In this paper, fluorescent copper nanoclusters (NCs) are used as a novel probe for the sensitive detection of gossypol for the first time. Based on a fluorescence quenching mechanism induced by ...interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gossypol, fluorescent BSA-Cu NCs were seen to exhibit a high sensitivity to gossypol in the range of 0.1⁻100 µM. The detection limit for gossypol is 25 nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of three, which is approximately 35 times lower than the acceptable limit (0.9 µM) defined by the US Food and Drug Administration for cottonseed products. Moreover, the proposed method for gossypol displays excellent selectivity over many common interfering species. We also demonstrate the application of the present method to the measurement of several real samples with satisfactory recoveries, and the results agree well with those obtained using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The method based on Cu NCs offers the followings advantages: simplicity of design, facile preparation of nanomaterials, and low experimental cost.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Novel UAE-DES converts CSH to PAs via RSM.•UAE-DES had the highest extractability compared with other methods.•MDS shows strong DES-CA interactions, enhancing extraction.•Residues (CSR) form ...activated carbon (ACCSR) for MB adsorption.•Study guides waste biomass to high-value products.
This study presents a novel approach for converting cottonseed hulls (CSHs) into valuable proanthocyanidins (PAs) through deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE-DES). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize and model this process, resulting in maximum yields of 78.58 mg/g. The ideal PA extraction conditions were determined to be a liquid-to-material ratio of 36.25 mL/g, a water content of 33.21%, and an extraction period of 7.4 min. Molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) were performed to study the interactions between the solvent and target chemicals. Increased van der Waals forces and stronger interactions between DES and the target chemical catechin (CA) compared to those observed with methanol or water were observed. Furthermore, the optimized extract exhibited a higher PA content than can be obtained with conventional extraction methods and demonstrated antioxidant activity in vitro. The cottonseed hulls residues (CSRs) remaining after the extraction process can be used to produce activated carbon (ACCSR), which has some capacity to adsorb methylene blue (MB) contaminants. This study offers a reference for the fruitful transformation of waste biomass into high-value products.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present work, water-soluble Au nanoclusters capped with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesized. It was found that as a peroxidase mimic, Au nanoclusters could enhance the ...chemiluminescence (CL) emission from the luminol-hydrogen peroxide system in alkaline medium, and the enhancement mechanism of the Au nanoclusters on luminol CL is discussed. The effects were also investigated of the concentration of the reactants and some organic compounds The proposed method could be used as a sensitive detection tool for hydrogen peroxide and glucose.
A sensitive and selective chemiluminescence (CL) sensor based on the peroxidase-like activity of copper nanoclusters was established for the detection of cholesterol. Copper nanoclusters catalyse the ...CL reaction between luminol and H
O
. Because H
O
is the oxidative product of cholesterol in the presence of cholesterol oxidase, the oxidation of cholesterol can be quantitatively converted to a CL response by combining the two reactions. The proposed method is simple and can be completed in a few minutes with high sensitivity. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of cholesterol over a wide range of 0.05-10 mM, with a detection limit of 1.5 μM. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to determine cholesterol in milk powder and human serum with satisfactory accuracy and precision. This method expands the applications of nano-mimic enzymes in the field of CL-based sensors.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) produced by online mixing of nitrite and acidified hydrogen peroxide could induce weak chemiluminescence (CL). A stronger chemiluminescence was observed in the presence of ...gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). This novel CL system was developed as a flow-injection method for the nitrite determination directly and conveniently. This method was achieved in acidic medium, which greatly improved its selectivity. The CL mechanism of the peroxynitrous acid-gold nanocluster system was investigated using CL spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and radical scavengers. The enhanced CL could be attributed to the catalysis of Au nanoclusters. The proposed method has been applied to determine nitrite in water samples with good accuracy and precision.
The weak CL emission of peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) produced from the reaction of nitrite with hydrogen peroxide in acidic medium was greatly enhanced by Au NCs.
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It was found that Cu nanoclusters could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) emission from the luminol–hydrogen peroxide system in an alkaline medium. Herein, the CL spectra, UV-visible spectroscopy ...and radical scavengers were investigated to explore the possible enhancement mechanism. The enhanced CL could be attributed to the catalysis of Cu nanoclusters, which effectively catalyzed the decomposition of H 2 O 2 to produce double hydroxyl radicals. The inhibiting effects of some organic compounds were also investigated. Then, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine H 2 O 2 in environmental water samples with satisfactory accuracy and precision.
