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•A new N,S-CQDs was synthesized using ethylene glycol as a passivation agent.•A new 3D ZnO/N,S-CQDs nanoflower was synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal process.•ZnO/N,S-CQDs possessed ...enhanced catalytic efficiency under visible and NIR lights.•ZnO/N,S-CQDs effectively degraded antibiotics in water under sunlight irradiation.
ZnO is widely used as a photocatalyst in industry, however, it is still a challenge to degrade refractory antibiotics in water. In this study, a novel surface-functionalized N,S-doped carbon quantum dot (N,S-CQD) was synthesized and embedded into ZnO for the formation of a new ZnO/N,S-CQDs hybrid nanoflower via one-pot hydrothermal process. The as-prepared ZnO/N,S-CQDs showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, in which 72.8% of MG was decomposed after 180 min under NIR light. In addition, approximately 92.9% and 85.8% of ciprofloxacin (CIP) were degraded by ZnO/N,S-CQDs under simulated sunlight for 20 min and natural sunlight for 50 min, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism was investigated and the results show that the surface functionalization, electron transfer, up-converted luminescence properties of N,S-CQDs, together with the highly reactive facets of ZnO nanoflowers, made great contributions to the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO/N,S-CQDs. Additionally, the results of active species trapping experiments indicated that the hydroxide free radicals, holes and superoxide radical anions all played certain roles in the photocatalytic reaction. Finally, ZnO/N,S-CQDs was employed for photodegradation of antibiotics in actual water, the degradation efficiency of antibiotics still remained above 60% after 120 min. We believe that the ZnO/N,S-CQDs nanoflower is a promising photocatalyst for the degradation of refractory antibiotics under sunlight irradiation. The relatively low cost and excellent photocatalytic performance of ZnO/N,S-CQDs is beneficial for industrial applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The construction of a nanozyme that mimics a natural enzyme is a promising strategy to obtain a highly stable catalyst. Laccases are members of copper-containing oxidases, as environmental catalysts, ...and show significant potential in biotechnology and environmental remediation. In this study, inspired by the active site and electron transfer of laccase, a new laccase mimic (defined as CA-Cu) was synthesized
via
the coordination of copper with a cysteine (Cys)-aspartic acid (Asp) dipeptide. The as-prepared CA-Cu nanozyme exhibits significant laccase-like activity and catalytic oxidation of a wide range of phenolic pollutants, such as 2,4-dichlorophenol, phenol,
p
-chlorophenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, hydroquinone,
o
-nitrophenol and
o
-aminophenol hydroquinone. It has a similar
K
m
(Michaelis constant), a higher
v
max
(maximum rate) and better recyclability than laccase at the same mass concentration. In addition, the CA-Cu nanozyme is robust in a broad temperature range (0-100 °C), at extreme pH and under long-term storage. Surprisingly, the catalytic performance of the CA-Cu nanozyme was enhanced under high-salt conditions or at high concentrations of heavy metal ions, which lead to severe loss in the catalytic activity of laccase. We believe that this nanozyme is a promising environmental catalyst for the treatment of phenolic pollutants under high-salt or heavy metal ion conditions.
The construction of a nanozyme that mimics a natural enzyme is a promising strategy to obtain a highly stable catalyst.
The rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) is one of the most destructive pests threatening rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Asia; however, no rice resistance genes have been cloned. ...Here, we demonstrate that M. GRAMINICOLA-RESISTANCE GENE 1 (MG1), an R gene highly expressed at the site of nematode invasion, determines resistance against the nematode in several rice varieties. Introgressing MG1 into susceptible varieties increases resistance comparable to resistant varieties, for which the leucine-rich repeat domain is critical for recognizing root-knot nematode invasion. We also report transcriptome and cytological changes that are correlated with a rapid and robust response during the incompatible interaction that occurs in resistant rice upon nematode invasion. Furthermore, we identified a putative protease inhibitor that directly interacts with MG1 during MG1-mediated resistance. Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of nematode resistance as well as valuable resources for developing rice varieties with improved nematode resistance.
