Solid electrolytes (SEs) can potentially address the inherent safety problems of conventional organic liquid electrolytes. However, their low ionic conductivity and large interfacial resistance limit ...the practical applications of SEs. Here, a flexible solid electrolyte with a multilayer structure is fabricated by the UV curing of an interpenetrating network of poly(ether‐acrylate) (ipn‐PEA) in the Na3Zr2Si2PO12/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) porous skeleton (NZSP/PVDF‐HFP), exhibiting a high Na+ transference number of 0.63 and a suitable ionic conductivity of above 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C. In addition, due to the unique structure of the internal rigidity and external flexibility, the composite solid electrolyte can effectively mitigate interfacial ion transfer issues while guaranteeing a certain mechanical strength, and largely inhibiting the formation of dendrite and dead sodium. The solid sodium metal batteries using Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) as a cathode possess a discharge capacity of 85 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, and achieve above 90% of capacity retention rate during 100 cycles at 0.1 C for Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2 (NTMO) at 60 °C. The flexible solid electrolyte with multilayer structure shows a great advantage for managing the ionic conductivity and interface resistance problem, suggesting a promise as a practical sodium metal battery.
A flexible composite electrolyte with a sandwich structure (CESS) is fabricated by the UV curing of poly(ether‐acrylate) (ipn‐PEA) in a Na3Zr2Si2PO12/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) porous skeleton (NZSP/PVDF‐HFP). The internal rigidity and external flexibility of the CESS multilayer structure can effectively mitigate interfacial ion transfer issues while conferring a degree of mechanical strength, as such it shows tremendous application potential for sodium metal batteries.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with extremely skewed ethnic and geographic distributions. Increasing evidence indicates that targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) ...represents a promising therapeutic approach in NPC, highlighting an urgent need to deepen the understanding of the complex NPC TME. Here, we generated single-cell transcriptome profiles for 7581 malignant cells and 40,285 immune cells from fifteen primary NPC tumors and one normal sample. We revealed malignant signatures capturing intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity and predicting aggressiveness of malignant cells. Diverse immune cell subtypes were identified, including novel subtypes such as CLEC9A
dendritic cells (DCs). We further revealed transcriptional regulators underlying immune cell diversity, and cell-cell interaction analyses highlighted promising immunotherapeutic targets in NPC. Moreover, we established the immune subtype-specific signatures, and demonstrated that the signatures of macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), CLEC9A
DCs, natural killer (NK) cells, and plasma cells were significantly associated with improved survival outcomes in NPC. Taken together, our findings represent a unique resource providing in-depth insights into the cellular heterogeneity of NPC TME and highlight potential biomarkers for anticancer treatment and risk stratification, laying a new foundation for precision therapies in NPC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A hybrid solid/liquid electrolyte with superior security facilitates the implementation of high‐energy‐density storage devices, but it suffers from inferior chemical compatibility with cathodes. ...Herein, an optimal lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate salt was introduced to build in situ an amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) between Ni‐rich cathodes and hybrid electrolyte. The CEI preserves the surface structure with high compatibility, leading to enhanced interfacial stability. Meanwhile, the space‐charge layer can be prominently mitigated at the solid/solid interface via harmonized chemical potentials, acquiring promoted interfacial dynamics as revealed by COMSOL simulation. Consequently, the amorphous CEI integrates the bifunctionality to provide an excellent cycling stability, high Coulombic efficiency, and favorable rate capability in high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries, innovating the design philosophy of functional CEI strategy for future high‐energy‐density batteries.
The CEI's advantage: An amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) with superior chemical compatibility and plasticity was formed via in situ LiDFOB conversion. It endows high‐voltage hybrid solid/liquid batteries with significantly enhanced interfacial stability, durability, and dynamics.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this mini- review, the homogeneous and heterogeneous EAOPs-oxidant processes were summarized of. The reaction mechanisms of different EAOPs combined with different oxidants are elucidated in ...detail, as well as the synergistic effect for improving the treatment efficiency.
