This paper introduced a novel high performance algorithm and VLSI architectures for achieving bit plane coding (BPC) in word level sequential and parallel mode. The proposed BPC algorithm adopts the ...techniques of coding pass prediction and parallel & pipeline to reduce the number of accessing memory and to increase the ability of concurrently processing of the system, where all the coefficient bits of a code block could be coded by only one scan. A new parallel bit plane architecture (PA) was proposed to achieve word-level sequential coding. Moreover, an efficient high-speed architecture (HA) was presented to achieve multi-word parallel coding. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed PA could reduce the hardware cost more efficiently, though the throughput retains one coefficient coded per clock. While the proposed HA could perform coding for 4 coefficients belonging to a stripe column at one intra-clock cycle, so that coding for an N×N code-block could be completed in approximate N2/4 intra-clock cycles. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed designs have high throughput rate with good performance in terms of speedup to cost, which can be good alternatives for low power applications.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A unified very large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture with butterflies that can perform photo core transform (PCT) in JPEG XR image compression is presented. The proposed architecture can ...achieve the unified architecture design, which supports the three elemental operations of PCT, and it has the characteristics of lower hardware cost, shorter critical path, lower power consumption, more efficient hardware utilisation and regular structure for VLSI implementation. Finally, the implementation on Altera field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices validates the effectiveness of the design.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Efficient reconfigurable VLSI architecture for 1-D 5/3 and 9/7 wavelet transforms adopted in JPEG2000 proposal, based on lifting scheme is proposed. The embedded decimation technique based on fold ...and time multiplexing, as well as embedded boundary data extension technique, is adopted to optimize the design of the architecture. These reduce significantly the required numbers of the multipliers, adders and registers, as well as the amount of accessing external memory, and lead to decrease efficiently the hardware cost and power consumption of the design. The architecture is designed to generate an output per clock cycle, and the detailed component and the approximation of the input signal are available alternately. Experimental simulation and comparison results are presented, which demonstrate that the proposed architecture has lower hardware complexity, thus it is adapted for embedded applications. The presented architecture is simple, regular and scalable, and well suited for VLSI implementation.
•Topological clustering (TC) algorithm to remove the mismatches is discussed.•Clustering Pairing Consensus (CPC) algorithm is proposed to estimate fundamental matrix.•A thorough experimental ...comparison of CPC algorithm with the state of the art is demonstrated.
The problem of automatic robust estimation of the epipolar geometry for wide-baseline image pair is difficult because the putative correspondences include a low percentage of inlier correspondences, and it could become a severe problem when the veridical data are themselves degenerate or near-degenerate. In this paper, Clustering Pairing Consensus (CPC) algorithm is proposed to estimate the fundamental matrix. The CPC algorithm first produces the Matched Regions Clusters (MRCs) using topological clustering (TC) algorithm given a scale parameter. An estimation is produced from each valid pair of MRCs and is then provided to M-estimation to compute a fundamental matrix. Finally, the best one is chosen as the final model from all the estimation. The proposed CPC algorithm has been demonstrated to be able to effectively estimate fundamental matrix and avoid the degeneracy of the traditional method for some difficult image pairs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Non-local sparsity has been widely concerned in image compressive sensing. Considering the difference of distribution characteristic of among group-based sparse coefficients of image, a new method ...for image compressive sensing reconstruction (ICSR) is proposed based on the z-scores standardized group sparse representation (ZSGSR). Here, the similar patch groups of the image are firstly extracted and decomposed by adaptive PCA dictionary, then the resulting coefficients are normalized using z-score standardization in component-wise, and used to regularize compressive sensing recovery with l 1 norm term. The reconstruction model is solved by splitting Bregman iteration and soft threshold shrinking algorithm. The z-score standardization in group-based transformation domain effectively can improve the sparse representation ability of the image and better restore the edges and texture details in ICSR. Using objective and subjective quality evaluation, extensive experimental results verify the effectiveness of this method.
In this study, a novel solid-state Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sandwiched immunosensor for sensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) was constructed based on poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) ...functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PEI-rGO) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Both PEI and PAMAM are polymers with a lot of amino groups, which are able to serve as good co-reactant to remarkably enhance the ECL signal of Ru(bpy)32+. For improving the poor conductivity of PAMAM, the AuNPs were decorated on the amino groups of PAMAM. Through Au-N bonds, the formed AuNPs-PAMAM was decorated on the PEI-rGO. The obtained AuNPs-PAMAM/PEI-rGO was introduced to immobilize the detection antibody (Ab2). Then, the Ab2 labeled AuNPs-PAMAM/PEI-rGO was modified onto the glass carbon electrode surface via sandwiched immunoreactions. The ECL substrate was prepared by mixing nafion and the complex (Ru-PtNPs) of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) and Ru(bpy)32+, which could reduce the consumption of Ru complex, simplify the operation and enhance the ECL efficiency. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed immunosensor had good response to AFP. The linear range was from 0.01pgmL−1 to 10ngmL−1 with a low detection limit of 3.3fgmL−1. Meanwhile, with satisfying stability, selectivity and reproducibility, the proposed sandwiched immunosensor was presented to possess good potential in clinical detection.
