Older adults generally have low health and computer literacies, making it challenging for them to function well in the eHealth era where technology is increasingly being used in health care. Little ...is known about effective interventions and strategies for improving the eHealth literacy of the older population.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a theory-driven eHealth literacy intervention for older adults.
The experimental design was a 2 × 2 mixed factorial design with learning method (collaborative; individualistic) as the between-participants variable and time of measurement (pre; post) as the within-participants variable. A total of 146 older adults aged 56-91 (mean 69.99, SD 8.12) participated in this study during February to May 2011. The intervention involved 2 weeks of learning about using the National Institutes of Health's SeniorHealth.gov website to access reliable health information. The intervention took place at public libraries. Participants were randomly assigned to either experimental condition (collaborative: n = 72; individualistic: n = 74).
Overall, participants' knowledge, skills, and eHealth literacy efficacy all improved significantly from pre to post intervention (P < .001 in all cases; effect sizes were >0.8 with statistical power of 1.00 even at the .01 level in all cases). When controlling for baseline differences, no significant main effect of the learning method was found on computer/Web knowledge, skills, or eHealth literacy efficacy. Thus, collaborative learning did not differ from individualistic learning in affecting the learning outcomes. No significant interaction effect of learning method and time of measurement was found. Group composition based on gender, familiarity with peers, or prior computer experience had no significant main or interaction effect on the learning outcomes. Regardless of the specific learning method used, participants had overwhelmingly positive attitudes toward the intervention and reported positive changes in participation in their own health care as a result of the intervention.
The findings provide strong evidence that the eHealth literacy intervention tested in this study, regardless of the specific learning method used, significantly improved knowledge, skills, and eHealth literacy efficacy from pre to post intervention, was positively perceived by participants, and led to positive changes in their own health care. Collaborative learning did not differ from individualistic learning in affecting the learning outcomes, suggesting the previously widely reported advantages of collaborative over individualistic learning may not be easily applied to the older population in informal settings, though several confounding factors might have contributed to this finding (ie, the largely inexperienced computer user composition of the study sample, potential instructor effect, and ceiling effect). Further research is necessary before a more firm conclusion can be drawn. These findings contribute to the literatures on adult learning, social interdependence theory, and health literacy.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The COVID-19 pandemic has excluded older adults from a society based on physical social contact. Vulnerable populations like older adults also tend to be excluded from digital services because they ...opt not to use the internet, lack necessary devices and network connectivity, or inexperience using the technology. Older adults who are frail and are not online, many of whom are in long-term care facilities, struggle with the double burden of social and digital exclusion. This paper discusses the potential outcomes of this exclusion and provides recommendations for rectifying the situation, with a particular focus on older adults in long-term care facilities.
Highlights • It is necessary to promote sufficient skills in using ICTs. • Online services should offer functionalities tailored to low-literate individuals. • New health literacy screening tools are ...necessary to identify skills for adequate use of eHealth services.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Fluorescent materials exhibiting two‐photon induction (TPI) are used for nonlinear optics, bioimaging, and phototherapy. Polymerizations of molecular chromophores to form π‐conjugated structures were ...hindered by the lack of long‐range ordering in the structure and strong π–π stacking between the chromophores. Reported here is the rational design of a benzothiadiazole‐based covalent organic framework (COF) for promoting TPI and obtaining efficient two‐photon induced fluorescence emissions. Characterization and spectroscopic data revealed that the enhancement in TPI performance is attributed to the donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor configuration and regular intervals of the chromophores, the large π‐conjugation domain, and the long‐range order of COF crystals. The crystalline structure of TPI‐COF attenuates the π–π stacking interactions between the layers, and overcomes aggregation‐caused emission quenching of the chromophores for improving near‐infrared two‐photon induced fluorescence imaging.
A new image: A benzothiadiazole‐based covalent organic framework is reported to promote two‐photon induction and to overcome the aggregation‐caused emission quenching of the chromophores. The design improves upon current near‐infrared two‐photon induced fluorescence imaging techniques.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Lactate is a prominent energy substrate for oxidative tumor cells. Interfering with the lactate‐fueled respiration of oxidative tumor cells would be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer ...treatment. In this study, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (CHC) is incorporated into a porous Zr (IV)‐based porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (PZM) nanoparticle, to reduce the lactate uptake by inhibiting the expression of lactate‐proton symporter, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in tumor cells, thus transform lactate‐fueled aerobic respiration to anaerobic glycolysis. The alteration in energy supply can also decrease the oxygen consumption in tumor cells, which would facilitate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment. Moreover, hyaluronic acid (HA) is coated on the surface of PZM nanoparticles for CD44‐targeting and hyaluronidase‐induced intracellular drug releasing. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed good biocompatibility and enhanced PDT efficacy of the HA‐coated PZM nanoparticles (CHC‐PZM@HA) in tumor cells. The CHC‐PZM@HA platform will provide a new perspective in cancer therapy.
Enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) by inhibiting lactate uptake. Hyaluronic acid modified porphyrinic metal‐organic framework nanoparticles delivered MCT1 inhibitor into cancer cells. With the releasing of loaded drugs by enzymatic degradation, the aerobic respiration of lactate is disturbed and intratumoral oxygen pressure is upregulated. The nanocarrier system significant enhances the anticancer effect of PDT.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to analyze spatio-temporal changes in habitat quality in Guizhou Province during the 1990-2018 period and identify factors influencing habitat quality. Land-use data for the period ...were used to evaluate spatio-temporal variations in habitat quality using the InVEST model, and factors influencing habitat quality were analyzed using GeoDetector. According to the results, cultivated land and forestland decreased by 0.48% and 0.88%, respectively, during the study period. Grassland, water, and construction land areas increased, with construction land increasing the most (0.92%) followed by water area (0.37%). The main land-use changes included conversion of cultivated land to forestland, grassland, and construction land. The average habitat quality index for Guizhou Province changed from 0.633 to 0.627 over the 1990-2018 period, showing an overall downward trend. The distribution pattern of habitat quality was spatially "high in the north, south, and, east, and low in the west". High habitat quality areas were mainly located in the western part of Guizhou Province, whereas low habitat quality areas were located in the central region. Land-use was the major factor influencing the spatio-temporal variations in habitat quality, and the interactive effect between any two factors was stronger than that of a single factor. Natural factors and human factors co-dominated the temporal-spatial changes in habitat quality.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
What a turnover! An efficient chiral iridium catalyst that bears a tridentate spiro aminophosphine ligand catalyzes the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones with excellent enantioselectivities (up to ...99.9 % ee) and extremely high turnover numbers (TONs; as high as 4 550 000).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are discharged into air by combustion of gasoline and energy is input in a passenger internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) system through lifecycle phases. ...Thus, this study aims to evaluate the lifecycle carbon emissions and primary energy input of passenger ICEVs. With the life cycle assessment method, the calculations of carbon emission intensity and energy input intensity of materials used in lifecycle phases were made. The results show that the total lifecycle gasoline consumption of a vehicle was estimated to be 33,000 kg and the lifecycle CO2 emissions reached 81,311 kg per vehicle. Lifecycle CO2 emissions in use period occupied 89.43%, mainly attributed to the combustion of petrol. The average lifecycle CO2 emission intensity of the materials used was 2.33 kg/kg. The lifecycle carbon footprint of the passenger ICEVs was 163 g/km. The total CO2 emissions of ICEVs in Beijing were largest of all cities due to the maximum owning amount. The ratio of total lifecycle CO2 emissions of ICEVs in 13 large cities studied in this work to those of nationwide ICEVs was 0.179. Thus, more new energy vehicles will be given the prioritized choice in the future.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The security threats caused by the popularity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have received much attention. In this paper, a UAV detection and identification system based on WiFi signal and radio ...frequency (RF) fingerprint is proposed. The system firstly conducts UAV detection and after the UAV is detected, fractal dimension (FD), axially integrated bispectra (AIB), and square integrated bispectra (SIB) are extracted as UAV RF fingerprints due to their applicability and reliability. Furthermore, we propose weighted AIB and SIB fingerprints to identify UAVs. Since the high dimensionality of AIB and SIB features, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is applied to reduce the dimensionality of these two features. Then the neighborhood component analysis (NCA) algorithm is utilized to weight the dimensions of the two features, AIB and SIB. The extracted UAV fingerprints are stored as training data and test data, respectively. Finally, machine learning algorithms are utilized to identify UAVs. The identification results are as follows: In the indoor scenario, the average identification accuracy of three features (FD, AIB, SIB) are 100%, 97.23%, and 96.11%, respectively. In outdoor scenario, the identification accuracy of three features are 100%, 95.00%, and 93.50%, respectively.
Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) vary with individuals, and in practice, measuring HRTFs with high directional resolution for each individual is tiresome. Based on a basis functions ...representation of HRTFs, the present work proposes a method for recovering individual HRTFs from a small set of measurements. The HRTFs are represented by a combination of a small set of spatial basis functions (SBFs) with frequency- and individual-dependent weights. The SBFs are derived by applying spatial principal component analysis to a baseline HRTF dataset with high directional resolution. The individual weights for any subject outside the dataset are estimated from measurements at a few source directions, and then the HRTFs with high directional resolution are recovered by combining the SBFs and the individual weights. In an illustrative case, the SBFs derived from a baseline dataset that includes 20 subjects are used to recover the HRTF magnitudes for six subjects outside the baseline dataset. Results show that individual HRTF magnitudes can be recovered from measurements at 73 directions with a mean signal-to-distortion ratio of 19 dB. The proposed method is also applicable to recovering head-related impulse responses. The results of psychoacoustic experiments indicate that in most cases the recovered and measured HRTFs are indistinguishable.
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