The sorghum-sudangrass hybrid is a vital annual gramineous herbage. Few reports exist on its ultra-high-density genetic map. In this study, we sought to create an ultra-high-density genetic linkage ...map for this hybrid to strengthen its functional genomics research and genetic breeding. We used 150 sorghum-sudangrass hybrid F2 individuals and their parents (scattered ear sorghum and red hull sudangrass) for high-throughput sequencing on the basis of whole genome resequencing. In total, 1,180.66 Gb of data were collected. After identification, filtration for integrity, and partial segregation, over 5,656 single nucleotide polymorphism markers of high quality were detected. An ultra-high-density genetic linkage map was constructed using these data. The markers covered approximately 2,192.84 cM of the map with average marker intervals of 0.39 cM. The length ranged from 115.39 cM to 264.04 cM for the 10 linkage groups. Currently, this represents the first genetic linkage map of this size, number of molecular markers, density, and coverage for sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The findings of this study provide valuable genome-level information on species evolution and comparative genomics analysis and lay the foundation for further research on quantitative trait loci fine mapping and gene cloning and marker-assisted breeding of important traits in sorghum-sudangrass hybrids.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We report new U-Pb isotopic data for detrital zircons from Cambrian-Ordovician strata on the northern margin of the western Yangtze Block, which together with published U-Pb isotopic data for coeval ...strata in the South China Block, provide critical constraints on the provenance of these sediments and further shed light on the early Palaeozoic position of the South China Block in the context of Gondwana. Detrital zircons in this study yield four major age peaks in the early Palaeoproterozoic, early Neoproterozoic, middle Neoproterozoic and late Neoproterozoic - early Palaeozoic. The dominant age population of 900-700 Ma matches well with magmatic ages from the nearby Panxi-Hannan Belt, which indicates that Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Yangtze Block were mainly of local derivation. However, compilations of detrital zircon ages for the Cambrian-Ordovician strata from the Cathaysia Block and the eastern Yangtze Block show that both blocks are dominated by late Mesoproterozoic- and early Neoproterozoic-aged detrital zircons, which suggests a remarkable exotic input with typical Gondwana signatures. According to the integrated detrital zircon age spectra of the Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks from the entire South China Block and palaeocurrent data, the South China Block should have been linked with North India and Western Australia within East Gondwana. Specifically, the Cathaysia Block was located adjacent to Western Australia, while the Yangtze Block was connected with North India.
The sorghum-sudangrass hybrid is a vital annual gramineous herbage. Few reports exist on its ultra-high-density genetic map. In this study, we sought to create an ultra-high-density genetic linkage ...map for this hybrid to strengthen its functional genomics research and genetic breeding. We used 150 sorghum-sudangrass hybrid F2 individuals and their parents (scattered ear sorghum and red hull sudangrass) for high-throughput sequencing on the basis of whole genome resequencing. In total, 1,180.66 Gb of data were collected. After identification, filtration for integrity, and partial segregation, over 5,656 single nucleotide polymorphism markers of high quality were detected. An ultra-high-density genetic linkage map was constructed using these data. The markers covered approximately 2,192.84 cM of the map with average marker intervals of 0.39 cM. The length ranged from 115.39 cM to 264.04 cM for the 10 linkage groups. Currently, this represents the first genetic linkage map of this size, number of molecular markers, density, and coverage for sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The findings of this study provide valuable genome-level information on species evolution and comparative genomics analysis and lay the foundation for further research on quantitative trait loci fine mapping and gene cloning and marker-assisted breeding of important traits in sorghum-sudangrass hybrids.
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•Baicalein improved insulin-resistance and systemic inflammation in diabetic rats.•Baicalein modulated gut microbiota composition and enhanced gut barrier function.•SCFA-producing ...bacteria were up-regulated and pathogens were down-regulated.•Bacteroidales S24-7 and Bacteroides were found to be putative beneficial bacteria.
