The central nervous system (CNS) is a vital part of the human nervous system, and the incidence of CNS disease is increasing year by year, which has become a major public health problem and a ...prominent social problem. At present, the drugs most commonly used in the clinic are receptor regulators, and neurotransmitter inhibitors, but they are accompanied by serious side effects. Therefore, the identification of new drugs and treatment strategies for CNS disease has been a research hotspot in the medical field. Celastrol, a highly bio-active pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, has been proved to have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, anti-obesity and anti-tumor activity. However, due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability and toxicity, the clinical development and trials of celastrol have been postponed. However, in recent years, the extensive medical value of celastrol in the treatment of CNS diseases such as nervous system tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has gradually attracted intensive attention worldwide. In particular, celastrol has non-negligible anti-tumor efficacy, and as there are no 100% effective anti-tumor drugs, the study of its structural modification to obtain better leading compounds with higher efficiency and lower toxicity has aroused strong interest in pharmaceutical chemists. In this review, research progress on celastrol in CNS diseases and the synthesis of celastrol-type triterpenoid analogues and their application evaluation in disease models, such as CNS diseases and autotoxicity-related target organ cancers in the past decade are summarized in detail, in order to provide reference for future better application in the treatment of CNS diseases.
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•Celastrol exhibits definite therapeutic potential against CNS diseases by various effects.•The concentration of celastrol sufficient to induce apoptosis has no obvious toxicity on some cell lines.•The potential structural modification sites of celastrol provide many opportunities for drug design.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Bisphenol A (BPA), as a phenolic compound, is harmful to human health, and its residue in the aquatic environment also threatens the health of aquatic animals. In this research, the toxicity effects ...of BPA on liver tissues were evaluated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after long-term exposure. Fish were exposed to five concentrations of BPA (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 2 mg/L) for 30 days. The blood and liver tissues were gathered to analyze biochemical indices and genes transcription levels. The data related to lipid metabolism showed that BPA exposure increased serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, upregulated the expressions of fatp1, pparγ, fas, atgl, hsl, pparα, cpt1b, acox-1, and downregulated the expression of dgat1 in liver. Antioxidative parameters displayed a reduced antioxidant ability and increased lipid peroxidation after BPA exposure. Meanwhile, the upregulations of nrf2, ho-1, cyp1a and cyp1b genes revealed an adaptive response mechanism against oxidative stress-induced adverse effects. After 30 days of exposure, BPA induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) via upregulating the expression levels of apoptosis and ERS-related genes and increasing Ca2+ concentration in liver. Moreover, the downregulation of mtor and the upregulation of atg3, atg7, tfeb, uvrag and mcoln1 indicated that BPA could influence the normal process of autophagy. Furthermore, BPA exposure activated toll like receptors (TLRs) pathway to mediate the inflammatory response. Our results demonstrated that BPA exposure disturbed lipid metabolism, and induced oxidative stress, ERS, apoptosis, autophagy and inflammatory response in the liver of common carp. These findings contributed to the understanding of hepatotoxicity mechanism induced by BPA in fish.
•New insights into how bisphenol A affects fish physiological responses were provided.•Bisphenol A influenced the lipid metabolism in common carp liver.•Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was involved in bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress.•Bisphenol A altered endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and apoptosis.•Bisphenol A induced inflammatory responses via initiating TLRs/MyD88 pathway.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are a pervasive mental health problem in Chinese adolescents. The aim of this article was to systematically assess the trend of depressive symptoms in China among ...adolescents (1988 to 2018). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CNKI, and Wan Fang Database, to identify relevant studies published between 1988 and 2018. Batteries of analyses in this meta-analysis were undertaken using Stata version 12.0 statistical software. RESULTS Sixty-two related reports involving 232 586 participants finally met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggest the prevalence of depressive symptoms has generally increased over time. The prevalence estimates before 2000 were 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5-22.3%), and were 26.3% (95% CI, 21.9-30.8%) after 2016. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents was 22.2% (95% CI: 19.9-24.6%, I²=99.6%, p<0.001). More subgroup analyses classified by screening instrument, gender, and region were carried out in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Results of our meta-analysis suggest that depressive symptoms have become more prevalent among Chinese adolescents. This trend emphasizes the need for effective prevention strategies and greater availability of screening tools for this vulnerable population.