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The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have been extensively applied in the treatment of organic pollutants degradation. Herein, the mini review provides the coupling systems about EAOPs and different oxidants (e.g., persulfate (PS), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and ozone (O3)), including EAOPs-PS systems, EAOPs-PMS systems, EAOPs-peroxone systems, and photoelectro-oxidants systems, for the organic compounds degradation. The coupling system of EAOPs with oxidants is an effective way to improve the generated free radicals (e.g., HO and SO4−) concentration and to accelerate pollutant degradation. In this review, we make a summary of the homogeneous and heterogeneous EAOPs-oxidant processes. The reaction mechanisms of EAOPs combined with different oxidants are elucidated in detail, as well as the synergistic effect for improving the degradation and mineralization efficiency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Single-atom catalysts not only maximize metal atom efficiency, they also display properties that are considerably different to their more conventional nanoparticle equivalents, making them a ...promising family of materials to investigate. Herein we developed a general host-guest strategy to fabricate various metal single-atom catalysts on nitrogen-doped carbon (M
/CN, M = Pt, Ir, Pd, Ru, Mo, Ga, Cu, Ni, Mn). The iridium variant Ir
/CN electrocatalyses the formic acid oxidation reaction with a mass activity of 12.9 Formula: see text whereas an Ir/C nanoparticle catalyst is almost inert (~4.8 × 10
Formula: see text). The activity of Ir
/CN is also 16 and 19 times greater than those of Pd/C and Pt/C, respectively. Furthermore, Ir
/CN displays high tolerance to CO poisoning. First-principle density functional theory reveals that the properties of Ir
/CN stem from the spatial isolation of iridium sites and from the modified electronic structure of iridium with respect to a conventional nanoparticle catalyst.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Quaternary glacial climate oscillation and geographical isolation have significantly influenced the geographic distribution pattern and lineage evolution history of species. However, understanding ...how these factors specifically impact the genealogical structure of dominant Gramineous species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) remains a subject of investigation. Elymus sibiricus L. (Gramineae), indigenous to the QTP and widely distributed in Eurasia, exhibits remarkable environmental adaptation and phenotypic diversity, making it an ideal candidate for phylogeographic studies. Based on the analysis of 175 complete chloroplast genome sequences, our results indicated that the ancestors of E. sibiricus originated from the QTP and underwent a complex migration history. After the speciation of E. sibiricus, several geo‐groups exhibited independent differentiation, showing minimal gene flow among them. The current phylogeographic patterns of E. sibiricus are a result of frequent climate alternations and the cold climate during the Quaternary glacial, as well as the presence of several geographical barriers that have restricted the gene flow among different geo‐groups. Our research has revealed for the first time that E. sibiricus has a multilineage origin, and its maternal donors are not limited to a single species. Furthermore, the high quality and mapping depth of the variant file provided reliable data for analyzing the patterns based on raw sequencing data. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between plant differentiation and climatic and geographical factors of Eurasia.
Characterization of the pan‐chloroplast genomes of Elymus sibiricus endemic to Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) was performed.
Ancestors of E. sibiricus (with the genome constitution of StStHH) from different origins may be different, and the St genome is of multiline origin.
Elymus sibiricus originated from the QTP and underwent a complex migration process during the Quaternary ice age.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Cell-cell communication via ligand-receptor signaling is a fundamental feature of complex organs. Despite this, the global landscape of intercellular signaling in mammalian liver has not been ...elucidated. Here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on non-parenchymal cells isolated from healthy and NASH mouse livers. Secretome gene analysis revealed a highly connected network of intrahepatic signaling and disruption of vascular signaling in NASH. We uncovered the emergence of NASH-associated macrophages (NAMs), which are marked by high expression of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), as a feature of mouse and human NASH that is linked to disease severity and highly responsive to pharmacological and dietary interventions. Finally, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) serve as a hub of intrahepatic signaling via HSC-derived stellakines and their responsiveness to vasoactive hormones. These results provide unprecedented insights into the landscape of intercellular crosstalk and reprogramming of liver cells in health and disease.
