Eastern China provides a precious opportunity to explore how subduction drives evolution of the overlying continental lithosphere and to understand the fate of subducted plates. In this study, a ...synthesis of geochronological, whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data is used to examine temporal and spatial variations in distribution, composition and generation of Mesozoic magmas in the northern North China Craton. A compilation of age data reveals over 1000 km of inland-ward migration of a magmatic belt during 185– 145 Ma and then back again after 145– 140 Ma, coincident with the transition from contractional to extensional deformation regime in the very early Cretaceous. Distinct trends in lithologies, geochemistry and NdHf isotopes as a function of age and location are also observed in these magmas. The Mesozoic magmatism and deformation, as well as the lithospheric destruction, across the northern North China Craton is interpreted as the consequence of a change in subduction geodynamic regime of the Paleo-Pacific slab and its interaction with overlying continental lithosphere, which involves an active continental arc at Korean and Liaodong Peninsulas in the early-middle Jurassic, progressive shallowing of the subducting Paleo-Pacific plate in the middle-late Jurassic, and subsequent slab rollback in the early Cretaceous. Considering that trench retreat and slab-roll back are demonstrated as the pre-request of slab stagnation in the mantle transition zone, we further propose that the big mantle wedge structure in East Asia was probably initiated at 145– 140 Ma and was likely fully developed by ~120 Ma. Such a peculiar deep mantle structure governed the post-Cretaceous evolution of the Asian continental lithosphere by mediating the chemical and physical properties of upper mantle.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•This paper investigates the effect of anti-corruption on the financing and investing in innovation.•Stronger anti-corruption efforts make firms more likely to acquire long-term debt.•Firms located ...in provinces with stronger anti-corruption efforts invest significantly more of their newly acquired funds in R&D and generate more patents.•The above positive and significant effect is almost entirely driven by the current massive anti-corruption campaign launched by President Xi since 2013.•Only firms potentially susceptible to expropriation benefit from the stronger anti-corruption efforts, supportive of the expropriation hypothesis.
This paper investigates the effect of anti-corruption on the financing of and investing in innovation by using a detailed data set of Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2015. We find that stronger anti-corruption efforts make firms more likely to acquire external funds, mainly the long-term debt. Moreover, we show that firms located in provinces with stronger anti-corruption efforts invest significantly more of their newly acquired funds in R&D and generate more patents. Further empirical tests suggest this positive and statistically significant effect almost comes entirely from the current massive anti-corruption campaign launched by President Xi Jinping since 2013. We further test two mechanisms regarding the corruption-innovation nexus: the expropriation hypothesis and the rent-seeking hypothesis. The results show that only firms without political connections, non-state owned enterprises (non-SOEs), firms operating in non-regulated industries and younger firms benefit from the stronger anti-corruption efforts, all supportive of the former mechanism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Recently, the emergence of conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has given great prospects for their applications as active materials in electronic devices. In this work, a high-quality, ...free-standing conductive MOF membrane was prepared by an air–liquid interfacial growth method. Accordingly, field-effect transistors (FETs) possessing a crystalline microporous MOF channel layer were successfully fabricated for the first time. The porous FETs exhibited p-type behavior, distinguishable on/off ratios, and excellent field-effect hole mobilities as high as 48.6 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is even comparable to the highest value reported for solution-processed organic or inorganic FETs.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming increasingly clear that ...VSMCs can alter their metabolism to fulfill the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. During vascular injury, VSMCs switch from a quiescent “contractile” phenotype to a highly migratory and proliferative “synthetic” phenotype. Recent studies have found that the phenotype switching of VSMCs is driven by a metabolic switch. Metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, have distinct, indispensable roles in normal and dysfunctional vasculature. VSMCs metabolism is also related to the metabolism of endothelial cells. In the present review, we present a brief overview of VSMCs metabolism and how it regulates the progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, vascular calcification, and aneurysms, and the effect of the risk factors for vascular disease (aging, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking) on VSMC metabolism to clarify the role of VSMCs metabolism in the key pathological process.
