ABSTRACT
Fast transitions between different types of power density spectra (PDS) happening over time-scales of several tens of seconds are rare phenomena in black hole X-ray binaries. In this paper, ...we report a broad-band spectral-timing analysis of the fast transitions observed in the 2021 outburst of GX 339−4 using NICER and Insight-HXMT observations. We observe transitions between band-limited noise-dominated PDS and type-B quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), and their rapid appearance or disappearance. We also make a detailed comparison between the fast transitions in GX 339−4 with those seen in MAXI J1820+070 and MAXI J1348−630. By comparing the spectra of the periods with and without type-B QPOs, we find that the spectral ratios above 10 keV are nearly constant or slightly decreasing, and the values are different between sources. Below 10 keV, the flux change of the Comptonization component is inversely proportional to the flux change of the thermal component, suggesting that the appearance of type-B QPOs is associated with a redistribution of the accretion power between the disc and the Comptonizing emission region. The spectral ratios between the periods with type-B QPO and those with broad-band noise are significantly different from that with type-B QPO and without type-B QPO, where the ratios (type-B QPO/broad-band noise) show a maximum at around 4 keV and then decrease gradually towards high energies. Finally, we discuss the possible change of the geometry of the inner accretion flow and/or jet during the transitions.
Abstract
The flare-associated stellar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) of solar-like and late-type stars profoundly impact the habitability of any expolanets in the systems. In this paper, we report the ...detection of flare-associated CMEs for two M-dwarfs, thanks to a high-cadence survey carried out by the Ground Wide-angle Camera system and fast photometric and spectroscopic follow-ups. The flare energies in the
R
band are determined to be 1.6 × 10
35
erg and 8.1 × 10
33
erg based on modeling of their light curves. The time-resolved spectroscopic observations start at about 20 and 40 minutes after the trigger in both cases. The large projected maximum velocity of ∼500–700 km s
−1
suggests that the high-velocity wings of their H
α
emission lines most likely result from CME events in both stars, after excluding the possibility of chromospheric evaporation and coronal rain. The masses of the CMEs are estimated to be 1.5–4.5 × 10
19
g and 7.1 × 10
18
g.
Compelling evidence supports the important role of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of major depression and also as a target for rapid-acting antidepressants. However, the functional ...role of glutamate release/transmission in behavioral processes related to depression and antidepressant efficacy remains to be elucidated. In this study, glutamate release and behavioral responses to tail suspension, a procedure commonly used for inducing behavioral despair, were simultaneously monitored in real time. The onset of tail suspension stress evoked a rapid increase in glutamate release in hippocampal field CA3, which declined gradually after its offset. Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors by intra-CA3 infusion of MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, reversed behavioral despair. A subpopulation of granule neurons that innervated the CA3 region expressed leptin receptors and these cells were not activated by stress. Leptin treatment dampened tail suspension-evoked glutamate release in CA3. On the other hand, intra-CA3 infusion of NMDA blocked the antidepressant-like effect of leptin in reversing behavioral despair in both the tail suspension and forced swim tests, which involved activation of Akt signaling in DG. Taken together, these results suggest that the DG-CA3 glutamatergic pathway is critical for mediating behavioral despair and antidepressant-like responses to leptin.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A previous study of ours indicated that enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate ...the potential diagnostic utility of EZH2 in HCC.
Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression dynamics of EZH2 in two independent surgical cohorts of HCC and non-malignant liver tissues to develop a diagnostic yield of EZH2, HSP70 and GPC3 for HCC detection. The diagnostic performances of EZH2 and a three-marker panel in HCC were re-evaluated by using an additional biopsy cohort.
Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of EZH2 for HCC detection was 95.8% and 97.8% in the testing cohort. Similar results were confirmed in the validation cohort. For diagnosis of well-differentiated HCCs, the sensitivity and specificity were 68.9% and 91.5% for EZH2, 62.5% and 98.5% for HSP70, 50.0% and 92.1% for GPC3, and 75.0% and 100% for a three-marker panel. In biopsies, positive cases for at least one marker increased from large regenerative nodule and hepatocellular adenoma (0/12) to focal nodular hyperplasia (2/20), dysplastic nodule (7/25), well-differentiated HCC (16/18) and moderately and poorly differentiated HCC (54/54). When at least two positive markers were considered, regardless of their identity, the positive cases were detected in 0/12 large regenerative nodules and hepatocellular adenomas, 0/20 focal nodular hyperplasias, 0/25 dysplastic nodules, 11/18 well-differentiated HCCs, 32/37 moderately differentiated HCCs and 15/17 poorly differentiated HCCs.
Our findings suggest that EZH2 protein, as examined by immunohistochemistry, may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker of HCCs, and the use of a three-marker panel (EZH2, HSP70 and GPC3) can improve the rate of detection of HCCs in liver biopsy tissues.
Abstract
We report the detection and follow-up of a superstellar flare GWAC 181229A with an amplitude of Δ
R
∼ 9.5 mag on an M9-type star by SVOM/GWAC and the dedicated follow-up telescopes. The ...estimated bolometric energy
E
bol
is (5.56–9.25) × 10
34
erg, which makes the event one of the most powerful flares seen on ultracool stars. The magnetic strength is inferred to be 3.6–4.7 kG. Thanks to sampling with a cadence of 15 s, a new component near the peak time with a very steep decay is detected in the
R
-band light curve, followed by the two-component flare template given by Davenport et al. An effective temperature of 5340 ± 40 K is measured by fitting a blackbody shape to the spectrum in the shallower phase during the flare. The filling factors of the flare are estimated to be ∼30% and 19% at the peak time and at 54 minutes after the first detection. The detection of this particular event with large amplitude, huge emitted energy, and a new component demonstrates that high-cadence sky monitoring cooperation with fast follow-up observations is very important for understanding the violent magnetic activity.
The magmatism in the early Permian Tarim large igneous province (TLIP) in NW China is represented by basaltic lava flows in Keping and ultramafic-mafic-felsic intrusions and mafic dikes in Bachu, ...northwestern Tarim Craton. This paper reports new Ar-Ar dating results and chemical compositions of Keping basalts and Bachu dikes, with aims of better characterizing the timing of and mantle/crustal contribution to the TLIP. The Keping basalts yield two well-defined 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 287.3 ± 4.0 Ma and 287.9 ± 4.1 Ma, which, together with age data from the literature, define a magmatic event at ~289 Ma. The intrusions and dikes in Bachu are believed to have formed at ~279 Ma based on screened literature data. Thus, they together define two magmatic episodes. The Keping basalts, representing the earlier episode, have alkaline affinity (SiO2 = 44.0-47.9 wt.%, Na2O + K2O = 3.7-4.9 wt.%), low MgO (4.3-5.9 wt.%) and high TiO2 (3.8-5.1 wt.%) contents, showing fractionated chondrite-normalized LREE and nearly flat HREE patterns (La/Yb)N = 6.27-7.71; (Dy/Yb)N = 1.36-1.48 with noticeable negative Nb and Ta anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram. They have negative and relatively uniform ...(t) (-2.3 to -3.8) and low (206Pb/204Pb)i (17.43-17.57). We argue that these "crustal signatures" cannot be attributed to crustal assimilation because neither ...(t) nor (206Pb/204Pb)i correlates with SiO2; rather they are more likely derived from a sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source metasomatized by subduction-related processes. The Bachu dikes, representing the later episode and confined to the margins of the Tarim Craton, have similar MgO (3.6-5.4 wt.%) and TiO2 (3.1-4.7 wt.%) contents to the Keping basalts, and display more fractionated REE patterns (La/Yb)N = 10.1-14.0; (Dy/Yb)N = 1.79-1.99. They have variable isotope compositions ...(t) = -0.3-4.8, (206Pb/204Pb)i = 17.50-18.11 and display OIB-like trace element signatures. Correlations between isotopic and trace element ratios indicate that some dikes with low ...(t) and low initial Pb isotope ratios could have been subjected to crustal assimilation. We propose a model involving plume-lithosphere interaction to account for the two discrete magmatic episodes with distinct mantle sources in the TLIP. The earlier episode was formed in response to the impact of a sub-lithospheric mantle plume at the base of the SCLM. Partial melting of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle was triggered by temperature increase due to conductive heating of the impregnating mantle plume. The later episode was generated by decompression melting of the mantle plume, as a result of deflection of the plume towards the margins of the Tarim Craton with thinner lithosphere. