Antioxidative and antiaging abilities of probiotic fermented ginseng (PG) were evaluated in
Caenorhabditis elegans
(
C. elegans
). Lifespan and effect on heat stress and acute oxidative stress in
C. ...elegans
were significantly enhanced by PG. Antioxidative enzymes such as T-SOD, GSH-PX, CAT were significantly up-regulated, and MDA, ROS and apoptosis levels were significantly down-regulated. At the same time, PG exerted antioxidant and anti-aging activities by reducing the expression of DAF-2 mRNA and increasing the expression of SKN-1 and SOD-3 mRNA in
C. elegans.
In addition, the mechanism of antioxidative and antiaging activities of PG was explored through gut microbiota sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The results of gut microbiota indicated that PG could significantly improve the composition and structure of microbes in the gut of
C. elegans
, and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was up-regulated. Untargeted metabolomic results elucidated that PG modulated antioxidant and antiaging activities through neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), pyruvate metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism of
C. elegans
. These results indicated that PG had excellent antioxidant and anti-aging activities, providing research value for the development of functional foods and improvement of aging-related diseases.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
It is important to explore the regulatory mechanism of phosphorus homeostasis in fish, which help avoid the risk of P toxicity and prevent P pollution in aquatic environment. The present study ...obtained the full-length cDNA sequences and the promoters of three SLC20 members (
,
and
) from grass carp
, and explored their responses to inorganic phosphorus (Pi). Grass carp SLC20s proteins possessed conservative domains and amino acid sites relevant with phosphorus transport. The mRNAs of three
appeared in the nine tissues, but their expression levels were tissue-dependent. The binding sites of three transcription factors (SREBP1, NRF2 and VDR) were predicted on the
promoters. The mutation and EMSA analysis indicated that: (1) SREBP1 binding site (-783/-771 bp) negatively but VDR (-260/-253 bp) binding site positively regulated the activities of
promoter; (2) SREBP1 (-1187/-1178 bp), NRF2 (-572/-561 bp) and VDR(615/-609 bp) binding sites positively regulated the activities of
promoter; (3) SREBP1 (-987/-977 bp), NRF2 (-1469/-1459 bp) and VDR (-1124/-1117 bp) binding sites positively regulated the activities of the
promoter. Moreover, Pi incubation significantly reduced the activities of three
promoters, and Pi-induced transcriptional inactivation of
promoters abolished after the mutation of the VDR element but not SREBP1 and NRF2 elements. Pi incubation down-regulated the mRNA levels of three
. For the first time, our study elucidated the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of SLC20s and their responses to Pi, which offered new insights into the Pi homeostatic regulation and provided the basis for reducing phosphorus discharge into the waters.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous studies have investigated the physiological responses in the liver of Synechogobius hasta exposed to waterborne zinc (Zn). However, at present, very little is known about the underlying ...molecular mechanisms of these responses. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to analyse the differences in the hepatic transcriptomes between control and Zn-exposed S. hasta. A total of 36,339 unigenes and 1,615 bp of unigene N50 were detected. These genes were further annotated to the Nonredundant protein (NR), Nonredundant nucleotide (Nt), Swiss-Prot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. After 60 days of Zn exposure, 708 and 237 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in energy metabolic pathways were identified, and their expression profiles suggested increased catabolic processes and reduced biosynthetic processes. These changes indicated that waterborne Zn exposure increased the energy production and requirement, which was related to the activation of the AMPK signalling pathway. Furthermore, using the primary hepatocytes of S. hasta, we identified the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in Zn-influenced energy metabolism.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mounting evidence showed that excess selenium (10.0–15.0-fold of adequate Se) intake caused severe hepatic lipid deposition in the vertebrate. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The ...study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of Se supranutrition mediated-changes of lipid deposition and metabolism. We found that dietary excessive Se addition increased hepatic TGs and glucose contents, up-regulated lipogenic enzyme activities and reduced hepatic glycogen contents. Transcriptomic and immunoblotting analysis showed that Se supranutrition significantly influenced serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)-forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)-PYGL signaling and protein levels of SELENOF. Knockdown of SELENOF and PYGL by RNA interference revealed that the AKT1-FOXO3a-PYGL axis was critical for Se supranutrition-induced lipid accumulation. Moreover, Se supranutrition-induced lipid accumulation was via the increased DNA binding capacity of FOXO3a to PYGL promoter, which increased glycogenolysis, and accordingly promoted lipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Our finding provides new insight into the mechanism of Se supranutrition-induced lipid accumulation and suggests that SELENOF may be a therapeutic target for Se supranutrition induced-lipid disorders in the vertebrates.