Abstract Fibrillated cellulose‐based nanocomposites can improve energy efficiency of building envelopes, especially windows, but efficiently engineering them with a flexible ability of lighting and ...thermal management remains highly challenging. Herein, a scalable interfacial engineering strategy is developed to fabricate haze‐tunable thermal barrier films tailored with phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils (PCNFs). Clear films with an extremely low haze of 1.6% (glass‐scale) are obtained by heat‐assisted surface void packing without hydrophobization of nanocellulose. PCNF gel cakes serve here as templates for surface roughening, thereby resulting in a high haze (73.8%), and the roughened films can block heat transfer by increasing solar reflection in addition to a reduced thermal conduction. Additionally, obtained films can tune distribution of light from visible to near‐infrared spectral range, enabling uniform colored lighting and inhibiting localized heating. Furthermore, an integrated simulation of lighting and cooling energy consumption in the case of office buildings shows that the film can reduce the total energy use by 19.2–38.1% under reduced lighting levels. Such a scalable and versatile engineering strategy provides an opportunity to endow nanocellulose‐reinforced materials with tunable optical and thermal functionalities, moving their practical applications in green buildings forward.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Critical bone defects caused by extensive excision of malignant bone tumor and the probability of tumor recurrence due to residual tumor cells make malignant bone tumor treatment a major clinical ...challenge. The present therapeutic strategy concentrates on implanting bone substitutes for defect filling but suffers from failures in both enhancing bone regeneration and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. Herein, Cu and Mn-doped borosilicate nanoparticles (BSNs) were developed for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor treatment, which can enhance bone regeneration through the osteogenic effects of Cu2+ and Mn3+ ions and meanwhile induce tumor cells apoptosis through the hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton-like reactions of Cu2+ and Mn3+ ions. In vitro study showed that both osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of endothelial cells were promoted by BSNs, and consistently the critical bone defects of rats were efficiently repaired by BSNs through in vivo evaluation. Meanwhile, BSNs could generate hydroxyl radicals through Fenton-like reactions in the simulated tumor microenvironment, promote the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and eventually induce tumor cell apoptosis. Besides, subcutaneous tumors of mice were effectively inhibited by BSNs without causing toxic side effects to normal tissues and organs. Altogether, Cu and Mn-doped BSNs developed in this work performed dual functions of enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone regeneration, and inhibiting tumor growth for chemodynamic therapy, thus holding a great potential for syncretic bone repairing and anti-tumor therapy.
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•Dual-functional bioactive borosilicate nanoparticles were successfully synthesized.•Incorporation of Cu and Mn to the nanoparticles enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis.•Cu and Mn doped borosilicate nanoparticles inhibited tumor by producing ·OH.•Potential syncretic bone repair and chemodynamic therapy developed for bone tumor treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We aimed to evaluate whether carboplatin has a comparable efficacy with cisplatin as part of weekly concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer (Car-RT vs. Cis-RT).
A literature search was ...conducted and both prospective and retrospective studies that evaluated the efficacy of Car-RT for cervical cancer were included. The primary endpoints were complete response (CR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The estimated CR rate and survival of patients treated with Car-RT were pooled. Acute toxicity was also summarized.
Twelve studies consisting of 1698 patients were eligible for meta-analysis. A lower CR rate (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34–0.82, I2 = 0%) and a trend toward poorer 3-year PFS/DFS (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.49–1.02, I2 = 0%) and 3-year OS (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46–1.05, I2 = 36%) were found in Car-RT compared with Cis-RT. For the Car-RT groups, the pooled overall CR rate was 81% (95% CI 0.74–0.89). The pooled 3-year PFS/DFS rate was 64% (95% CI 0.52–0.78). The pooled 3-year OS rate was 73% (95% CI 0.62–0.87). Acute toxic events ≥ grade 3 were infrequent in the Car-RT groups.