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Patients with psoriasis are at an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, a systematic analysis of its global prevalence has not been performed to date. Here, we performed a systematic ...review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of MetS among patients with psoriasis. We searched five databases from inception through September 2021 and used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) tools to assess observational study quality. Stata SE 15.1 was used to perform the data analysis. Subgroup, meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate interstudy heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's and Begg's linear tests. The global prevalence of MetS in patients with psoriasis was 32% (95% confidence interval CI, 0.26–0.38). The prevalence in adults was 32% (95% CI, 0.29–0.36), while that in children and adolescents was 9% (95% CI, 0.00–0.18). Latin America had the highest prevalence of 47% (95% CI, 0.43–0.51), whereas North America had the lowest prevalence of 26% (95% CI, 0.16–0.37). Patients with psoriasis vulgaris (29%; 95% CI, 0.23–0.35) or severe psoriasis (37%; 95% CI, 0.27–0.46) had a higher prevalence of MetS than those with other psoriasis types. These findings suggest that MetS should be appropriately recognized and managed in patients with psoriasis. More population‐based prospective observational studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of MetS in patients with psoriasis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The main purpose of this article is to present several new statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against a class of alternative models, under which DNA polymorphisms tend to exhibit excesses ...of rare alleles or young mutations. Another purpose is to study the powers of existing and newly developed tests and to examine the detailed pattern of polymorphisms under population growth, genetic hitchhiking and background selection. It is found that the polymorphic patterns in a DNA sample under logistic population growth and genetic hitchhiking are very similar and that one of the newly developed tests, Fs, is considerably more powerful than existing tests for rejecting the hypothesis of neutrality of mutations. Background selection gives rise to quite different polymorphic patterns than does logistic population growth or genetic hitchhiking, although all of them show excesses of rare alleles or young mutations. We show that Fu and Li's tests are among the most powerful tests against background selection. Implications of these results are discussed.
Objective: The mechanism of Wendan Decoction (WDD) against Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) was predicted by network pharmacology and validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The ...targets of WDD for the treatment of GAD were obtained by a search of online databases. Further, PPI network and KEGG enrichment were used to identify the key targets and pathways. Ultimately, these key targets and pathways were validated by in vivo experiments on GAD mice modeled by repeated restraint stress (RRS) and in vitro experiments on inflammatory factor stimulated BV-2 cells. Results: Through searching the databases, the 137 ingredients of WDD that correspond to 938 targets and 4794 targets related to GAD were identified. Among them, 569 overlapping targets were considered as the therapeutic targets of WDD for GAD. PPI analysis showed that the inflammation-related proteins IL-6, TNF, SRC and AKT1 were the key targets, and KEGG enrichment suggested that PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways were key pathways of WDD in the treatment of GAD. In vivo experiments, RRS mice exhibited abnormality in behavioristics in open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) and increases in serum corticosterone and the percentage of lymphocytes positive for IL-6 in peripheral blood. These abnormal changes can be reversed by WDD and the positive control drug paroxetine. In vitro experiments, WDD can inhibit IL-6 induced activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in BV2 cells, and suppress the ensuing release of inflammatory factors TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and PGE2, and showed a dosedependent effect. Conclusion: WDD is able to resist GAD by relieving inflammatory response in peripheral and central system. Keywords: Wendan Decoction, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, network pharmacology, Interleukin-6, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway
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