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•Heterogeneity and plasticity of non-parenchymal cells in healthy and NASH liver•Landscape of intrahepatic ligand-receptor signaling at single-cell resolution•Emergence of Trem2+ NASH-associated macrophages (NAMs) in mouse and human NASH•Stellakine secretion and contractile response to vasoactive hormones by HSCs
This work illustrates the heterogeneity of liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and their reprogramming during NASH pathogenesis. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, the authors mapped the landscape of the intrahepatic ligand-receptor signaling network and revealed two fundamental aspects of HSC biology: stellakine secretion and contractile response to vasoactive hormones. Hepatic vascular dysfunction and emergence of Trem2+ NASH-associated macrophages (NAMs) are two conserved features of mouse and human NASH.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is highly profitable to transform glycerol - the main by-product from biodiesel production to high value-added chemicals. In this work, we develop a photoelectrochemical system based on nanoporous ...BiVO
for selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone - one of the most valuable derivatives of glycerol. Under AM 1.5G front illumination (100 mW cm
) in an acidic medium (pH = 2) without adscititious oxidant, the nanoporous BiVO
photoanode achieves a glycerol oxidation photocurrent density of 3.7 mA cm
at a potential of 1.2 V versus RHE with 51% 1,3-dihydroxyacetone selectivity, equivalent to a production rate of 200 mmol of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone per m
of illumination area in one hour.
•Extraction of MFP by ultrasonic extraction method for the first time.•RSM with BBD was applied to optimize the extractions for MFP.•The antioxidation and hypoglycemic activity in vitro of different ...MFP fractions was compared.
Single-factor experiment and Box–Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions was obtained by deproteinization (MFP-1), followed by decolorization and deionization (MFP-2). Carbohydrate content in MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 was 58.61% (±1.47%), 69.98% (±0.91%), 81.18% (±1.29%), as well as proteins was estimated 16.50% (±0.86%), 1.57% (±0.63%), 1.02% (±0.18%), respectively. The FT-IR indicated that MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 were acidic polysaccharides. The MFP-1 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while MFP-2 showed the strongest hyperglycemic activity in vitro. This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background
High incidence of asymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been observed in severe COVID‐19 patients, but the characteristics of symptomatic VTE in general COVID‐19 patients have not ...been described.
Objectives
To comprehensively explore the prevalence and reliable risk prediction for VTE in COVID‐19 patients.
Methods/Results
This retrospective study enrolled all COVID‐19 patients with a subsequent VTE in 16 centers in China from January 1 to March 31, 2020. A total of 2779 patients were confirmed with COVID‐19. In comparison to 23,434 non‐COVID‐19 medical inpatients, the odds ratios (ORs) for developing symptomatic VTE in severe and non‐severe hospitalized COVID‐19 patients were 5.94 (95% confidence interval CI 3.91–10.09) and 2.79 (95% CI 1.43–5.60), respectively. When 104 VTE cases and 208 non‐VTE cases were compared, pulmonary embolism cases had a higher rate for in‐hospital death (OR 6.74, 95% CI 2.18–20.81). VTE developed at a median of 21 days (interquartile range 13.25–31) since onset. Independent factors for VTE were advancing age, cancer, longer interval from symptom onset to admission, lower fibrinogen and higher D‐dimer on admission, and D‐dimer increment (DI) ≥1.5‐fold; of these, DI ≥1.5‐fold had the most significant association (OR 14.18, 95% CI 6.25–32.18, p = 2.23 × 10−10). A novel model consisting of three simple coagulation variables (fibrinogen and D‐dimer levels on admission, and DI ≥1.5‐fold) showed good prediction for symptomatic VTE (area under the curve 0.865, 95% CI 0.822–0.907, sensitivity 0.930, specificity 0.710).
Conclusions
There is an excess risk of VTE in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. This novel model can aid early identification of patients who are at high risk for VTE.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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