Baicalein, a dietary flavonoid, is the major constituent of Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis which are consumed as teas or dietary supplements in Asia, European, and the United States. The compound exhibits a variety of bioactivities despite its limited bioavailability. In the present work, 4-week treatment of baicalein significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose and circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and improved insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipid profile in diabetic rats induced by STZ and high-fat-high-sugar-diet. These anti-diabetic effects were attributed to the increased SCFAs content and the increased thickness of gut mucus layer, and were associated with the modulation of gut microbiota. Among the key phylotypes, Bacteroides and Bacteroidales S24-7 had the highest relative abundance in the rats receiving high-dose baicalein and showed positive correlation with the phenotypes related to the improvement of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Our study supports the use of baicalein as a dietary supplement and a potential prebiotic for its ability to modify gut microbiota and to improve T2DM-related biochemical abnormalities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In plant chloroplasts, photosystem II (PSII) complexes, together with light‐harvesting complex II (LHCII), form various PSII‐LHCII supercomplexes (SCs). This process likely involves immunophilins, ...but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Here, by comparing Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the chloroplast lumen‐localized immunophilin CYCLOPHILIN28 (CYP28) to wild‐type and transgenic complemented lines, we determined that CYP28 regulates the assembly and accumulation of PSII‐LHCII SCs. Compared to the wild type, cyp28 plants showed accelerated leaf growth, earlier flowering time, and enhanced accumulation of high molecular weight PSII‐LHCII SCs under normal light conditions. The lack of CYP28 also significantly affected the electron transport rate. Blue native‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed more Lhcb6 and less Lhcb4 in M‐LHCII‐Lhcb4‐Lhcb6 complexes in cyp28 versus wild‐type plants. Peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity assays revealed that CYP28 exhibits weak PPIase activity and that its K113 and E187 residues are critical for this activity. Mutant analysis suggested that CYP28 may regulate PSII‐LHCII SC accumulation by altering the configuration of Lhcb6 via its PPIase activity. Furthermore, the Lhcb6‐P139 residue is critical for PSII‐LHCII SC assembly and accumulation. Therefore, our findings suggest that CYP28 likely regulates PSII‐LHCII SC assembly and accumulation by altering the configuration of P139 of Lhcb6 via its PPIase activity.
Chloroplast cyclophilin28 affects plant leaf growth, flowering time, and photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana, and this protein likely regulates Photosystem II‐Light‐harvesting complex II supercomplex assembly and accumulation by altering the configuration of proline 139 of Lhcb6 via its peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine extract, curcumin has been proven to be effective in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islet
cells in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes ...mellitus rat model, although the underlying mechanism has not yet been clarified. To examine the effect of curcumin on inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islet
cells, we established a type 2 diabetes rat model by feeding the animals a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin. The curcumin was administered by intraperitoneal injection. The rat body weight, fasting blood glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, and insulin tolerance tests were recorded and analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for morphological analysis, and a TUNEL assay was performed to detect the apoptotic cells. The expression levels of proteins related to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were detected by Western blotting and ELISA. Curcumin administration significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and promoted recovery of pancreas function in type 2 diabetes rats. In curcumin-treated rats, the pancreatic tissue destruction and apoptosis index were reduced. The expression of IL-1
, IL-6, TNF-
, caspase-3, Bax, and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced, and Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase 2, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased. Curcumin inhibited the expression of phosphorylated JNK and NF-
B proteins to block the RAGE/JNK/NF-
B signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicate that curcumin blocks the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-
B protein to inhibit this signaling pathway, thereby further inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islet
cells. Curcumin has potential value for the treatment of diabetes.
