We have previously shown that miR-486-5p is one of the most downregulated micro RNAs in lung cancer. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of miR-486-5p in the progression and ...metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated miR-486-5p expression status on 76 frozen and 33 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of NSCLC by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR to determine its clinicopathologic significance. We then performed function analysis of miR-486-5p to determine its potential roles on cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. We also investigated the target genes of miR-486-5p in lung tumorigenesis. miR-486-5p expression level was significantly lower in lung tumors compared with their corresponding normal tissues (P<0.0001), and associated with stage (P=0.0001) and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (P=0.0019). Forced expression of miR-486-5p inhibited NSCLC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in mice by inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-486-5p in cancer cells reduced ARHGAP5 expression level, whereas miR-486-5p silencing increased its expression. Luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-486-5p could directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of ARHGAP5. The expression level of miR-486-5p was inversely correlated with that of ARHGAP5 in lung tumor tissues (P=0.0156). Reduced expression of ARHGAP5 considerably inhibited lung cancer cell migration and invasion, resembling that of miR-486-5p overexpression. miR-486-5p may act as a tumor-suppressor contributing to the progression and metastasis of NSCLC by targeting ARHGAP5. miR-486-5p would provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the disease.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The maize crop is used as food for humans, livestock and poultries forms, it is also used in bread making, corn flakes, corn syrup, corn starch and corn oils. The field study consisted of one ...experimental trial, about the incidence of that insect pest complex on maize cultivar Azam during the Kharif season 2020 at the Agricultural, Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra. The trial was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and then it was divided into three replications. The result obtained from the trial showed that a number of the pest species were recorded during the experimental period; however, the population was noticed at a low level. The obtained insect species were corn leaf aphid (6.90 ± 5.5) per square inch, corn leafhopper (1.32 ± 0.63), maize stem borer (0.63 ± 0.29), corn flea beetle (0.43 ± 0.28), Thrips (0.38 ± 0.22), Hairy caterpillar (0.21 ± 0.22), Grasshopper (0.17 ± 0.11) and shoot fly (0.11 ± 0.08) throughout the season.
•A concept of HTGR and renewable hybrid system is suggested.•Control simulations for the HTGR and renewable hybrid system are conducted.•The hybrid system can compensate perturbating renewable power ...generation.
A hybrid system combining nuclear energy from a high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) and renewable energy from solar and wind is investigated for its ability to compensate the characteristic effects of intermittent and perturbating performance of the renewable energy power generation to provide electric grid stability. The HTGR considered employs a direct cycle gas turbine for power generation while cogenerating heat for industrial use as such hydrogen production. The hybridization with renewable energy takes advantage of two intrinsic design features of the HTGR system, namely, the agile power maneuvering of the gas turbine and the existential massive capacity of heat in the reactor graphite core. The former, performed through a new proposal of using the inventory and bypass control devices already built in the gas turbine, is found to be effective and efficient to compensate for the intermittent power generation including hourly to daily variation of renewable energy. The reactor thermal power remains at constant full power while the heat output is increased or decreased subject to the need of reactor power generation. On the other hand, the massive heat capacity stored the HTGR graphite core is shown to be sufficient to compensate for the perturbating power generation of renewable energy on a time scale of seconds to minutes and up to about 20 percent of the rated power output of the nuclear plant. Similarly, no additional control devices, only a new proposal of using the existing devices, are required to perform this control operation. These findings demonstrate the technical and economic potential of the HTGR system to maintain the stability of a grid being incorporated with significant portfolios of renewable energy power generation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Superconductivity in the iron pnictides is often closely connected to a nematic state in which the tetragonal symmetry of the crystal is spontaneously broken. Determining the dominant interactions ...responsible for this symmetry breaking is essential to understanding the superconducting state. Here, we use atomic-resolution variable-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to probe the nanoscale electronic structure of the nematically ordered, parent pnictide NaFeAs and compare it with non-nematic LiFeAs. Local electronic nematicity is only manifest in NaFeAs and is found to persist to high temperatures in the nominally tetragonal phase of the crystal. The spatial distribution and energy dependence of the electronic anisotropy at high temperatures is explained by the persistence of large-amplitude, short-range, unidirectional, antiferroic fluctuations, indicating that strong density-wave fluctuations exist and couple to near-Fermi surface electrons even far from the structural and density-wave phase boundaries.
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IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Context. Lithium has long been recognized as a powerful tool for investigating the internal mixing of low-mass stars. In addition, accurate measurements of lithium abundances in young solar-type ...stars provide independent and reliable age diagnostics. Aims. To study the relationship between lithium and activity in normal solar type-type stars and determine the effectiveness of lithium and kinematics as activity indicators, we perform a lithium survey of nearby late-type stars. We search for nearby young solar-type stars and investigate the relationship between lithium abundances and X-ray activity by measuring log Lx. Methods. On the basis of high-resolution spectroscopic observations, we derived the lithium abundances of 33 young solar-type stars by comparing the measured Li I λ 670.8 nm equivalent widths with the curve of growth calculations in non-LTE (NLTE) conditions. Results. We obtain the lithium abundances of a sample of young solar-type stars. Using the lithium abundance and X-ray luminosity, Lx, we investigate the relationship between Li abundance and X-ray activity. We find a clear correlation between lithium abundance (log N(Li)) and X-ray luminosity, log Lx, for our sample stars. Conclusions. As the X-ray luminosity, Lx, becomes stronger, the lithium abundance decreases in our sample (11 pre-main-sequence, 15 zero-age-main-sequence, and 7 young main-sequence) stars. The results imply that there is a large number of solar-type stars. A correlation appears to exist between Li abundance and age, thus confirming the presence of very active young stars close to the Sun.