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•Excessive Se intake increased induced lipid deposition and decreased glycogen content;•Se decreased phosphorylation of AKT1 and affected FOXO3a nuclear translocation;•SELENOF mediated Se-induced changes of TGs and glycogen contents;•AKT1-FOXO3a-PYGL pathway mediated these physiological processes..
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The present study cloned and characterized the sequences of seven selenoproteins.•Their mRNAs were widely expressed in various tissues, but at variable levels.•Dietary Se influenced mRNA levels of ...selenoproteins in different tissues.•The study increased our understanding of biological functions of Se and selenoproteins.
Selenium (Se) appears in the selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine (Sec) and is important for the growth and development of vertebrates. The present study characterized seven selenoproteins, consisting of the GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, SELENOW, SELENOP, TXNRD2 and TXNRD3 cDNAs in various tissues of yellow catfish, explored their regulation to dietary Se addition.
3′ and 5′ RACE PCR were used to clone full-length cDNA sequences of seven selenoprotein genes (GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, SELENOW, SELENOP, TXNRD2 and TXNRD3). Their molecular characterizations were analyzed, including conservative motifs and the SECIS elements. The phylogenetic trees were generated through neighbor-joining (NJ) method with MEGA 6.0 with 1000 bootstrap replications. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to explore their mRNA tissue distribution in the heart, anterior intestine, dorsal muscle, head kidney, gill, liver, brain, spleen and mesenteric fat. Yellow catfish (mixed sex) were fed diets with dietary Se contents at 0.03 (low Se), 0.25 (adequate Se) and 6.39 (high Se) mg Se/kg, respectively, for 12 weeks, and their spleen, kidney, testis and brain were used for the determination of the mRNA levels of the seven selenoproteins.
The seven selenoproteins had similar domains to their corresponding members of other vertebrates. They were widely expressed in nine tissues, including heart, liver, brain, spleen, head kidney, dorsal muscle, mesenteric fat, anterior intestine and gill, but showed tissue-dependent expression patterns. Dietary Se addition affected the expression of the seven genes in spleen, kidney, testis and brain tissues of yellow catfish.
Taken together, our study demonstrated the characterization, expression and regulation of seven selenoproteins, which increased our understanding of the biological functions of Se and selenoproteins in fish.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present study, the length of 360, 1848 and 367 bp sequences of promoters from three subtypes of PI3K family (PI3KCa, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3) of yellow catfish
were cloned and characterized. ...Bioinformatics analysis revealed that
,
and
had different structures in their core promoter regions. The promoter regions of
and
had CpG islands but no CAAT and TATA box. In contrast, the promoter of
had the canonical TATA and CAAT box but no CpG island. The binding sites of several transcription factors, such as HNF1, STAT and NF-κB, were predicted on
promoter. The binding sites of transcription factors, such as FOXO1, PPAR-RXR, STAT, IK1, HNF6 and HNF3, were predicted on
promoter and the binding sites of FOXO1 and STAT transcription factors were predicted on
promoter. Deletion analysis indicated that these transcriptional factors were the potential regulators to mediate the activities of their promoters. Subsequent mutation analysis and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that HNF1 and IK1 directly bound with
and
promoters and negatively regulated the activities of
and
promoters, respectively. Conversely, FOXO1 directly bound with the
and
promoters and positively regulated their promoter activities. In addition, AS1842856 (AS, a potential FOXO1 inhibitor) incubation significantly reduced the relative luciferase activities of several plasmids of
and
but did not significantly influence the relative luciferase activities of the
plasmids. Moreover, by using primary hepatocytes from yellow catfish, AS incubation significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of
,
and
and reduced triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation and insulin-induced TG accumulation, as well as the activities and the mRNA levels of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Thus, the present study offers new insights into the mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of PI3Ks and for PI3Ks-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism by insulin in fish.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although changes in gut microbiome have been associated with the development of T2D and its complications, the role of the gut virome remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the gut virome ...alterations in T2D and its complications diabetic nephropathy (DN) by metagenomic sequencing of fecal viral-like particles. Compared with controls, T2D subjects, especially those with DN, had significantly lower viral richness and diversity. 81 viral species were identified to be significantly altered in T2D subjects, including a decrease in some phages (e.g. Flavobacterium phage and Cellulophaga phaga). DN subjects were depleted of 12 viral species, including Bacteroides phage, Anoxybacillus virus and Brevibacillus phage, and enriched in 2 phages (Shigella phage and Xylella phage). Multiple viral functions, particularly those of phage lysing host bacteria, were markedly reduced in T2D and DN. Strong viral-bacterial interactions in healthy controls were disrupted in both T2D and DN. Moreover, the combined use of gut viral and bacterial markers achieved a powerful diagnostic performance for T2D and DN, with AUC of 99.03% and 98.19%, respectively. Our results suggest that T2D and its complication DN are characterized by a significant decrease in gut viral diversity, changes in specific virus species, loss of multiple viral functions, and disruption of viral-bacterial correlations. The combined gut viral and bacterial markers have diagnostic potential for T2D and DN.