Microorganisms play an important role in the remediation of cadmium pollution in the soil and their diversity can be affected by cadmium. In this study, the bacterial community in arable soil samples ...collected from two near geographical sites, with different degrees of cadmium pollution at three different seasons, were characterized using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The result showed that cadmium is an important factor to affect the bacterial diversity and the microbial communities in the high cadmium polluted area (the site H) had significant differences compared with low cadmium polluted area (the site L). Especially, higher concentrations of Cd significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonas whereas decreased the abundance of Nitrospirae. Moreover, 42 Cd-resistant bacteria were isolated from six soil samples and evaluated for potential application in Cd bioremediation. Based on their Cd-MIC minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cd
2+
, Cd
2+
removal rate and 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, three
Burkholderia
sp. strains (ha-1, hj-2, and ho-3) showed very high tolerance to Cd (5, 5, and 6 mM) and exhibited high Cd
2+
removal rate (81.78, 79.37, and 63.05%), six
Bacillus
sp. strains (151-5,151-6,151-13, 151-20, and 151-21) showed moderate tolerance to Cd (0.8, 0.4, 0.8, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.4 mM) but high Cd
2+
removal rate (84.78, 90.14, 82.82, 82.39, 81.79, and 84.17%). Those results indicated that
Burkholderia
sp. belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and
Bacillus
sp. belonging to the phylum Firmicutes have developed a resistance for cadmium and may play an important role in Cd-contaminated soils. Our study provided baseline data for bacterial communities in cadmium polluted soils and concluded that Cd-resistant bacteria have potential for bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
Potato starch is an essential nutrient for humans and is widely used worldwide. Locating relevant genomic regions, mining stable genes and developing candidate gene markers can promote the breeding ...of new high-starch potato varieties. A total of 106 F1 individuals and their parents (YSP-4 × MIN-021) were used as test materials, from which 20 plants with high starch content and 20 with low starch content were selected to construct DNA pools for site-specific amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and bulked segregation analysis (BSA). A genomic region related to the starch traits was first identified in the 0-5.62 Mb of chromosome 2 in tetraploid potato. In this section, a total of 41 non-synonymous genes, which were considered as candidate genes related to the starch trait, were annotated through a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) search of multiple databases. Six candidate genes for starch (PGSC0003DMG400017793, PGSC0003DMG400035245, PGSC0003DMG400036713, PGSC0003DMG400040452, PGSC0003DMG400006636 and PGSC0003DMG400044547) were further explored. In addition, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites associated with the starch candidate genes. SNP-CAPS markers chr2-CAPS6 and chr2-CAPS21 were successfully developed and validated with the F2 population and 24 tetraploid potato varieties (lines). Functional analysis and cloning of the candidate genes associated with potato starch will be performed in further research, and the SNP-CAPS markers chr2-CAPS6 and chr2-CAPS21 can be further used in marker-assisted selection breeding of tetraploid potato varieties with high starch content.
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High-performance thermoelectric devices require materials with low lattice thermal conductivity (LTC). Many strategies, such as phonon engineering, have been undertaken to reduce the LTC without ...simultaneously decreasing the charge-transport performance. It is a simple and effective approach to use materials with a heavy element to reduce the LTC. Here, based on first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport equations for phonons, we found that the replacement of Zr with the heavy element Hf in ZrNCl did not reduce the LTC: instead, it increased it about four-fold at 300 K. This unusual LTC was attributed mainly to the dramatic enhancement in phonon lifetime in the Hf compound, which originated from strong interatomic bonding due to lanthanide contraction. Our findings unveil the microscopic mechanisms of the high thermal transport properties in materials with a heavy element. They also provide an alternative strategy for the design of materials with low LTC for thermoelectric applications, such as power restoration and generation.
An abnormal high lattice thermal conductivity for the heavy material driven by lanthanide contraction.
We were interested in how specific cultural value and adolescent social behavior would influence each other over time. Thus the present study explored the longitudinal and bidirectional relations ...between adolescents' power distance value and prosocial behavior toward powerful people over a year. A sample of 434 Chinese adolescents participated in the investigation (initial mean age = 11.27; 54.15% females). The results based on cross-lagged models showed that, earlier prosocial behavior toward powerful people was positively correlated to subsequent power distance value, but not vice versa. The findings point toward an understanding of the important role of adolescent social behavior on his/her cultural value development, and also shed light on future research in terms of the interplay between cultural values and individual's social behaviors in other cultures.
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