Friction stir welded (FSW) joints of conventional precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys usually fracture in the lowest hardness zone (LHZ) during tension testing. However, all of the FSW joints of a ...2198-T8 Al-Li alloy fractured in the stirred zone (SZ) instead of the LHZ with the welding parameters of 800rpm-200mm/min and 1600rpm-200mm/min under the condition that no welding defects existed in the SZ. The experiment results revealed that lazy S was not the dominant factor resulting in the unusual fracture. The SZ consisted of three subzones, i.e., the shoulder-affected zone, the pin-affected zone, and the transition zone between them. While the former two zones were characterized by fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains, incompletely dynamically recrystallized microstructure containing coarse elongated non-recrystallized grains was observed in the transition zone. The transition zone exhibited the lowest average Taylor factor in the SZ, resulting in a region that was crystallographically weak. Furthermore, obvious lithium segregation at grain boundaries was observed in the transition zone via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis, but not in the shoulder-affected zone or the pin-affected zone. The combined actions of both the two factors resulted in the appearance of preferential intergranular fracture in the transition zone and eventually caused the failure in the SZ. The lithium segregation at grain boundaries in the transition zone was closely associated with both the segregation in the base material and the partially dynamically recrystallized microstructure resulting from the inhomogeneous plastic deformation in the SZ.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A
bstract
Using 15
.
6 fb
−
1
of
e
+
e
−
collision data collected at twenty-four center-of-mass energies from 4
.
0 to 4
.
6 GeV with the BESIII detector, the helicity amplitudes of the process
e
+
e
...−
→
π
+
π
−
ω
are analyzed for the first time. Born cross section measurements of two-body intermediate resonance states with statistical significance greater than 5
σ
are presented, such as
f
0
(500),
f
0
(980),
f
2
(1270),
f
0
(1370),
b
1
(1235)
±
, and
ρ
(1450)
±
. In addition, evidence of a resonance state in
e
+
e
−
→
π
+
π
−
ω
production is found. The mass of this state obtained by line shape fitting is about 4
.
2 GeV/
c
2
, which is consistent with the production of
ψ
(4160) or
Y
(4220).
Highlights • Remifentanil induces upregulation of matured cathepsin S (CatS) in spinal microglia. • Contribution of CatS to remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia is linked to activation of NMDA receptor. ...• Minocycline inhibits CatS upregulation and hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil. • Upregulation of matured CatS depends on ROS released from spinal neurons.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Populus is a model system for investigating the wood development, crown formation, and disease resistance in perennial plants. AR2/ERF is a large family of transcription factors in plant, encoding ...transcriptional regulators with a variety of functions involved in the developmental and physiological processes. Here, starting from database of
Populus genome, we identified 200 AP2/ERF genes by
in silico cloning method using the AP2/ERF conserved domain amino acid sequence of
Arabidopsis thaliana as probe. Based on the number of AP2/ERF domains and the function of the genes, those AP2/ERF genes from
Populus were classified into four subfamilies named the AP2, DREB, ERF, RAV, and a soloist. Among these genes, the number genes of total AP2/ERF family genes, DREB subfamily, and ERF subfamily from
Populus trichocarpa were about 1.4–1.6-fold than those from
A. thaliana. The rates were very similar for the putative homologs between
Populus and
Arabidopsis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nursing homes (NHs) have been implicated as significant reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant organisms causing severe infectious disease. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of, ...and risk factors for, faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in seven NHs in Shanghai between March 2014 and May 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect genes coding for ESBLs and carbapenemases. NH records at individual-resident level and facility level were examined for potential risk factors. Four hundred and fifty-seven Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected of which 183 (46·92%) were colonized by ESBL-E. CTX-M enzymes (198/200, 99%) predominated, with CTX-M-14 (84/200, 42%) the most common types. Two carbapenemase producers harboured blaKPC-2. Resistance rates to carbapenems, TZP, AK, FOS, CL and TGC were low. History of invasive procedures odds ratio (OR) 2·384, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·318–4·310, P = 0·004, narrow-spectrum cephalosporins (OR 1·635, 95% CI 1·045–2·558, P = 0·031) and broad-spectrum cephalosporins (OR 3·276, 95% CI 1·278–8·398, P = 0·014) were independently associated with ESBL-E carriage. In conclusion, NH residents have a very high prevalence of faecal carriage of ESBL-E. Continuous and active surveillance is important, as are prudent infection control measures and antibiotic use to prevent and control the spread of these antibiotic-resistant strains.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A
bstract
The Born cross sections of the
e
+
e
−
→ D
*+
D
*
−
and
e
+
e
−
→ D
*+
D
−
processes are measured using
e
+
e
−
collision data collected with the BESIII experiment at center-of-mass ...energies from 4.085 to 4.600 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15
.
7 fb
−
1
. The results are consistent with and more precise than the previous measurements by the Belle, Babar and CLEO collaborations. The measurements are essential for understanding the nature of vector charmonium and charmonium-like states.