Abstract Objectives The aimed of this study was to investigate the value of intra-biliary contrast-enhanced ultrasound (IB-CEUS) for evaluating biliary obstruction during percutaneous transhepatic ...biliary drainage (PTBD). Materials and methods 80 patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent IB-CEUS during PTBD were enrolled. The diluted ultrasound contrast agent was injected via the drainage catheter to perform IB-CEUS. Both conventional ultrasound and IB-CEUS were used to detect the tips of the drainage catheters and to compare the detection rates of the tips. The obstructive level and degree of biliary tract were evaluated by IB-CEUS. Fluoroscopic cholangiography (FC) and computer tomography cholangiography (CTC) were taken as standard reference for comparison. Results Conventional ultrasound displayed only 43 tips (43/80, 53.8%) of the drainage catheters within the bile ducts while IB-CEUS identified all 80 tips (80/80, 100%) of the drainage catheters including 4 of them out of the bile duct ( P < 0.001). IB-CEUS made correct diagnosis in 44 patients with intrahepatic and 36 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstructions. IB-CEUS accurately demonstrated complete obstruction in 56 patients and incomplete obstruction in 21 patients. There were 3 patients with incomplete obstruction misdiagnosed to be complete obstruction by IB-CEUS. The diagnostic accuracy of biliary obstruction degree was 96.3% (77/80). Conclusion IB-CEUS could improve the visualization of the drainage catheters and evaluate the biliary obstructive level and degree during PTBD. IB-CEUS may be the potential substitute to FC in the PTBD procedure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Sarcopenia has been accepted as a new geriatric syndrome, which will become a common and important public health challenge. And angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been shown to ...improve exercise capacity in elderly without heart failure.
To evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) on physical function in elderly.
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched.
All researches included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared any kind of ACEIs with placebo or other anti-hypertensives in elderly, and provided empirical data of grip strength and 6-min walk distance change from baseline.
Risk of bias was systematically assessed by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data of grip strength and 6-min walk distance change from baseline were collected and mean differences (MDs) were calculated along with 95% CI (confidence interval) by using a random effects model.
In 3 RCTs including 337 elderly participants, ACEIs (n = 178) did not significantly improved 6-min walk distance (13.45, 95% CI: -16.71 to 43.61; P = 0.38) versus placebo or other antihypertensives (n = 159). In 3 RCTs including 499 elderly participants, grip strength was not significantly different (-0.67, 95% CI: -1.53 to 0.19; P = 0.12) between ACEIs (n = 260) and placebo or other antihypertensives (n = 239).
There exists only 4 RCTs and the number of participants is limited. Pooling of data were from different trials including different participant characteristics. And intervention is not strictly consistent.
This study shows that ACEIs can not significantly improve walk distance or the age-related decline of muscle strength for older participants in clinical trials.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Scope
: Maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methy-4-pyrone), a potent antioxidative agent, typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food. This study evaluated its effects on preventing diabetic peripheral ...neuropathy (DPN) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and explored its mechanisms.
Methods and results
: We intraperitoneally injected Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with STZ (65 mg kg
−1
, ip) and treated the rats with different doses of maltol after 4 weeks of injection. During treatment, we evaluated motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and assayed the oxidative stress, Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase activity, and apoptosis. Repeated treatment with maltol for 12 weeks significantly improved thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, increased the MNCV, elevated the Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase activity, and ameliorated oxidative stress and apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. We coincubated RSC96 cells, a Schwann cell line, with maltol and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
, 0.6 mM). Evidently, maltol increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis after injury by H
2
O
2
.
Conclusions
: Maltol was demonstrated to prevent DPN development and may provide a new alternative for the treatment of DPN.
Maltol improved the MNCV, thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase activity and anti-oxidative ability in diabetic rats, suggesting an improvement of DPN.
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