Spin current historically referred to the flow of electrons carrying spin information, in particular since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance in the 1980s. Recently, it has been found that spin ...current can also be mediated by spin-triplet supercurrent, superconducting quasiparticles, spinons, magnons, spin superfluidity and so on. Here, we review key progress concerning the developing research direction utilizing spin current as a probe of quantum materials. We focus on spin-triplet superconductivity and spin dynamics in the ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures, quantum spin liquids, magnetic phase transitions, magnon-polarons, magnon-polaritons, magnon Bose-Einstein condensates and spin superfluidity. The unique characteristics of spin current as a probe will be fruitful for future investigation of spin-dependent properties and the identification of new quantum materials.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Vibrational spectroscopy has been extensively applied to the study of molecules in gas phase, in condensed phase, and at interfaces. The transition from spectroscopy to spectroscopic imaging of ...living systems, which allows the spectrum of biomolecules to act as natural contrast, is opening new opportunities to reveal cellular machinery and to enable molecule-based diagnosis. Such a transition, however, involves more than a simple combination of spectrometry and microscopy. We review recent efforts that have pushed the boundary of the vibrational spectroscopic imaging field in terms of spectral acquisition speed, detection sensitivity, spatial resolution, and imaging depth. We further highlight recent applications in functional analysis of single cells and in label-free detection of diseases.
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Theory Theory of Coherent Raman Scattering, Eric Olaf Potma and Shaul MukamelCoherent Raman Scattering under Tightly Focused Conditions, Eric Olaf Potma, Xiaoliang Sunney Xie, Andreas Volkmer, and ...Ji-Xin ChengPlatformsConstruction of a Coherent Raman Microscope, Brian G. Sarr and Xiaoliang Sunney XieStimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy, Christian Freudiger and Xiaoliang Sunney XieFemtosecond versus Picosecond Pulses for Coherent Raman Microscopy, Mikhail N. Slipchenko, Delong Zhang, and Ji-Xin ChengWide-Field CARS Microscopy, Alexander Jesacher, Gregor Thalhammer, Stefan Bernet, and Monika Ritsch-MarteVibrational Spectromicroscopy by Coupling Coherent Raman Imaging with Spontaneous Raman Spectral Analysis, Mikhail N. Slipchenko and Ji-Xin ChengCoherent Control in CARS, Jonathan M. Levitt, Ori Katz, and Yaron SilberbergFourier Transform CARS Microscopy, Jennifer P. OgilvieCRS with Alternative Beam Profiles, Varun Raghunathan, Hyunmin Kim, Stephan Stranick, and Eric Olaf PotmaVibrational Phase Microscopy, Martin Jurna, Cees Otto, and Herman L. OfferhausMultiplex CARS Microscopy, James P.R. Day, Katrin F. Domke, Gianluca Rago, Erik M. Vartiainen, and Mischa BonnInterferometric Multiplex CARS, Sang-Hyun LimPhotonic Crystal Fiber-Based Broadband CARS Microscopy, Marcus T. Cicerone, Young Jong Lee, Sapun H. Parekh, and Khaled A. AamerMultiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy, Dan Fu and Xiaoliang Sunney XieApplicationsImaging Myelin Sheath Ex Vivo and In Vivo by CARS Microscopy, Yan Fu, Yunzhou (Sophia) Shi, and Ji-Xin ChengImaging Lipid Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans and Other Model Organisms, Helen Fink, Christian Brackmann, and Annika EnejderLipid-Droplet Biology and Obesity-Related Health Risks, Thuc T. LeWhite Matter Injury: Cellular-Level Myelin Damage Quantification in Live Animals, Erik Bélanger, F.P. Henry, R. Vallée, M.A.
Randolph, I.E. Kochevar, J.M. Winograd, Charles P. Lin, and Daniel CôtéCARS Microscopy Study of Liquid Crystals, Heung-Shik Park and Oleg D. LavrentovichLive Cell Imaging by Multiplex CARS Microspectroscopy, Hideaki Kano Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging of Drug Delivery Systems, Ling Tong and Ji-Xin ChengApplications of Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy, Christian Freudiger, Daniel A. Orringer, and Xiaoliang Sunney XieApplications of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Imaging to Cardiovascular Diseases, Han-Wei Wang, Michael Sturek, and Ji-Xin ChengApplications of CARS Microscopy to Tissue Engineering, Annika Enejder and Christian BrackmannDietary Fat Absorption Visualized by CARS Microscopy, Kimberly K. BuhmanIndex.
