Biostimulation with inorganic fertilizer and bioaugmentation with hydrocarbon utilizing indigenous bacteria were employed as remedial options for 12 weeks in a crude oil-contaminated soil. To promote ...oil removal, biocarrier for immobilization of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was developed using peanut hull powder. Biodegradation was enhanced with free-living bacterial culture and biocarrier with a total petroleum hydrocarbon removal ranging from 26% to 61% after a 12-week treatment. Oil removal was also enhanced when peanut hull powder was only used as a bulking agent, which accelerated the mass transfer rate of water, oxygen, nutrients and hydrocarbons, and provided nutrition for the microflora. Dehydrogenase activity in soil was remarkably enhanced by the application of carrier material. Metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•The organic matter in these sediments was primarily derived from prokaryotes.•Slice-extraction experiments are a good method to assess possible contamination.•The n-alkanes in the studied samples ...were derived from varying environments.•The Pr/Ph ratios are influenced by biological sources and mineralogy.•The 1.4Ga Hongshuizhuang Formation has a low thermal maturity.
The Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation (∼1.4Ga) from northern China consists of organic-rich sediments which record important environmental and biological information from that time. Organic and element geochemistry techniques were used to assess the syngeneity and indigeneity of hydrocarbons, and the thermal maturity and biological sources of the organic matter in the Hongshuizhuang Formation. Results from a slice-extraction experiment indicate that the exterior of the core was subjected to contamination from drilling, sampling and storage, whereas the organic matter in the interior shale core slices was indigenous. The organic matter in the interior argillaceous dolomite core slices might have been affected by the migration of oil. It is important to remove the outside of the core prior to solvent extraction, as this increases the possibility of analysis of indigenous hydrocarbons.
The source rocks of the oil are the black shales of the Hongshuizhuang Formation. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon distributions indicate that the Hongshuizhuang Formation samples have a low thermal maturity in the early to middle oil window (0.6–0.8%Ro equivalent), based on comparison with middle Velkerri Formation rocks of about the same age in the McArthur Basin, northern Australia. These data are consistent with results based on the values of Tmax and protobitumen reflectance, and suggest that the samples contain well preserved organic matter that has not been thermally destroyed. The redox conditions indicated by the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios are not consistent with other evidence. The correlations between n-C20−/n-C21+, major elements and Pr/Ph indicate that the Pr/Ph ratios are influenced by biological sources and mineralogy, rather than by redox conditions. Pr and Ph may have been derived not only from chlorophyll-a, but also from archaea. The short and long chain n-alkanes in the Hongshuizhuang Formation were derived from anoxic clay-rich environments and oxic carbonate-rich environments, respectively. The biomarkers observed in the Hongshuizhuang Formation indicate that the organic matter was primarily derived from prokaryotes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an accessible and eco-friendly oxidant, was employed for the template-free hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous CeO2 based on a cerium carbonate precursor (Ce2(CO3)3•xH2O). ...Its microstructure and physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD, TEM and N2 sorption techniques. The formation of the CeO2 phase with a porous structure was strongly dependent on the presence of H2O2, while the values of the BET surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of CeO2 were generally related to the amount of H2O2 in the template-free hydrothermal synthesis. The BET surface area and pore volume of the mesoporous CeO2 synthesized hydrothermally at 180 °C with 10 mL H2O2 were 112.8 m2/g and 0.1436 cm3/g, respectively. The adsorption process had basically finished within 30 min, and the maximum adsorption efficiency within 30 min was 99.8% for the mesoporous CeO2 synthesized hydrothermally at 140 °C with 10 mL, when the initial AO7 concentration was 120 mg/L without pH preadjustment. The experimental data of AO7 adsorption were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm modes. Moreover, the mesoporous CeO2 synthesized at 140 °C with 10 mL H2O2 was regenerated in successive adsorption–desorption cycles eight times without significant loss in adsorption capacity, suggesting that the as-synthesized mesoporous CeO2 in this work was suitable as an adsorbent for the efficient adsorption of AO7 dye from an aqueous solution.