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FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
The collection and dissemination of vertebrate ichnological data is struggling to keep up with techniques that are becoming commonplace in the wider palaeontological field. A standard protocol is ...required to ensure that data is recorded, presented and archived in a manner that will be useful both to contemporary researchers, and to future generations. Primarily, our aim is to make the 3D capture of ichnological data standard practice, and to provide guidance on how such 3D data can be communicated effectively (both via the literature and other means) and archived openly and in perpetuity. We recommend capture of 3D data, and the presentation of said data in the form of photographs, false‐colour images, and interpretive drawings. Raw data (3D models of traces) should always be provided in a form usable by other researchers (i.e. in an open format). If adopted by the field as a whole, the result will be a more robust and uniform literature, supplemented by unparalleled availability of datasets for future workers.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Runx2 gene product is essential for mammalian bone development. In humans, Runx2 haploinsufficiency results in cleidocranial dysplasia, a skeletal disorder characterized by bone and dental ...abnormalities. At the molecular level, Runx2 acts as a transcription factor for genes expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Runx2 gene expression and protein function are regulated on multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modification. Furthermore, Runx2 is involved in numerous protein-protein interactions, most of which either activate or repress transcription of target genes. In this review, we discuss expression of Runx2 during development as well as the post-translational regulation of Runx2 through modification by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation.
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CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To build machine learning-based radiomics models to discriminate between high- (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and to compare the effectiveness of three-dimensional arterial spin labelling ...(3D-ASL) to evaluate which is a better method.
We retrospectively analysed the magnetic resonance imaging T1WI-enhanced images of 105 patients with gliomas that were pathologically confirmed in our hospital. We divided the patients into a training group and a verification group at a ratio of 8:2; 200 patients from the Brain Tumour Segmentation Challenge 2020 were selected as the test group for image segmentation, feature extraction and screening. We constructed models using multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine, random forest and logistic regression and evaluated their predictive performance. We obtained the mean maximum relative cerebral blood flow (rCBFmax) value from 3D-ASL of 105 patients from the hospital to evaluate its efficacy in discriminating between HGGs and LGGs.
In machine learning, the MLP classifier model exhibited the best performance in discriminating between HGGs and LGGs; the areas under the curve obtained by MLP and rCBFmax were 0.968 versus 0.815 (verification group) and 0.981 versus 0.815 (test group), respectively. The machine learning-based MLP classifier model performed better in discriminating between HGGs and LGGs than 3D-ASL.
In our study, we found that machine learning-based radiomics models and 3D-ASL were valuable in discriminating between HGGs and LGGs and between them, the machine learning-based MLP model had better diagnostic performance.
•We analysed the two methods that have been shown to have good diagnostic performance in previous studies.•We compared their ability to discriminate between HGGs and LGGs.•The aim was to identify a better imaging method for preoperative diagnosis and treatment of patients.•We found that machine learning-based radiomics models and 3D-ASL were valuable in discriminating between HGGs and LGGs.•Between them, the machine learning-based MLP model had better diagnostic performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Owing to its low cost, short process and low energy consumption, semi-solid processing (SSP) of aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) alloys has been considered as a competitive approach to fabricate ...complicated components with excellent performance. Over the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in deeply understanding the SSP process, the microstructure and performance of the fabricated components in China. This paper starts with a retrospective overview of some common slurry preparation methods, followed by presenting the performance and the underlying mechanisms of SSP fabricated alloys. Then, the mainstream opinions on the microstructure evolution and rheological flow behavior of semi-solid slurry are discussed. Subsequently, the general situation and some recent examples of industrial applications of SSP are presented. Finally, special attention is paid to the unresolved issues and the future directions in SSP of Al and Mg alloys in China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
. To develop, characterize and improve upon a high-resolution 3D printed radioluminescence-based imaging phantom for quality assurance (QA) of a robotic arm linear accelerator.
. A phantom was ...constructed which consisted of a scintillating sheet, fiducial markers, a low-cost complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera and a 3D printed light-tight enclosure. The camera, equipped with a 12 mm lens, was angled 45 degrees from the horizontal axis with a direct line of sight of the scintillating sheet. A perspective image transformation with optical distortion correction was employed to obtain beam's eye view images for different collimators. Beam profiles, Iris™ field size, multileaf collimator leaf positioning and central laser-radiation field coincidence QA tests were performed and compared against data obtained with gafchromic film. The phantom's short-term stability, sensitivity to changes in output, field size and leaf positioning were also assessed.
. The limiting resolution of the optical system was measured to be ∼0.26 mm. Field size, as measured by the radioluminescence system for Iris apertures, agreed to within 0.2 mm of the values measured using film. The imaging system was sensitive to field size changes well below 0.2 mm and output changes as small as 1 monitor unit (MU). For the optical setup, the mean leaf deviation error for banks
1 and
2 was 0.21 and 0.17 mm at 800 mm source to axis distance, whereas the mean difference for the film dataset was 0.16 mm and 0.22 mm for banks
1 and
2, respectively. The optical system was able to detect leaf positioning errors as small as 0.2 mm. Compared with film data, excellent agreement was seen for relative central axis beam profiles for 10 mm and 5 mm beams.
. The phantom presented here is an alternative to film and electronic portal imager devices, due to its low-cost, portability, and high spatial and temporal resolution.
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