A cooperative interface constructed by “lithiophilic” nitrogen‐doped graphene frameworks and “sulfiphilic” nickel–iron layered double hydroxides (LDH@NG) is proposed to synergistically afford ...bifunctional Li and S binding to polysulfides, suppression of polysulfide shuttles, and electrocatalytic activity toward formation of lithium sulfides for high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries. LDH@NG enables high rate capability, long lifespan, and efficient stabilization of both sulfur and lithium electrodes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Exploring advanced strategies in alleviating the thermal runaway of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is critically essential. Herein, a novel electrolyte system with thermoresponsive characteristics is ...designed to largely enhance the thermal safety of 1.0 Ah LMBs. Specifically, vinyl carbonate (VC) with azodiisobutyronitrile is introduced as a thermoresponsive solvent to boost the thermal stability of both the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and electrolyte. First, abundant poly(VC) is formed in SEI with thermoresponsive electrolyte, which is more thermally stable against lithium hexafluorophosphate compared to the inorganic components widely acquired in routine electrolyte. This increases the critical temperature for thermal safety (the beginning temperature of obvious self‐heating) from 71.5 to 137.4 °C. The remained VC solvents can be polymerized into poly(VC) as the battery temperature abnormally increases. The poly(VC) can not only afford as a barrier to prevent the direct contact between electrodes, but also immobilize the free liquid solvents, thereby reducing the exothermic reactions between electrodes and electrolytes. Consequently, the internal‐short‐circuit temperature and “ignition point” temperature (the starting temperature of thermal runaway) of LMBs are largely increased from 126.3 and 100.3 °C to 176.5 and 203.6 °C. This work provides novel insights for pursuing thermally stable LMBs with the addition of various thermoresponsive solvents in commercial electrolytes.
A thermoresponsive electrolyte is introduced into a working cell to relieve the exothermic reactions between electrodes and electrolytes, the internal short circuit. The critical temperature for thermal safety, “ignition point” of battery, and internal‐short‐circuit temperature of batteries with thermoresponsive electrolyte increase from 71.5, 100.3, and 126.3 °C to 137.4, 203.6, and 176.5 °C compared with routine electrolyte.
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Serious safety risks caused by the high reactivity of lithium metal against electrolytes severely hamper the practicability of lithium metal batteries. By introducing unique polymerization site and ...more fluoride substitution, we built an in situ formed polymer‐rich solid electrolyte interphase upon lithium anode to improve battery safety. The fluorine‐rich and hydrogen‐free polymer exhibits high thermal stability, which effectively reduces the continuous exothermic reaction between electrolyte and anode/cathode. As a result, the critical temperature for thermal safety of 1.0 Ah lithium‐LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cell can be increased from 143.2 °C to 174.2 °C. The more dangerous “ignition” point of lithium metal batteries, the starting temperature of battery thermal runaway, has been dramatically raised from 240.0 °C to 338.0 °C. This work affords novel strategies upon electrolyte design, aiming to pave the way for high‐energy‐density and thermally safe lithium metal batteries.
The high reactivity of lithium metal against electrolytes is tamed by introducing a polymer‐rich solid electrolyte interphase in situ on the lithium anode. The fluorine‐rich and hydrogen‐free polymer provides both high thermal and electrochemical stability, enhancing the safety and lifespan of lithium‐LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cells. The “ignition” temperature of the battery can be increased to 338.0 °C benefiting from excellent electrolyte design.
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Weyl nodes are topological objects in three-dimensional metals. Whereas the energy of the lowest Landau band of a conventional Fermi pocket increases with magnetic field due to the zero-point energy ...(1/2planckω), the lowest Landau band of Weyl cones stays at zero energy unless a strong magnetic field couples Weyl fermions of opposite chirality. In the Weyl semimetal TaP, which possesses two types of Weyl nodes (four pairs of W1 and eight pairs of W2 nodes), we observed such a magnetic coupling between the electron pockets arising from the W1 Weyl fermions. As a result, their lowest Landau bands move above the chemical potential, leading to a sharp sign reversal in the Hall resistivity at a specific magnetic field corresponding to the separation in momentum space of the W1 Weyl nodes, . By contrast, annihilation is not observed for the hole pocket because the separation of the W2 Weyl nodes is much larger. These findings reveal the nontrivial topology of Weyl fermions in high-field transport measurements and demonstrate the observation of Weyl node annihilation, which is a unique topological phenomenon associated with Weyl fermions.
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