The present study aimed at using different types of food waste as a protein source for the fish feeds to produce safe and quality fish. The results showed the concentrations of ∑PAEs in grass crap ...(0.24 μg g−1 ww) and bighead carp (0.15 μg g−1 ww) fed with Food waste B feeds (mainly containing fruit, vegetable and cereal waste) was significantly lower than those fed Food waste A feeds (mainly containing meat waste) and control feeds (p<0.05), and the highest ∑PAEs concentration (1.75 μg g−1 ww) was found in the mud carp fed with control feeds in experimental ponds (p<0.05). In addition, there was no biomagnification of PAEs in the food chains within the ponds. The health risk assessment results showed no non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from the PAEs via ingestion of the fish fed with food waste feeds for the local residents.
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•Using food waste as a protein source for the pellet fish feeds.•DEHP concentrations in the sediment were increased with time.•PAEs in sediment was no potentially risk to the aquatic environment.•The PAEs was not biomagnified through the pond food chains.•The use of food waste feed could produce safe and quality fish products.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nowadays, the studied flowing molten salt heated methane/steam reforming membrane reactors are of roughly the same structure and vastly different sizes, which needs to be further explored with the ...consideration of reactor design optimization and system economy. This research investigates the effect of catalyst bed thickness, membrane tube configuration and reactor length on reactor performance under a series of operation conditions. The impact of concentrated solar thermal cost and methane cost on the levelized cost of hydrogen are focused to provide reference for the reactor design from an economic perspective. The results show that the catalyst bed thickness of 10 mm and the membrane diameter of 20 mm are appropriate for reactor design. Long membrane tube with big flow rate is more economical than the short one and its advantages in economy will be further reflected with the decreasing CST cost.
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•A model of molten salt heated membrane reformer is developed.•The catalyst bed thickness of 10 mm is appropriate for reactor design.•Increasing the membrane diameter beyond 20 mm is not sensible.•Membrane reactors with long pipe and high flow rate are more economical.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of the study is to investigate the feasibility of fabricating FDM 3D-printed gastric floating tablets with low infill percentages and the effect of infill percentage on the properties of ...gastric floating tablets
in vitro
. Propranolol hydrochloride was selected as a model drug, and drug-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments were produced by hot melt extrusion (HME). Ellipsoid-shaped gastric floating tablets with low infill percentage of 15% and 25% (namely E-15 and E-25) were then prepared respectively by feeding the extruded filaments to FDM 3D printer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the filaments and 3D-printed tablets, and a series of evaluations were performed to the 3D-printed tablets, including the weight variation, drug content, hardness,
in vitro
floating behavior, and drug release of the tablets. The SEM results showed that the drug-loaded filaments and 3D-printed tablets appeared intact without defects, and the printed tablets were composed of filaments deposited uniformly layer by layer. The model drug and the excipients were thermally stable under the process temperature of extruding and printing, with a small amount of drug crystals dispersing in the drug-loaded filaments and 3D-printed tablets. Both E-15 and E-25 could float on artificial gastric fluids without any lag time and released in a sustained manner. Compared with E-15, the E-25 presented less weight variation, higher tablet hardness, shorter floating time, and longer drug release time.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A polymer （poly（9,10）anthracenevinylene-alt-4,4＇-（9,9-bis（4-（4＇-（1,2,2＇-triphenyviny）phenoxy）butyl）-9H- fluorene-2,7-diyl） dibenzaldehyde）, P1） was successfully synthesized through the Wittig-Horner ...reaction by employing fluorene and 9,10-distyrylanthracene moieties as building blocks for backbone and tetraphenylethenes as pendant groups. Photophysical and thermal properties of the resulting polymeric emitter were fully characterized by ultraviolet-visible （UV- Vis） absorption and photoluminescence （PL） spectra, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. While P1 emits an orange-light centered at 567 nm in dilute tetrahydrofuran （THF） solution, the solid powder of the polymer exhibits strong yellow emission peaked at 541 nm. It is also found that the as-synthesized polymer shows unique property of aggregation-enhanced emission （AEE）. In addition, P1 possesses high thermal stability with a decomposition temperature （Td,5%） of 430 ℃ and high morphological stability with a glass transition temperature （Tg） of 171℃. Under the stimulus of mechanical force, the emission of P1 can be changed from yellow to red （△λmax = 61 rim）, showing a remarkable mechanochromism. The results from XRD analysis suggest that such mechanochromic phenomenonof PI is probably caused by the destruction of crystalline structure, which leads to the conformational planarization of the distyrylanthracene moieties forming by the polymerization and the increase of molecular conjugation of the backbone.