Cancer cells modulate their metabolic activities to adapt to their growth and proliferation. Despite advances in breast cancer biology having led to the widespread use of molecular targeted therapy ...and hormonal drugs, the molecular mechanisms in metabolism related to the regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the possible role of SHMT2, a key enzyme in serine metabolism, in breast cancer. Firstly, SHMT2 is found highly expressed in both breast cancer cells and tissues, and patients with high expression of SHMT2 have a worse prognosis. Moreover, the intervention of SHMT2 by either knockdown or over-expression in vitro induces the effect on breast cancer proliferation. Mechanistically, RNA-seq shows that over-expression of SHMT2 affect multiple signaling pathways and biological process in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we confirm that SHMT2 promotes breast cancer cell growth through MAPK and VEGF signaling pathways. Finally, we verify the role of SHMT2 in promoting breast cancer growth in the xenograft tumor model. Our results indicate that SHMT2 plays a critical role in regulating breast cancer growth through MAPK, and VEGF signaling pathways, and maybe serve as a therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
To analyze the effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on platelet (PLT) reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in patients with multiple ...myeloma (MM).
The clinical data of 147 MM patients who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and received APBSCT as the first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether rhTPO was used during APBSCT, the patients were divided into rhTPO group (80 cases) and control group (67 cases). The time of PLT engraftment, blood product infusion requirements, the proportion of patients with PLT recovery to≥50×10
/L and≥100×10
/L at +14 days and +100 days after transplantation, and adverse reactions including the incidence of bleeding were compared between the two groups.
There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, M protein type, PLT count at the initial diagnosis, median duration of induction therapy before APBSCT, and number of CD34
cells reinfuse
Parental behaviors are key in shaping children's psychological and behavioral development, crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues, reducing psychological trauma in ...childhood.
To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.
From October 2017 to May 2018, 7 kindergartens in Ma'anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire - Health Development Survey of Preschool Children. Children's Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (Parent Version) was applied to measures the children's behavioral and emotional performance. Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory. Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children's behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.
High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems, abnormal hyperactivity, abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems. High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children. High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms, abnormal conduct problems, abnormal hyperactivity, abnormal peer interaction, and abnormal total difficulty scores in children (all
< 0.05). Moreover, paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors (all
> 0.05), after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.
Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children. Overall, the more supportive or involved the parents are, the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience; conversely, the more hostile or controlling the parents are, the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face. Moreover, the impact of fathers' parenting behaviors on preschool children's behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers' parenting behaviors.
Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) are major repair pathways of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The pathway choice of HR and NHEJ is tightly regulated in cellular ...response to DNA damage. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of TIP60 with DNA-PKcs is attenuated specifically in S phase, which facilitates HR pathway activation. SUMO2 modification of TIP60 K430 mediated by PISA4 E3 ligase blocks its interaction with DNA-PKcs, whereas TIP60 K430R mutation recovers its interaction with DNA-PKcs, which results in abnormally increased phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs S2056 in S phase and marked inhibition of HR efficiency, but barely affects NHEJ activity. TIP60 K430R mutant cancer cells are more sensitive to radiation and PARP inhibitors in cancer cell killing and tumor growth inhibition. Collectively, coordinated regulation of TIP60 and DNA-PKcs facilitates HR pathway choice in S-phase cells. TIP60 K430R mutant is a potential target of radiation and PARPi cancer therapy.
A series of new hemiphasmidic side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) polymers (P-
n
, where
n
is the number of methylene units in the spacer,
n
= 2, 6, 10, 14) were synthesized. The azobenzene containing ...hemiphasmidic mesogens are linked to a polymethacrylate main-chain through flexible spacers. The chemical structures of the monomers and polymers were confirmed by various characterization techniques. All of the P-
n
s exhibit enantiotropic LC phase behavior, which is influenced greatly by varying the spacer length. Specifically, P-2 and P-6 exhibit a hexagonal columnar (Φ
H
) phase. As longer spacers are introduced, P-10 and P-14 can form a centered rectangular columnar (Φ
R
) phase at low temperatures, which will change into the Φ
H
phase upon heating. The lattice dimensions of the columnar (Φ) phases are pretty large, approaching 9 nm when
n
increases to 14. This indicates that the column of the Φ phase of P-
n
is constructed from several chains laterally assembled together. For P-10 and P-14, the transition of Φ
H
-Φ
R
may be associated with the change in chain numbers of the supramolecular column. As the transition temperature is close to the glass transition temperature, the kinetics of the Φ
H
-to-Φ
R
transition of P-10 becomes very slow.
