Solar Energy Storage Using a ZnS Thin Film Li Baojun, Liang Junbao, Jiang Xingyou, Zhou Meng, Li Wei, Na Yianling, Li Tiansi
Energy sources,
12/2000, Volume:
22, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In use of solar energy, the most disadvantageous factor is its discontinuity. On overcast and rainy days or during the night, without sunshine, solar energy systems will stop working. To overcome ...this defect, the usual method is to use photoelectric and photothermic transformation to store solar energy. But because the efficiency of the photoelectric and photothermic systems is low and cost is high, the problem of storing solar energy becomes one of the most essential problems which must be solved. This article introduces ZnS thinfilm storing solar energy. This film can store solar energy and radiate visible light without photoelectric and photothermic middle transformation processes. This method is a new way to use solar energy.
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The infrared glass introduced in this chapter can transmit all the visible light and most of the infrared light in solar spectrum. It can also reflect the long-wave infrared radiation from indoor ...objects to prevent the loss of heat, so the purpose of increasing heat and reducing heat loss can be attained. The window pane of buildings is the main component for buildings to get solar energy. It is also the main way to exchange heat with environment. As for the ordinary window pane, it can transmit ail the visible light in solar spectrum, but it does not transmit the infrared radiation. The energy of infrared radiation is 45.71% of the incident solar energy, namely ordinary window pane will lose about 40% of solar radiation energy and this is a serious waste. With enhanced transmitted film, the transmission performances of the windows pane are highly enhanced and rooms of buildings can get more solar energy.
This chapter discusses the research on storing solar energy principle by the ZnS thin film. This chapter introduces ZnS thin film storing solar energy. This film can store solar energy and radiates ...visible light without photoelectric and photothermic middle transformation process. This method is new one to use solar energy.This chapter illustrates that, in use of solar energy, the most disadvantage factor is its discontinuity. In the overcast and rain days or on the night, without sunshine, utilization system of solar energy can stop working. To overcome this defect, usual method is using photoelectric and photothermic transformation to story solar energy. But because efficiency of the photoelectric and photothermic is low and cost is high, the storing solar energy problem become one of the most essential problem which must be solved.
This chapter analyses the photoelectron movement and storing energy characteristic in the process making hydrogen. The change of solar energy chiefly has two kinds of forms: solar energy is changed ...into the electric energy using the solar cell and solar energy is changed to thermal energy using the solar energy collector. The changing efficiency of these methods is low and storing the energy is also difficult. The influence of time, season, weather, and region is very notable. The function of high polymer material as photoactive preparation and quenching preparation can decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen in the photoelectron movement reaction, so as to change solar energy into the chemical energy. This method uses chemical way to store energy. On oxidizing efficiency and difficulty, the oxidizing reaction of four electrons shift is better than single electron.
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•PO4-biochars (PBs) were prepared by pretreating bamboo sawdust with phytic acid.•High surface areas, large pore volumes, abundant P contents were achieved compatibly.•The PBs ...exhibited excellent sorption capacities and favorable selectivity for U(VI).•The PBs could be well regenerated by Na2CO3 and reused after six recycles.
Properly engineering of surface functionality and structural porosity is critical to improve the sorption performance of biochars. Herein, we report a facile one-pot preparation of phosphate group-functionalized biochars (PBs) derived from bamboo sawdust by engineering with phytic acid prior to pyrolysis. High specific surface areas (629, 1298 and 1109 m2·g−1), large pore volumes (0.332, 0.919 and 0.789 cm3·g−1), and abundant phosphorous contents (1.14, 3.32 and 1.53 at.%) are achieved compatibly for the PBs pyrolyzed at given temperatures (i.e., 300, 450 and 600 °C) which are significantly higher than those of pristine biochars. Phytic acid not only releases hydrogen protons to tailor biochar matrixes to make micropores created and further developed, but also provides organic phosphorous-containing moiety to guarantee the surface phosphate functionality. PBs extract U(VI) from aqueous media efficiently, i.e., equilibrium achieved within 8 h, high sorption capacity of 229.2 mg·g−1 (at pH 4.0, T 298 K), and favorable selectivity towards U(VI) against the interference of coexisting metal ions. PBs can be regenerated by 0.1 mol·L−1 Na2CO3 and reused well after six recycles. This present work provides a path for the design and synthesis of advanced biochars with favorable potentials in the extraction of U(VI)-containing effluents.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ammonia synthesis by the electrochemical technique is a promising solution to replace the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process in industry, which inevitably requires high-performance catalysts. ...However, the development of catalysts is still limited by the inferior activation of the stable N&z.tbd;N bond. Herein, a robust N
2
-activation mode is proposed, which addresses the electron donation mechanism to both the N
2
antibonding orbitals of p
y
and p
z
, simultaneously. Following this strategy, the single cluster catalyst (SCC) of Fe
4
/GaS has realized remarkable nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance with an ultra-low overpotential (
η
) of 0.08 V by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. N
2
is completely activated in a side-on adsorption configuration on the hollow site of Fe
4
/GaS, where both degenerate N
2
-π* orbitals are properly hybridized to the frontier orbitals of the Fe
4
cluster, as proven by fragment orbital analysis. This work proposes an efficient strategy for N
2
activation, and also provides a valid design guideline for further research.
A robust N
2
activation mode is proposed
via
transferring electrons to the N
2
-π* orbitals, p
y
and p
z
.
2D metallic TaS2 is acting as an ideal platform for exploring fundamental physical issues (superconductivity, charge‐density wave, etc.) and for engineering novel applications in energy‐related ...fields. The batch synthesis of high‐quality TaS2 nanosheets with a specific phase is crucial for such issues. Herein, the successful synthesis of novel vertically oriented 1T‐TaS2 nanosheets on nanoporous gold substrates is reported, via a facile chemical vapor deposition route. By virtue of the abundant edge sites and excellent electrical transport property, such vertical 1T‐TaS2 is employed as high‐efficiency electrocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction, featured with rather low Tafel slopes ≈67–82 mV dec−1 and an ultrahigh exchange current density ≈67.61 µA cm−2. The influence of phase states of 1T‐ and 2H‐TaS2 on the catalytic activity is also discussed with the combination of density functional theory calculations. This work hereby provides fundamental insights into the controllable syntheses and electrocatalytic applications of vertical 1T‐TaS2 nanosheets achieved through the substrate engineering.
Vertically oriented 1T‐TaS2 nanosheets are first synthesized on nanoporous gold (NPG) substrates, via the chemical vapor deposition route. By virtue of the abundant edge sites and excellent electrical transport property, such vertical 1T‐TaS2/NPG are employed as high‐efficiency electrocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction. The influence of the phase states of TaS2 on the catalytic activity is also explored according to theoretical calculations.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