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Abstract
Background
The diversified and high value-added utilization of cotton by products can promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Differences in potential nutrients among ...varieties can be explained by variations in the composition and abundance of fatty acids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. Therefore, the analysis of metabolite species and relationships in cottonseed is meaningful for the development of cotton byproducts.
Results
In this study, the metabolomes of three representative cotton cultivars of different species were compared using untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis. A total of 263 metabolites were identified from 705 peaks, and their levels were compared across cultivars. Principal component analysis and OPLS-DA clearly distinguish these samples based on metabolites. There were significant differences in the contents of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, and lipids in
G. hirsutum
TM-1 compared with
G. arboreum
Shixiya1 and
G. barbadense
Hai7124. Notably, the bioactive nutrient compound catechin obtained from the differential metabolites significantly accumulated in TM-1. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis using catechin and oil-related traits was conducted in core collections of
Gossypium hirsutum
. The results revealed the reliability of the GC-TOF/MS analysis, as well as that catechin content has a negative association with myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and total fatty acids.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis could provide a new method for investigating the underlying plant biochemistry of nutrient variation in cottonseed, and that catechin content has a negative association with oil-related traits in cottonseed. This study may pave the way to exploit the value of cotton byproducts.
Pesticides used in agriculture have low polarity and a tendency to accumulate in fatty tissues, posing potential risks to human health. Effective pre-treatment is crucial due to complex sample ...matrices and low concentrations of pesticide residues typically encountered in instrument analysis. In this study, polyaniline-coated kapok fiber (PANI-KF) was synthesized successfully using in-situ oxidative polymerization for use as sorbents in in-syringe SPME of pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous samples. Coating the natural KF with PANI maintained the hollow microtubular structure and fiber morphology while significantly enhancing the extraction efficiency. The extraction process was easily conducted by simply pulling and pushing the syringe plunger. The entire extraction process, utilizing 3 mg of PANI-KF, could be completed in approximately 3 min. Density functional theory results indicated that the adsorption mechanism of PANI-KF towards OCPs and PYRs mainly involved van der Waals interactions, π-π interactions, and weak hydrogen bonding interactions. With the coupling of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, a quantification method was established that exhibited good linearities (R2 > 0.990), and relative recoveries (87.2–108.5 %). The limits of detection ranged from 0.4 to 2.0 ng mL−1 and the matrix effects were negligible (−12.3–16.4 %). The validated in-syringe SPME-GC-MS method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in fruit juices, oral liquids and herbal extract granules with satisfactory accuracy and precision. PANI-KF exhibits remarkable promise as a sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of pesticide residues in aqueous samples, thereby contributing to the advancement of pesticide residue determination methodologies.
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•PANI-KF synthesized by in-situ oxidative polymerization maintains fiber morphology.•PANI-KF sorbent shows excellent adsorption properties for OCPs and PYRs.•PANI-KF based in-syringe SPME enables rapid extraction of pesticides (∼3 min).•Adsorption is driven by vdW, π-π, and weak hydrogen bonding interactions.•PANI-KF based in-syringe SPME-GC-MS exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Waste cotton flowers are candidate to act as a natural bioactive compound resource.•Subcritical water was first used to recover flavonoids from cotton flowers.•The optimum conditions were obtained ...by response surface methodology.•Improvements in yields of extracted bioactive compounds.
The diversified utilization of cotton waste or by-product will bring great practical benefit for the development of agriculture. In this work, withered cotton flowers were indicated to contain an abundance of bioactive compounds including various flavonols and anthocyanins, as is demonstrated by a targeted metabolomics approach. Subcritical water extraction (SWE), an environmentally friendly technique, was then applied to collect bioactive compounds from the red discarded flowers. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal parameters to extract these bioactive components with hot water and ethanol. When the extraction temperature was 180 °C, the ethanol concentration was 65 % and the solid-liquid ratio was 65 mL/g, the total content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant activity, was the best. In addition, the flavonoid compositions of SWE extracts were identified and quantified. The most abundant flavonoid was isoquercetrin, with its content of 110.54 mg/g. This study enables comprehensive utilization of the waste resources in the cotton planting process and provides a theoretical basis for a waste-to-profit solution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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