Car-RT showed a poorer tumor response and a trend toward inferior survival compared with Cis-RT in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, this evidence was limited by the imbalance among studies. Due to the encouraging efficacy and low toxicity, carboplatin is a suitable concurrent agent for patients with contraindications to cisplatin.
•A shortage of tumor response and a trend toward inferior survival were observed in Car-RT compared with Cis-RT.•The estimated complete response rate, 3-year PFS and OS in Car-RT were acceptable.•Car-RT had a low level of toxic effects.•Carboplatin can be an alternative in patients for whom cisplatin is inappropriate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The development of high-performance biosensors is a key focus in the nanozyme field, but the current limitations in biocompatibility and recyclability hinder their broader applications. Herein, we ...address these challenges by constructing core-shell nanohybrids with biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification using a galvanic replacement reaction between orthovanadate ions and liquid metal (LM) (VOx@EGaIn-PEG). By leveraging the excellent charge transfer properties and the low band gap of the LM surface oxide, the VOx@EGaIn-PEG heterojunction can effectively convert hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, demonstrating excellent peroxidase-like activity and stability (Km = 490 μM, vmax = 1.206 μM/s). The unique self-healing characteristics of LM further enable the recovery and regeneration of VOx@EGaIn-PEG nanozymes, thereby significantly reducing the cost of biological detection. Building upon this, we developed a nanozyme colorimetric sensor suitable for biological systems and integrated it with a smartphone to create an efficient quantitative detection platform. This platform allows for the convenient and sensitive detection of glucose in serum samples, exhibiting a good linear relationship in the range of 10-500 μM and a detection limit of 2.35 μM. The remarkable catalytic potential of LM, combined with its biocompatibility and regenerative properties, offers valuable insights for applications in catalysis and biomedical fields.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The development of high-performance biosensors is a key focus in the nanozyme field, but the current limitations in biocompatibility and recyclability hinder their broader applications. Herein, we ...address these challenges by constructing core–shell nanohybrids with biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification using a galvanic replacement reaction between orthovanadate ions and liquid metal (LM) (VO x @EGaIn-PEG). By leveraging the excellent charge transfer properties and the low band gap of the LM surface oxide, the VO x @EGaIn-PEG heterojunction can effectively convert hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, demonstrating excellent peroxidase-like activity and stability (K m = 490 μM, v max = 1.206 μM/s). The unique self-healing characteristics of LM further enable the recovery and regeneration of VO x @EGaIn-PEG nanozymes, thereby significantly reducing the cost of biological detection. Building upon this, we developed a nanozyme colorimetric sensor suitable for biological systems and integrated it with a smartphone to create an efficient quantitative detection platform. This platform allows for the convenient and sensitive detection of glucose in serum samples, exhibiting a good linear relationship in the range of 10–500 μM and a detection limit of 2.35 μM. The remarkable catalytic potential of LM, combined with its biocompatibility and regenerative properties, offers valuable insights for applications in catalysis and biomedical fields.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Fu Brick Tea (FBT) is characterized by Fungus Aroma (FA), which determines the quality of FBT products. However, the aroma constituents and their interactive mechanism for FA remain unclear. In this ...study, the FBT sample with the optimal FA characteristics was selected from 29 FBTs. Then, 19 components with OAV ≥ 1 were identified as the odorants involved in the FA formation. The aroma recombination test suggested that the FA was potentially produced by the synergistic interplay among the 15 key odorants, including (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-β-ionone, 4-ketoisophorone, dihydroactinidiolide, (E)-β-damascenone, 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, geraniol, heptanal, hexanal, and phenylacetaldehyde. And, the synergistic effects between them were preliminarily studied by aroma omissions, such as modulatory effects, masking effects, compensatory effects, and novelty effects, ultimately contributing to the FA. In all, this work helps us better understand the formation of the FA and provides a basis for the improvement of FBT production technology.
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•Using two sensory methods to cross-validate and screen characteristic aroma sample.•Confirmed the role of 15 key odorants in the formation of the Fungus Aroma.•The synergies of key odorants include masking, compensatory, and novelty effects.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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