Hemiphasmidic side-chain liquid-crystal polymers form different columnar phases depending on the spacer length
n
and temperature
T
.
The relationship between metabolites and multiple myeloma (MM) is becoming a research focus in the field. In this study, we performed metabolic profiling of multiple myeloma and identified potential ...metabolites associated with clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis of the disease. Fifty-five patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma and thirty-seven healthy controls from August 2016 to October 2017 were randomly collected. The serum metabolic profiling was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique and underwent statistical analysis. Twenty-seven metabolites were found to be significantly different between healthy controls and multiple myeloma patients. Eleven metabolites were significantly elevated, while sixteen metabolites were decreased in the multiple myeloma population. Metabolic changes were also observed in patients with renal impairment and bone destruction. Levels of urea were significantly decreased after treatment while levels of hypotaurine showed significant increase in the good-effect group (P<0.05), but not in the no-good-effect group (P>0.05). In multivariate statistical analyses, high cysteine and high hypotaurine are independent risk factors for poor treatment outcome. After adjustment for critical clinical characteristics, patients with high levels of glycolic acid and xylitol were found to be less likely to experience disease progression. Multiple myeloma demonstrates different metabolic characteristics compared with the healthy population. Among multiple myeloma patients, renal impairment and bone destruction showed additional metabolic characteristics. Cysteine and hypotaurine have value in predicting the treatment outcome, while glycolic acid and xylitol may be important prognostic factors for multiple myeloma.
With the purpose to overcome the numerical instabilities and to generate more distinct structural layouts in the topology optimization, by using bilinear interpolation function, a topology ...optimization model of density interpolation based on nodal density is established, smooth density field is constructed. This method can ensure that the density field in the fixed design domain owns C0 continuity, and checkerboard patterns are naturally avoided in the nature of mathematics. After adding the sensitivity filtering, the optimal structures are smoother and have lesser details, which is helpful for manufacturing. Two numerical examples show that not only checkerboard pattern can be solved by the proposed method, but also the middle density nodal can be suppressed effectively.
Graft copolymers of maleic anhydride(MAH)/ nitrile rubber(NBR) (MAH-g-NBR) were prepared by graft copolymerization in tetrahydrofuran solvent using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiater and MAH as ...grafting monomer. Influence of MAH and BPO amounts and reaction temperature on grafting ratio was investigated. The obtained product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the graft copolymer had two distinct mass-losing stages. The first stage which occurred at about 152 Ti was attributed to decarboxylation, the second stage (about 360 degree C) resulted from degradation of NBR, indicating the existence of MAH-g-NBR. The grafting ratio reached up to maximum of 4.12% when the amounts of NBR, MAH, BPO were 1, 1.3, 0.08 g, respectively and the reaction temperature was 65 degree C.
This review focuses on the application of process engineering in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices innovation. For polymer electrolyte based devices, it highlights that a ...strategic simple switch from proton exchange membranes（PEMs） to hydroxide exchange membranes（HEMs） may lead to a new-generation of affordable electrochemical energy devices including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and solar hydrogen generators. For lithium-ion batteries, a series of advancements in design and chemistry are required for electric vehicle and energy storage applications. Manufacturing process development and optimization of the LiF eP O_4/C cathode materials and several emerging novel anode materials are also discussed using the authors＇ work as examples.Design and manufacturing process of lithium-ion battery electrodes are introduced in detail, and modeling and optimization of large-scale lithium-ion batteries are also presented. Electrochemical energy materials and device innovations can be further prompted by better understanding of the fundamental transport phenomena involved in unit operations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
At present, most TiAl components are produced by an investment casting process. Environmental and economic pressures have, however, resulted in a need for the industry to improve the current casting ...quality, reduce manufacturing costs and explore new markets for the process. Currently, the main problems for investment casting of TiAl alloys are cracks, porosities, and surface defects. To solve these problems, many studies have been conducted around the world, and it is found that casting defects can be reduced by improving composition and properties of the shell molds. It is important to make a summary for the related research progress for quality improvement of TiAl castings. So, the development on refractory composition of shell molds for TiAl alloy investment castings was reviewed, and research progress on deformability of shell mold for TiAl alloy castings both at home and abroad in recent years was introduced. The existing methods for deformability characterization and methods for improving the deformability of shell molds were summarized and discussed. The updated advancement in numerical simulation of TiAl alloy investment casting was presented, showing the necessity for considering the deformability of shell mold during simulation. Finally, possible research points for future studies on deformability of shell mold for TiAl alloy investment casting were proposed.
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