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Superparamagnetic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs, Fe3O4) were first synthesized based on a chemical co–precipitation method, and the core–shell magnetic silica nanoparticles (MSNPs, Fe3O4@SiO2) were ...obtained via hydrolysis and the condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate onto Fe3O4 seed using a sol–gel process. Following that, MSNPs were immobilized using a three–step grafting strategy, where 8-hloroacetyl–aminoquinoline (CAAQ) was employed as a metal ion affinity ligand for trapping specific heavy metal ions, and a macromolecular polymer (polyethylenimine (PEI)) was selected as a bridge between the surface hydroxyl group and CAAQ to fabricate a network of organic networks onto the MSNPs’ surface. The as–synthesized MSNPs–CAAQ nanocomposites possessed abundant active functional groups and thus contained excellent removal features for heavy metal ions. Specifically, the maximum adsorption capacities at room temperature and without adjusting pH were 324.7, 306.8, and 293.3 mg/g for Fe3+, Cu2+, and Cr3+ ions, respectively, according to Langmuir linear fitting. The adsorption–desorption experiment results indicated that Na2EDTA proved to be more suitable as a desorbing agent for Cr3+ desorption on the MSNPs–CAAQ surface than HCl and HNO3. MSNPs–CAAQ exhibited a satisfactory adsorption capacity toward Cr3+ ions even after six consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles; the adsorption efficiency for Cr3+ ions was still 88.8% with 0.1 mol/L Na2EDTA as the desorbing agent. Furthermore, the MSNPs–CAAQ nanosorbent displayed a strong magnetic response with a saturated magnetization of 24.0 emu/g, and they could be easily separated from the aqueous medium under the attraction of a magnet, which could facilitate the sustainable removal of Cr3+ ions in practical applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has emerged as a disruptive solution to the "last mile" challenge in large-scale hydrogen energy applications, garnering significant global research attention. ...This paper systematically reviews the Chinese research progress in solid-state hydrogen storage material systems, thermodynamic mechanisms, and system integration. It also quantitatively assesses the market potential of solid-state hydrogen storage across four major application scenarios: on-board hydrogen storage, hydrogen refueling stations, backup power supplies, and power grid peak shaving. Furthermore, it analyzes the bottlenecks and challenges in industrialization related to key materials, testing standards, and innovation platforms. While acknowledging that the cost and performance of solid-state hydrogen storage are not yet fully competitive, the paper highlights its unique advantages of high safety, energy density, and potentially lower costs, showing promise in new energy vehicles and distributed energy fields. Breakthroughs in new hydrogen storage materials like magnesium-based and vanadium-based materials, coupled with improved standards, specifications, and innovation mechanisms, are expected to propel solid-state hydrogen storage into a mainstream technology within 10-15 years, with a market scale exceeding USD 14.3 billion. To accelerate the leapfrog development of China's solid-state hydrogen storage industry, increased investment in basic research, focused efforts on key core technologies, and streamlining the industry chain from materials to systems are recommended. This includes addressing challenges in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and hydrogen refueling stations, and building a collaborative innovation ecosystem involving government, industry, academia, research, finance, and intermediary entities to support the achievement of carbon peak and neutrality goals and foster a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The thermal maturity of lower Paleozoic graptolite-bearing marine sediments, which host many hydrocarbon deposits worldwide, has long been difficult to determine due to the absence of wood-derived ...vitrinite particles for conventional vitrinite reflectance. In 1976, graptolite reflectance was introduced as a new indicator for organic maturity of these deposits and has been used since in many regional studies. The majority of these studies, however, were done on a limited sample set and a limited range of thermal maturity, which resulted in a number of controversial views concerning the usefulness of graptolite reflectance as an alternative paleothermal indicator and its correlation with vitrinite reflectance through various proxies. In this paper, we review previous studies and combine those analyses with new data to assess the physical and chemical characteristics of graptolite periderm with increasing thermal maturity. We conclude that graptolite random reflectance (GRor) is a better parameter for the thermal maturity assessment than graptolite maximum reflectance (GRomax) due to the better quality of available data. Combining published data with results of our study of both natural and heat-treated graptolites and vitrinite, we present a new correlation between GRor and equivalent vitrinite reflectance (EqVRo), as EqVRo=0.99GRor + 0.08. Chemical composition of graptolite periderm is similar to vitrinite; graptolites are mainly kerogen Type II-III, are gas prone and have a substantial hydrocarbon potential. Lower Paleozoic graptolite-bearing organic-rich sediments are important shale gas source rocks and reservoirs globally and make a significant contribution to worldwide petroleum reserves.