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Novel p-n heterojunction of Bi2Sn2O7-Ag2CrO4 photocatalysts with various contents of Bi2Sn2O7 were in-situ synthesized at 25 °C. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse ...reflectance spectra, photoluminescence emission and electrochemical impedance spectra were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. Experimental results showed that, under the visible light irradiation, with increasing the amount of Bi2Sn2O7, the degradation efficiency of the as-prepared hybrids was first increased and then decreased. It possessed the highest degradation efficiency of 97.5 % for rhodamine B in 120 min, which was obviously higher than that of 76.7 % of Ag2CrO4 and 11.8 % of Bi2Sn2O7, respectively. Moreover, it possessed the degradation efficiency of 90.4 % for methyl orange and 99.8 % for methylene blue. In addition, after it was circulated for 5 times, the as-prepared hybrids still possessed the degradation efficiency of 90.2 % for rhodamine B, which increased by 240.4 and 1950.0 % in comparison with Ag2CrO4 and Bi2Sn2O7, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the formation of the p-n heterojunction at the interface of p-Bi2Sn2O7 and n-Ag2CrO4.
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•The Bi2Sn2O7-Ag2CrO4 hybrids were in-situ synthesized at 25 °C.•It was an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of RhB, MO and MB.•The enhanced degradation efficiency was ascribed to the formation of p-n heterojunction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The resurrection plants
can survive long term severe drought and desiccation conditions and soon recover after rewatering. However, few genes related to such excellent drought tolerance and ...underlying molecular mechanism have been excavated. WRKY transcription factors play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stress signaling, in which WRKY70 functions as a positive regulator in biotic stress response but a negative regulator in abiotic stress signaling in
and some other plant species. In the present study, the functions of a dehydration-induced
of
participating was investigated in the model plant
. Our results indicated that MfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus and could significantly increase tolerance to drought, osmotic, and salinity stresses by promoting root growth and water retention, as well as enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system and maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and membrane-lipid stability under stressful conditions. Moreover, the expression of stress-associated genes (
,
and
) was positively regulated in the overexpression of
We proposed that MfWRKY70 may function as a positive regulator for abiotic stress responses and can be considered as a potential gene for improvement of drought and salinity tolerance in plants.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A mathematical model was established based on a porous media model and local nonequilibrium thermodynamics model. The conventional iron ore sintering (CIOS) process was simulated with this model, and ...the reliability of the model was verified by field testing. Based on the CIOS simulation results, and focused on maintaining the stability of the highest temperature of the sintering bed and waste heat utilization of the flue gas, flue gas recirculation sintering (FGRS) and fuel layered distribution sintering (FLDS) are proposed. Optimized iron ore sintering (OIOS) is also proposed based on the combination of FGRS and FLDS. The simulation results indicate that OIOS can increase the highest temperature of the upper part of the sintering bed and decrease that of the lower part. OIOS can increase the thickness of the sintering bed over a reasonable temperature range, making the distribution of the highest temperature in the sintering bed more reasonable and the sintering process more stable. Waste heat utilization of OIOS is increased by 1.7453 × 108 kJ/h and fuel consumption of OIOS is decreased by 2.66 t/h compared to values for CIOS. OIOS can decrease flue gas emissions, reduce the burden of the desulfurization system, and increase the recirculation rate of flue gas.
•A mathematical model of flow and heat transfer is established in this paper.•The influence of various parameters on the sintering process is researched.•The OIOS is proposed innovatively combined flue gas circulation with fuel layered distribution.•The distribution of the highest temperature is more stable in the depth direction of sintered bed.•The consumption of solid fuel is reduced through the reasonable distribution of solid fuel.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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