied and validated to build a diagnostic risk score model. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used and validated to build a prognostic model.
Based on integrated transcriptomic analysis, we identified a 19 gene module (SYCN, PNLIPRP1, CAP2, GNMT, MAT1A, ABAT, GPT2, ADHFE1, PHGDH, PSAT1, ERP27, PDIA2, MT1H, COMP, COL5A2, FN1, COL1A2, FAP and POSTN) as a specific predictive signature for the diagnosis of PC. Based on the two consideration, accuracy and feasibility, we simplified the diagnostic risk model as a four-gene model: 0.3034*log
(MAT1A)-0.1526*log
(MT1H) + 0.4645*log
(FN1) -0.2244*log
(FAP), log
(gene count). Besides, a four-hub gene module was also identified as prognostic model = - 1.400*log
(CEL) + 1.321*log
(CPA1) + 0.454*log
(POSTN) + 1.011*log
(PM20D1), log
(gene count).
Integrated transcriptomic analysis identifies two four-hub gene modules as specific predictive signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC, which may bring new sight for the clinical practice of PC.
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that inhabit diverse aquatic and terrestrial environments. However, the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the cyanobacterial habitat adaptation remain ...poorly understood. Here, based on phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses of 650 cyanobacterial genomes, we investigated the genetic basis of cyanobacterial habitat adaptation (marine, freshwater, and terrestrial). We show: (1) the expansion of gene families is a common strategy whereby terrestrial cyanobacteria cope with fluctuating environments, whereas the genomes of many marine strains have undergone contraction to adapt to nutrient-poor conditions. (2) Hundreds of genes are strongly associated with specific habitats. Genes that are differentially abundant in genomes of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial cyanobacteria were found to be involved in light sensing and absorption, chemotaxis, nutrient transporters, responses to osmotic stress, etc., indicating the importance of these genes in the survival and adaptation of organisms in specific habitats. (3) A substantial fraction of genes that facilitate the adaptation of Cyanobacteria to specific habitats are contributed by horizontal gene transfer, and such genetic exchanges are more frequent in terrestrial cyanobacteria. Collectively, our results further our understandings of the adaptations of Cyanobacteria to different environments, highlighting the importance of ecological constraints imposed by the environment in shaping the evolution of Cyanobacteria.
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NUK, SBMB, SBNM, UL, UM, UPUK
The real world exhibits an abundance of non-stationary textures. Examples include textures with large scale structures, as well as spatially variant and inhomogeneous textures. While existing ...example-based texture synthesis methods can cope well with stationary textures, non-stationary textures still pose a considerable challenge, which remains unresolved. In this paper, we propose a new approach for example-based non-stationary texture synthesis. Our approach uses a generative adversarial network (GAN), trained to double the spatial extent of texture blocks extracted from a specific texture exemplar. Once trained, the fully convolutional generator is able to expand the size of the entire exemplar, as well as of any of its sub-blocks. We demonstrate that this conceptually simple approach is highly effective for capturing large scale structures, as well as other non-stationary attributes of the input exemplar. As a result, it can cope with challenging textures, which, to our knowledge, no other existing method can handle.
The research was focused on the execution of true triaxial compression tests and adopted acoustic emission (AE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By doing so, the authors investigated the ...strength, deformation, AE, macroscopic and microscopic failure characteristics of Jinping marble in the 3-d stress space during brittle-ductile failure. The results showed that under true triaxial compression, when ductile failure occurs in Jinping marble, some ductile deformation remained in the samples, even after reaching peak strength. Post-peak ductility indicates Jinping marble with a certain post-peak carrying capacity, which has an important effect on rock failure. Moreover, the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress and the minimum principal stress affect the brittle-ductile transition and failure mechanism of Jinping marble. When the minimum principal stress is small, rocks present brittle failure and split to an extent that mainly depends on tensile failure, and the brittle-ductile transition of rocks is only slightly influenced by the intermediate principal stress. Under large minimum principal stress conditions, the rock behavior gradually turns from ductile to brittle failure with increasing intermediate principal stress. When the minimum principal stress is large and the intermediate principal stress is small, rocks exhibit ductile failure (mostly shown as shear failure). Besides, when the minimum principal stress is large and the difference between minimum and intermediate principal stress is larger, brittle failure occurs along tensile-shear fractures.
•The full stress-strain curves of Jinping marble were obtained by true triaxial compression.•AE activity and SEM were used to help to understand the brittle-ductile characteristics.•The intermediate principal stress has effect on the brittle-ductile failure modes.•The brittle-ductile transition boundary has been shown by an empirical formula.•The influences of the brittle-ductile characteristics on engineering problems were explored.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Developing an efficient photocatalyst, catalyzing formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation, can satisfy the demand of the H
2
energy. Herein, a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C
x
N
4
)-based nanosheet (
x
= ...3.2, 3.6 or 3.8) with melem rings conjugated by Schiff-base bond (N=C–C=N) was synthesized, tuning the bandgaps (
E
g
) of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C
3
N
4
) in the range of 1.8 <
E
g
< 2.7 eV, and grown PdAg nanowires (NWs) on its surface forming an efficient PdAg NWs/g-C
x
N
4
Mott–Schottky heterojunction for enhancing dehydrogenation photocatalysis of FA. The boosting photocatalysis benefits from the Schiff-base bond tuning the
E
g
of g-C
3
N
4
and strongly coupling from the heterojunction. Among the heterojunction, the Pd
5
Ag
5
NWs/g-C
3.6
N
4
exhibits the best dehydrogenation photocatalysis of FA turnover frequency (TOF) = 1230 h
−1
under visible light (
λ
> 400 nm) without any additive at 25 °C, which is the best value among ever-reported ones. This work provides a new strategy to boost dehydrogenation photocatalysis of FA, which will be promising for practical application of H
2
in future energy field.
Graphical abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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► Unique Si@C composites with preformed voids were synthesized. ► A facile template coating-etching to generate voids between core and shell. ► The preformed voids act as electrolyte ...reservoirs. ► This material manifests enhanced electrochemical performance.
Silicon is a promising candidate for the anode material in lithium ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 4200mAhg−1, which is approximately ten times larger compared to current commercial graphite anodes. However, the pulverization and capacity fading caused by the dramatic volume changes during cycling are still challenging its widespread application. To address these problems, a novel Si@C heterostructure with tunable preformed voids between Si core and carbon shell is synthesized via a flexible and tunable route. When evaluated for their electrochemical properties, these hollow Si@C spheres show enhanced electrochemical properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
CaTiO3 is a typical linear dielectric material with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and high resistivity, which is expected as a promising candidate for the high energy storage density ...applications. In the previous work, an energy density of 1.5 J/cm3 was obtained in CaTiO3 ceramics, where the dielectric strength was only 435 kV/cm. In fact, the intrinsic dielectric strength of CaTiO3 is predicted as high as 4.2 MV/cm. Therefore, it should be a challenge issue to enhance the dielectric strength and energy storage density of CaTiO3 ceramics by optimizing the microstructures. In the present work, dense CaTiO3 ceramics with fine and uniform microstructures are prepared by spark plasma sintering, and the greatly enhanced dielectric strength (910 kV/cm) and energy storage density (6.9 J/cm3) are obtained. This can be ascribed to the improved resistivity and thermal conductivity, associated with the fine and uniform microstructures. The different post‐breakdown features of CaTiO3 ceramics prepared by different process well interpret why the enhanced dielectric strength is achieved in the SPS sample. The energy storage density can be further improved to 11.8 J/cm3 by introducing the amorphous alumina thin films as the charge blocking layer, where the dielectric strength is 1188 kV/cm.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ship detection in remote sensing plays an important role in civil and military fields. Owing to the complex background and uncertain direction, ship detection is full of challenge by using the ...commonly used object-detection methods. In this article, a new framework for detecting the arbitrary direction ships is proposed based on the improvement in the Faster region-based convolutional network (R-CNN), in which the shape of the bounding box is described by three sides, namely, vertical side, horizontal side, and short side, respectively. The inclination of the ship is obtained by calculating the arc-tangent value of the vertical side to the horizontal side. First, the better performing ResNet-101 is adopted to extract features over an entire image, which are shared by the region proposal network (RPN) and the head network. Then, the multidirection proposal regions that may contain ships are generated by the RPN. Next, the global and local features of the proposal regions are combined as the whole features of the regions by a multiregion feature-fusion (MFF) module, which can provide more detailed information of the regions. Finally, the head network uses the whole features of the proposal regions for bounding-box recognition through multitask learning, including classification, regression, and incline direction prediction (left or right). The proposed method is tested and compared with other state-of-the-art ship-detection methods on two open remote-sensing data sets and some large-scale and real images. The experimental results validate that the proposed approach has achieved better performance.
The subgenus Rhizirideum in the genus Allium consists of 38 species worldwide and forms five sections (A. sect. Rhizomatosa, A. sect. Tenuissima, A. sect. Rhizirideum, A. sect. Eduardia, and A. sect. ...Caespitosoprason), A. sect. Caespitosoprason being merged into A. sect. Rhizomatosa recently. Previous studies on this subgenus mainly focused on separate sections. To investigate the inter-section and inter-subgenera phylogenetic relationships and adaptive evolution of A. subg. Rhizirideum, we selected thirteen representative species, which cover five sections of this subgenus and can represent four typical phenotypes of it. We conducted the comparative plastome analysis with our thirteen plastomes. And phylogenetic inferences with CDSs and complete sequences of plastomes of our thirteen species and another fifty-four related species were also performed. As a result, the A. subg. Rhizirideum plastomes were relatively conservative in structure, IR/SC borders, codon usage, and repeat sequence. In phylogenetic results, the inter-subgenera relationships among A. subg. Rhizirideum and other genus Allium subgenera were generally similar to the previous reports. In contrast, the inter-section relationships within our subgenus A. subg. Rhizirideum were newly resolved in this study. A. sect. Rhizomatosa and A. sect. Tenuissima were sister branches, which were then clustered with A. sect. Rhizirideum and A. sect. Eduardia successively. However, Allium Polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel, type species of A. sect. Caespitosoprason, was resolved as the basal taxon of A. subg. Rhizirideum. Allium siphonanthum J. M. Xu was also found in clade A. subg. Cyathophora instead of clade A. subg. Rhizirideum. The selective pressure analysis was also conducted, and most protein-coding genes were under purifying selection. At the same time, just one gene, ycf2, was found under positive selection, and another three genes (rbcL, ycf1a, ycf1b) presented relaxed selection, which were all involved in the photosynthesis. The low temperature, dry climate, and high altitude of the extreme habitats where A. subg. Rhizirideum species grow might impose intense natural selection forces on their plastome genes for photosynthesis. In summary, our research provides new insights into the phylogeny and adaptive evolution of A. subg. Rhizirideum. Moreover, we suggest that the positions of the A. subg. Rhizirideum species A. polyrhizum and A. siphonanthum should be reconsidered.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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