Germ cells are indispensable for gonadal development and fertility. However, the physiological mechanisms regulating germ cell development in marine fish are poorly understood due to a lack of germ ...cell markers. The dead end (dnd) gene is a vertebrate-specific component of germplasm crucial for primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and development in teleosts. In this study, we identified a dnd homologue (Smdnd) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and investigated its expression pattern during embryogenesis and gonadal development. The deduced amino acid sequence of Smdnd shared several conserved motifs of Dnd homologues as well as high identity to other Dnd proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SmDnd was closely related to its teleost counterparts. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization revealed that Smdnd transcripts could be exclusively detected in germ cells, including presumptive PGC and adult male and female germ cells. In addition, an interesting sexually dimorphic expression of Smdnd during gonadal development was observed by real-time PCR. Female turbot showed greater (P < 0.05) Smdnd expression than male before sex maturation. This difference reduced gradually due to the upregulation of Smdnd in the male during the period corresponding to spermatogonia proliferation and meiosis. These results indicate that Smdnd can be used as a germ cell marker in turbot. In addition, the temporal and sex differences in Smdnd expression indicate that this gene may play different roles in gonadal development in both sexes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) is a widely-used questionnaire for evaluating individuals' memory failures in everyday life. However, whether the scale is valid for ...different age groups and gender, and how memory complaints change with age and gender remains less clear. This study aimed to validate the self-report PRMQ in a large Chinese sample across adolescence and adulthood and investigate age-related changes and gender differences in self-report prospective memory (PM) and retrospective memory (RM). A total of 2528 healthy individuals aged from 13 to 96 completed the Chinese version of the PRMQ. Results revealed that the PM-RM correlated factor model was the best fit model with satisfactory reliability and had measurement invariance across gender and adjacent age groups. Adolescents and adults reported similar memory complaints, while older people stated more memory difficulties. Female participants reported more PM errors than male participants, but this gender difference only showed in adolescents and adults. Taken together, these findings not only support the Chinese version of the PRMQ as a valid tool for evaluating prospective and retrospective memory difficulties across gender and adjacent age groups, but also reveal age-related changes and gender difference on self-report memory.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The global climate system experienced a series of drastic changes during the Cenozoic. In Asia, these include the climate transformation from a zonal pattern to a monsoon-dominated pattern, the ...disappearance of typical subtropical aridity, and the onset of inland deserts. Despite major advances in the last two decades in characterizing and understanding these climate phenomena, disagreements persist relative to the timing, behaviors and underlying causes. This paper addresses these issues mainly based on two lines of evidence. First, we compiled newly collected data from geological indicators of the Cenozoic environment in China as paleoenvironmental maps of ten intervals. In confirming the earlier observation that a zonal climate pattern was transformed into a monsoonal one, the maps within the Miocene indicate that this change was achieved by the early Miocene, roughly consistent with the onset of loess deposition in China. Although a monsoon-like regime would have existed in the Eocene, it was restricted to tropical-subtropical regions. The latitudinal oscillations of the climate zones during the Paleogene are likely attributable to the imbalance in evolution of polar ice-sheets between the two hemispheres. Secondly, we examine the relevant depositional and soil forming processes of the Miocene loess-soil sequences to determine the circulation characteristics with emphasis on the early Miocene. Continuous eolian deposition in the middle reaches of the Yellow River since the early Miocene firmly indicates the formation of inland deserts, which have been constantly maintained during the past 22 Ma. Grain-size gradients between loess sections indicate northerly dust-carrying winds from northern sources, a clear indication of an Asian winter monsoon system. Meanwhile, well-developed Luvisols show evidence that moisture from the oceans reached northern China. This evidence shows the coexistence of two kinds of circulations, one from the ocean carrying moisture and another from the inland deserts transporting dust. The formation of the early Miocene paleosols resulted from interactive soil forming and dust deposition processes in these two seasonally alternating monsoonal circulations. The much stronger development of the early Miocene soils compared to those in the Quaternary loess indicates that summer monsoons were either significantly stronger, more persistent through the year, or both. These lines of evidence indicate a joint change in circulation and inland aridity by the early Miocene and suggest a dynamic linkage of them. Our recent sensitivity tests with a general circulation model, along with relevant geological data, suggest that the onset of these contrasting wet/dry responses, as well as the change from the "planetary" subtropical aridity pattern to the "inland" aridity pattern, resulted from the combined effects of Tibetan uplift and withdrawal of the Paratethys seaway in central Asia, as suggested by earlier experiments. The spreading of South China Sea also helped to enhance the south-north contrast of humidity. The Miocene loess record provides a vital insight that these tectonic factors had evolved by the early Miocene to a threshold sufficient to cause this major climate reorganization in Asia.
Helicity amplitude analysis of χcJ→ ϕϕ Balossino, I.; Bettoni, D.; Chen, G. ...
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2023, Volume:
2023, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
Using (447.9
±
2.3) million
ψ
(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, the decays of
χ
cJ
→ ϕϕ
(
J
= 0
,
1
,
2) have been studied via the decay
ψ
(3686)
→ γχ
cJ
. The branching ...fractions of the decays
χ
cJ
→ ϕϕ
(
J
= 0
,
1
,
2) are determined to be (8
.
59 ± 0
.
27 ± 0
.
20) × 10
−
4
, (4
.
26 ± 0
.
13 ± 0
.
15) × 10
−
4
, and (12
.
67 ± 0
.
28 ± 0
.
33) × 10
−
4
, respectively, which are the most precise measurements to date. From a helicity amplitude analysis of the process
ψ
(3686)
→ γχ
cJ
, χ
cJ
→ ϕϕ, ϕ → K
+
K
−
, the polarization parameters of the
χ
cJ
→ ϕϕ
decays are determined for the first time.
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