The North China Craton (NCC) was originally formed by the amalgamation of the eastern and western blocks along an orogenic belt at ∼1.9 Ga. After cratonization, the NCC was essentially stable until ...the Mesozoic, when intense felsic magmatism and related mineralization, deformation, pull-apart basins, and exhumation of the deep crust widely occurred, indicative of destruction or decratonization. Accompanying this destruction was significant removal of the cratonic keel and lithospheric transformation, whereby the thick (∼200 km) and refractory Archean lithosphere mantle was replaced by a thin (<80 km) juvenile one. The decratonization of the NCC was driven by flat slab subduction, followed by a rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate during the late Mesozoic. A global synthesis indicates that cratons are mainly destroyed by oceanic subduction, although mantle plumes might also trigger lithospheric thinning through thermal erosion. Widespread crust-derived felsic magmatism and large-scale ductile deformation can be regarded as petrological and structural indicators of craton destruction.
A craton, a kind of ancient continental block on Earth, was formed mostly in the early Precambrian (>1.8 Ga).
A craton is characterized by a rigid lithospheric root, which provides longevity and stability during its evolutionary history.
Some cratons, such as the North China Craton, can be destroyed by losing their stability, manifested by magmatism, deformation, earthquake, etc.
In this paper, we apply FCM to data fusion and continuously iterate to create a data fusion model that achieves classification and fusion. The model has been improved to form the ARFCM data fusion ...model. Then, we select the evaluation indexes of urban tourism scenic spot management satisfaction and build the evaluation system of urban tourism scenic spot management satisfaction based on multiple data fusions. Finally, gender differences, age differences, importance, and other indicators of tourist satisfaction are selected to evaluate the management level of urban tourism scenic spots. The p-value of the t-test on staff service satisfaction is 0.008, the p-value of the t-test on scenic spot price satisfaction is 0.01, and the p-value of the t-test on scenic spot comprehensive service satisfaction is 0.03. This paper’s research provides strong support and a scientific basis for improving the management level of urban tourism scenic spots.
RLR-mediated type I IFN production plays a pivotal role in elevating host immunity for viral clearance and cancer immune surveillance. Here, we report that glycolysis, which is inactivated during RLR ...activation, serves as a barrier to impede type I IFN production upon RLR activation. RLR-triggered MAVS-RIG-I recognition hijacks hexokinase binding to MAVS, leading to the impairment of hexokinase mitochondria localization and activation. Lactate serves as a key metabolite responsible for glycolysis-mediated RLR signaling inhibition by directly binding to MAVS transmembrane (TM) domain and preventing MAVS aggregation. Notably, lactate restoration reverses increased IFN production caused by lactate deficiency. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that lactate reduction by lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inactivation heightens type I IFN production to protect mice from viral infection. Our study establishes a critical role of glycolysis-derived lactate in limiting RLR signaling and identifies MAVS as a direct sensor of lactate, which functions to connect energy metabolism and innate immunity.
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•Lactate inhibits RLR-mediated interferon production•This regulation occurs through direct sensing of lactate by MAVS•MAVS associates with hexokinase, but this association is disrupted by RIG-I•Targeting LDHA enhances type I IFN production and viral clearance
Lactate acts as a regulator of the adaptor MAVS, allowing a cross-regulation between antiviral signaling and energy metabolism
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Iridium(III) complexes are an important group of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). This work constructs a donor–acceptor–donor structure‐based iridium(III) complex (IrDAD) with high ...reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency, negligible dark toxicity, and synergistic PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT) effect under near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation. This complex self‐assembles into metallosupramolecular aggregates with a unique aggregation‐induced PDT behavior. Compared with conventional iridium(III) photosensitizers, IrDAD not only achieves NIR light deep tissue penetration but also shows highly efficient ROS and heat generation with ROS quantum yield of 14.6% and photothermal conversion efficiency of 27.5%. After conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), IrDAD is formulated to a nanoparticulate system (IrDAD‐NPs) with good solubility. In cancer phototherapy, IrDAD‐NPs preferentially accumulate in tumor area and display a significant tumor inhibition in vivo, with 96% reduction in tumor volume, and even tumor elimination.