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rational design of new bioisosteres through introduction of high-value functional groups to bicyclo1.1.1pentane (BCP) is of particular use for drug discovery. Disclosed herein is the first access to ...valuable fluoroalkylthio(seleno)-functionalized BCPs. A range of SCF
3
, SCF
2
H, SCFH
2
, SeCF
3
, SeC
4
F
9
, and SeC
8
F
17
groups are readily incorporated to BCPs under mild conditions. Concomitant installation of a sulfone provides a platform for incorporation of the BCP motif to bioactive molecules. This practical protocol features novel BCP scaffolds, broad substrate scope, excellent atom-economy, simple operation, and gram-scale preparation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
There are too few board-certified dermatologists to treat all patients with skin disease. Primary care physicians often serve at the frontline of skin cancer screening.
To compare biopsy use among ...dermatologist physicians, dermatology advanced practice professionals (APPs), primary care physicians (PCPs), and other nondermatology clinicians.
Pathology reports, requisition forms, and clinical notes of skin biopsies submitted to our institution during the study period were reviewed. Skin biopsies for inflammatory conditions, cosmetic or functional purposes, and re-excisions were excluded. The number needed to biopsy (NNB) was calculated as the number of biopsied lesions divided by histologically proven skin cancers.
The NNB by clinician type was 2.82 for dermatology physicians, 4.69 for APPs, 4.55 for nondermatology PCPs, and 6.55 for other nondermatology clinicians (P < .001). The NNB was significant between clinician groups for nonmelanoma skin cancer (dermatology physicians, 2.00; APPs, 2.71; PCPs, 2.36; and other nondermatology clinicians, 3.47; P < .001) but not for melanoma (dermatology clinicians, 14.33; APPs, 20.78; PCPs, 27.80; and other nondermatology clinicians, 53.56; P = .061).
The NNB represents a measure of use but gives no insight into the number of malignant lesions that go unbiopsied and, therefore, undiagnosed. The prevalence of skin cancer varies among dermatology and nondermatology practices. The results are not generalizable to all practice settings.
Dermatology physicians had the lowest NNB of all clinician groups. PCPs performed similarly to dermatology APPs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In 2022, National Comprehensive Cancer Network updated the phrase of “complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA)” to “peripheral and deep en face margin assessment ...(PDEMA),” which was meant to create more consistency across all treatment modalities and provide clarity to the meaning of total margin evaluation. The aim of this project was to investigate the interpretation of PDEMA across pertinent specialties and to identify any existing knowledge gaps in hopes of improving clinical performance of institutional practice. An electronic survey was administered to medical professionals within the divisions of dermatology and otolaryngology retrieving demographic data and assessing respondents’ knowledge on tissue processing techniques and PDEMA. Of the four knowledge-based assessment questions administered, dermatology respondents answered three questions with > 80% accuracy and one question with < 65% accuracy. Otolaryngology respondents answered one question with > 80% accuracy and three with < 65% accuracy. Both groups answered the knowledge-based question evaluating the concept of “what must be true for Mohs or PDEMA to have value” with under 65% accuracy. When comparing dermatology and otolaryngology respondents, only one question which evaluated the proper methods to “achieve processing of the epidermal edge and the base of the tumor along a single plane in the lab” significantly differed between groups, with a percentage correct of 96% for dermatologists compared to 54% for otolaryngologists (
p
< 0.001). Results were found to be similar when resident physicians were removed from analysis. The overall percent correct for knowledge-based questions was shifted higher for dermatologists compared to otolaryngologists (
p
= 0.014). This trend was also redemonstrated when analyzing the data excluding residents (
p
= 0.053).
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