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•PEI-rGO acts as co-reactant and immobilized platform in the same time, which simplifies the preparation of the sensor.•AuNPs-PAMAM can effectively immobilize a large number of the antibody and dramatically enhance the ECL signal.•The immunosensor for AFP detection exhibits high sensitivity, good stability and satisfying selectivity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In this study, a novel solid-state Ru(bpy) sub(3) super(2+) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sandwiched immunosensor for sensitive detection of alpha -fetoprotein (AFP) was constructed based on ...poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PEI-rGO) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Both PEI and PAMAM are polymers with a lot of amino groups, which are able to serve as good co-reactant to remarkably enhance the ECL signal of Ru(bpy) sub(3) super(2+). For improving the poor conductivity of PAMAM, the AuNPs were decorated on the amino groups of PAMAM. Through Au-N bonds, the formed AuNPs-PAMAM was decorated on the PEI-rGO. The obtained AuNPs-PAMAM/PEI-rGO was introduced to immobilize the detection antibody (Ab sub(2)). Then, the Ab sub(2) labeled AuNPs-PAMAM/PEI-rGO was modified onto the glass carbon electrode surface via sandwiched immunoreactions. The ECL substrate was prepared by mixing nafion and the complex (Ru-PtNPs) of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) and Ru(bpy) sub(3) super(2+), which could reduce the consumption of Ru complex, simplify the operation and enhance the ECL efficiency. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed immunosensor had good response to AFP. The linear range was from 0.01 pg mL super(-1) to 10 ng mL super(-1) with a low detection limit of 3.3 fg mL super(-1). Meanwhile, with satisfying stability, selectivity and reproducibility, the proposed sandwiched immunosensor was presented to possess good potential in clinical detection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nanoscale carbon dots (CDs) have drawn increasing attention in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors for biotoxin detection owing to their many merits including excellent optical, electric and ...photoelectric properties. In this work, a novel strategy is proposed to improve the photoelectrical response performance of CDs by taking advantage of the synergistic effect of nitrogen and sulfur co-doping and copper phthalocyanine non-covalent functionalization approaches, which rightly adjusts the energy level of CDs, optimization of intimate interfacial contact, extension of the light absorption range, and enhancement of charge-transfer efficiency. This work demonstrates that heteroatom doping and chemical functionalization can endow CDs with various new and improved physicochemical, optical, and structural performances. This synergy contributes enormously to the molecular imprinting photoelectrochemical (MIP-PEC) sensor for toxin detection, and the work typically provided a wide linear range of 0.01 to 1000 ng mL
−1
with a detection limit of 0.51 pg mL
−1
for ochratoxin A (OTA).
Rightly adjusting the energy level; optimization of intimate interfacial contact; extension of the light absorption range; and enhancement of charge-transfer efficiency.
FWGP activates the immune system (TUM7P.930) Abuhay, Mastewal; O'Donnell, Robert; Ma, Yunpeng ...
The Journal of immunology (1950),
05/2014, Volume:
192, Issue:
1_Supplement
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Abstract
The immune system is an essential defense against malignancy; immunosuppression increases the risk of developing cancer. A better understanding of how to modulate the immune system may lead ...to new methods to prevent and treat disease. While recent developments in targeted immunomodulation have improved cancer treatments, most therapeutics are toxic, expensive, or have marginal efficacy. We developed a natural product derived from fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) that acts as an immune modulator. Through further purification we identified protein components, (fermented wheat germ proteins, FWGP), that are more potent than FWGE. In vitro, FWGP was cytotoxic against B cancer cells with IC50s ranging from 10μg/ml to 17.5μg/ml. In vivo studies showed substantial efficacy without toxicity. We found that FWGP was a potent immune modulator. It increased CD4+ T cells, NK-T cells, & activated monocytes by 4, 10, & 50 folds, respectively, while decreasing CD8+ T cells. CD56-bright NK cells treated with FWGP increased compared to the heat-inactivated FWGP treatment, and NK-mediated IFN-γ production rose as FWGP increased. Also, FWGP (0.1 mg/ml) activated complement with 2-fold potency compared to either control or FWGE (55mg/ml). It enhanced ADCC as well; PBMCs treated with FWGP showed a dose dependent increase in killing of Ramos. FWGP’s in vivo efficacy could be due to its immune modulating effects and may be the basis for a non-toxic treatment for lymphoma and other malignancies.