A donor‐acceptor‐donor structure‐based iridium(III) complex is synthesized for synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy of cancer. The complex can be triggered with 808 nm light, generate O2−• to relieve the oxygen‐dependence, and exbibit efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat generation with a ROS quantum yield of 14.6% and photothermal conversion efficiency of 27.5%.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Early Permian magmatism in Tarim, NW China comprises diamondiferous kimberlites, lamprophyres, flood basalts, Fe–Ti oxide ore-bearing layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions, bi-modal dyke swarms, ...alkaline igneous complexes (including syenites and A-type granites), rhyolites and pyroclastic rocks. The extent of this intraplate magmatism exceeds 250,000km2, making it comparable to Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Screening of available radiometric ages reveals three main magmatic episodes in the Tarim LIP, with the first being marked by ~300Ma small-volume kimberlites, followed by two phases of bimodal magmatism at ~290Ma and at ~280Ma, respectively. This relatively long time interval of the Early Permian magmatism is consistent with a low eruption rate of the Tarim LIP and is supported by the intercalation of volcanic rocks with sediments in outcrops and drill holes. Although the spatial distribution of each magmatic episode in the Tarim LIP is far from assessed, it seems that the ~290Ma flood basalts are widespread across the province, whereas ~300Ma kimberlites and ~280Ma ultramafic–mafic–felsic intrusions and dyke swarms only occur in the Bachu Uplift and around the margins of the Tarim craton.
We propose that the ~300Ma kimberlites were derived from deep part of the metasomatized sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), while the ~290Ma flood basalts were likely formed as a result of mixing of plume-derived melts with SCLM-derived melts (e.g., lamproitic melt) as they rose through the SCLM. In contrast, the ~280Ma magmas were most likely derived from the convecting mantle. A plume incubation model is proposed to account for the temporo-spatial distribution of the Tarim LIP, in which different styles of plume–lithosphere interaction are recognized. In the first two episodes, the mantle plume incubating the base of the craton provides the heat that triggered melting of the enriched components in the SCLM. In contrast, adiabatic decompression melting within the plume produced the ~280Ma magmatic phase. Thermal modeling suggests that lithospheric thinning by thermal erosion might have been associated with the upwelling mantle plume, with the greatest thinning occurring in the Bachu area. Thinned spots and weak zones at the margins of cratons and mobile belts caused preferential channeling of plume flow and subsequent decompression melting. This explains the localized distribution of ~280Ma magmas in the Tarim LIP.
•Spatial distribution of igneous rocks in the Tarim large igneous province•Three magmatic episodes possess distinct rock association and geochemistry.•Lithospheric thinning in association with thermal erosion by upwelling mantle•Plume–lithosphere interaction in the formation of the Tarim LIP
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In subduction zones with slab‐slab interactions, the pattern of mantle convection is very complex and still unclear. In this study, we jointly invert a large number of P and S wave arrival time data ...of local earthquakes for 3‐D isotropic and anisotropic velocity structures of the Banda subduction zone. Along the curved Banda arc, the subducting Indo‐Australian slab is detected clearly as a high‐velocity zone, and its azimuthal anisotropy changes along the arc strike, representing fossil anisotropy within the slab and modified anisotropy by the subduction processes. Around the northern edge of the Banda slab, a semi‐toroidal pattern of anisotropy appears in low‐velocity anomalies, representing mantle flow extruded from the Banda arc and escaped from a gap of the Banda‐Molucca slab toward the northeast. Our 3‐D anisotropic tomography uncovers the mantle convection pattern induced by the slab‐slab interactions, shedding new light on the complex dynamical processes in this curved subduction zone.
Plain Language Summary
The study of mantle convection pattern can improve our understanding of plate tectonics and geodynamics. The mantle convection pattern is affected by several factors, including the subducting slab geometry and slab‐slab interactions. The tectonics in the Banda area is rendered particularly complex due to the subduction and interactions of multiple slabs. Hence, this region is an ideal natural laboratory to study the mantle flow pattern associated with slab‐slab interactions. Here we invert both P and S wave arrival times of local earthquakes for 3‐D anisotropic structure of the upper mantle beneath the Banda region. Our results show that in this curved subduction zone, the mantle convection pattern is different from that in normal subduction zones. Trench‐parallel anisotropy is revealed beneath Banda, which reflects extruded material flow in the curved subduction zone. Our results provide new insight into subduction dynamics and mantle convection.
Key Points
The first P and S wave anisotropic tomography of the Banda subduction zone is obtained
Trench‐parallel anisotropy along the Banda arc reflects lateral mantle flow caused by the highly curved Banda slab
Semi‐toroidal anisotropy around the northern edge of the Banda arc reflects extruded mantle flow from the arc
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK