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•Release performance of P from WAS via AF-SR system was studied.•About 70% of the total P in WAS could be recovered.•Sulfate addition for P release was effective and economical.•Based ...on AF-SR system, N, P recovery and Fe, S, C recycle in WWTPs was proposed.
Iron is widely used in sewage treatment systems and enriched into waste activated sludge (WAS), which is difficult and challenging to phosphorus (P) release and recovery. This study investigated simultaneous release performance of polyphosphate and iron-phosphate from iron-rich sludge via anaerobic fermentation combined with sulfate reduction (AF-SR) system. Batch tests were performed, with results showing that AF-SR system conducted a positive effect due to the relatively low solubility of ferrous sulfide in comparison with ferric phosphate precipitates. Simulation study was performed to investigate the total P release potential from actual waste activated sludge, finding that about 70% of the total P could release with the optimized pH of 7.0–8.0 and the theoretical S2−/Fe2+ molar ratio of 1.0. A potential new blueprint of a wastewater treatment plant based on AF-SR system, towards P, N recovery and Fe, S, C recycle, was finally proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Unveiling the signal transduction of phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and its regulatory mechanisms is critical for developing the strategies toward improving plant responses to stressful ...environments. ABA signaling is perceived and mediated by multiple PYR/PYL receptors, whose post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis EL1-like (AEL) protein, a casein kinase that regulates various physiological processes, phosphorylate PYR/PYLs to promote their ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in suppressed ABA responses. Arabidopsis ael triple mutants display hypersensitive responses to ABA treatment, which is consistent with the suppressed degradation of PYR/PYL proteins. PYR/PYLs are phosphorylated in vivo and mutation of the conserved AEL phosphorylation sites results in reduced phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of PYR/PYLs, and hence enhanced ABA responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AEL-mediated phosphorylation plays crucial roles in regulating the stability and function of PYR/PYLs, providing significant insights into the post-translational regulation of PYR/PYL receptors and ABA signaling.
We show that AELs are novel components of ABA signaling and that deficiency of AELs results in hypersensitive ABA responses. AELs interact with and phosphorylate ABA receptor PYR/PYLs, but ABA can suppress the interaction between AELs and PYR/PYLs. We further demonstrate that AEL-mediated phosphorylation plays crucial roles in regulating the stability and function of PYR/PYLs, providing significant insights into the post-translational regulation of PYR/PYL receptors and ABA signaling.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Celery (Apium graveolens L.), one of the most important vegetables in Apiaceae family, is cultivated worldwide and utilized in food and cosmetic industries because it is an excellent source of ...vitamins, phenolic compounds, volatile oils and other nutrients. Celery extracts possess various medicinal properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and lowering blood glucose and serum lipid levels. With the rapid advancements in molecular biology and sequencing technology, studies on celery have been performed. Numerous molecular markers and regulatory genes have been discovered and applied to improve celery. Research advances, including genetic breeding, genomics research, function genes and chemical composition, regarding celery are reviewed in this paper. Further exploration and application trends are briefly described. This review provides a reference for basic and applied research on celery, an important Apiaceae vegetable crop.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The abnormal fibrillation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is associated with development of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (−)‐Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can bind amyloid proteins ...to inhibit the fibrillation of these proteins. However, the mechanic detail of EGCG inhibiting amyloid formation is still unclear at the molecular level. In the present work, we sought to investigate the effect of EGCG on amidated hIAPP (hIAPP‐NH2) fibrillation and aggregation by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, and also sought to gain insights into the interaction of EGCG and hIAPP22–27 by using spectroscopic experiments and quantum chemical calculations. ThT fluorescence, real‐time NMR, and TEM studies demonstrated that EGCG inhibits the formation of hIAPP‐NH2 fibrils, while promoting the formation of hIAPP‐NH2 amorphous aggregates. Phenylalanine intrinsic fluorescence and NMR studies of the EGCG/hIAPP22–27 complex revealed three important binding sites including the A ring of EGCG, residue Phe23, and residue Ile26. DFT calculations identified the dominant binding structures of EGCG/Phe23 and EGCG/Ile26 complexes, named structure I and structure II, respectively. Our study demonstrates the inhibitory mechanism of EGCG on fibrillation and aggregation of hIAPP‐NH2 in which EGCG interacts with hIAPP‐NH2 through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions between the A ring and residue Phe23 as well as hydrophobic interactions between the A ring and residue Ile26, which can thus inhibit the interpeptide interaction between hIAPP‐NH2 monomers and finally inhibit fibrillation of hIAPP‐NH2. This study agrees with and reinforces previous studies and offers an intuitive explanation at both the atomic and molecular levels. Our findings may provide an invaluable reference for the future development of new drugs in the management of diabetes.
What is the main interaction site? The inhibitory mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on fibrillation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP)‐NH2 was illustrated by experimental and computational methods. The hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions between the A ring of EGCG and residue Phe23 (see graphic, A) as well as the hydrophobic interaction between the A ring of EGCG and residue Ile26 (see graphic, B) are the main driving force of this inhibition process.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized with a majority of gut microbes, affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Gut microbiota plays a vital role in nutrient exchange, signaling ...transduction between intestinal epithelial cells, and resistance to pathogen invasion. Gut microbiota is divided into mucus layer bacteria and intestinal lumen bacteria based on the colonization distribution. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) prefers to colonize in the intestinal mucus layer, and specifically degrades mucins to produce short-chain fatty acids, providing energy for the host and promoting colonization of the bacterium itself. Degradation of mucins prompts the host to compensate for the production of more mucins, thereby maintaining the dynamics of these proteins. In the intestinal micro-ecosystem, A. muciniphila is non-pathogenic, and its colonization with suitable abundance contributes to the development of immune system, thus promoting intestinal health. The mechanisms by which A. muciniphila bears a protective role in the host intestine are currently unclear. In this review, we summarize the microenvironment for the colonization of A. muciniphila, physiological characteristics and pathophysiological impact of A. muciniphila on intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and intestinal tumors. We also provided updates for current studies on signals that A. muciniphila enhances intestinal barrier integrity and regulates immune response. Together, we conclude that A. muciniphila is a promising probiotic, which could be a microbial target for the treatment of multiple intestinal diseases.
•Akkermansia muciniphila, a commensal bacterium, plays a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal mucus integrity and dynamics.•A. muciniphila degrades mucins as carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources to produce oligosaccharides and SCFAs for the metabolism of itself and the host.•Abundance of A. muciniphila in the intestine is affected by diet, antibiotics, prebiotics, and immune regulators.•A. muciniphila alleviates the inflammatory response, reduces intestinal permeability through production of SCFAs, activation of GPRs, and inhibition of HDACs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Fine design of surface charge properties of polyamide membranes is crucial for selective ionic and molecular sieving. Traditional membranes face limitations due to their inherent negative charge and ...limited charge modification range. Herein, we report a facile ionic liquid-decoupled bulk/interfacial diffusion strategy to elaborate the double charge flips of polyamide membranes, enabling on-demand transformation from inherently negative to highly positive and near-neutral charges. The key to these flips lies in the meticulous utilization of ionic liquid that decouples intertwined bulk/interfacial diffusion, enhancing interfacial while inhibiting bulk diffusion. These charge-tunable polyamide membranes can be customized for impressive separation performance, for example, profound Cl
/SO
selectivity above 470 in sulfate recovery, ultrahigh Li
/Mg
selectivity up to 68 in lithium extraction, and effective divalent ion removal in pharmaceutical purification, surpassing many reported polyamide nanofiltration membranes. This advancement adds a new dimension to in the design of advanced polymer membranes via interfacial polymerization.
The DOT1L histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase plays an oncogenic role in MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to MLL-rearranged leukemia, DOT1L plays a ...protective role in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced melanoma development. Specifically, the DOT1L gene is located in a frequently deleted region and undergoes somatic mutation in human melanoma. Specific mutations functionally compromise DOT1L methyltransferase enzyme activity leading to reduced H3K79 methylation. Importantly, in the absence of DOT1L, UVR-induced DNA damage is inefficiently repaired, so that DOT1L loss promotes melanoma development in mice after exposure to UVR. Mechanistically, DOT1L facilitates DNA damage repair, with DOT1L-methylated H3K79 involvement in binding and recruiting XPC to the DNA damage site for nucleotide excision repair (NER). This study indicates that DOT1L plays a protective role in UVR-induced melanomagenesis.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and seriously damages the health of elderly population. Clinical drug research targeting at classic pathology hallmarks, such as ...amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein, failed to achieve effective cognitive improvement, suggesting that the pathogenesis of AD is much complicated, and there are still other unknown and undetermined important factors. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in various neuronal injury models. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that
DAPK1
variants are associated with AD risk. The activation of DAPK1 is also involved in AD-related neurodegeneration in the brain. Exploring the roles of DAPK1 in AD might help us understand the pathogenic mechanisms and find a novel promising therapeutic target in AD. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively summary the main progress of DAPK1 in the AD studies from genetic risk, neuropathological process, and clinical potential implications.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) is widely used to detect genetic mutations that cause Mendelian diseases, and has been successfully applied in combination with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to ...avoid the transmission of genetic defects. We investigated 40 nonconsanguineous families with unexplained, recurrent fetal malformations (two or more malformed fetuses) from May 2016 to December 2018. Using Trio‐WES, we identified 32 disease‐associated variants in 40 families (80% positive rate), which were subsequently verified. Known Mendelian diseases were identified in 12 families (30%), highly suspected Mendelian diseases in 12 families (30%), variants with uncertain significance in 8 families (20%), and no noticeable variants for 8 families (20%). Further analysis showed variants in 22 genes may cause fetal malformations. Four gene variants were detected in fetuses for the first time, which expanded the spectrum of the disease phenotype. Two novel candidate genes may be related to fetal malformations. Of 26 couples receiving PGD on disease‐associated genes, 3 healthy newborns were delivered, and 4 couples are undergoing pregnancies. We reported the fetal data and developed an optimized genetic testing strategy. Our finding strongly suggests the presence of single gene Mendelian disorders in 60% of those families, and PGD services for couples to have healthy babies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Wetland restoration is an important means to ensure the continuous delivery of ecosystem services by wetland ecosystems. This paper aims to assist policymakers in formulating efficient and ...sustainable wetland restoration policies by providing the results of a preference assessment study on coastal wetlands in Jiaozhou Bay in China. A choice experiment is employed to examine public preferences for alternative scenarios for Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland restoration. The restoration improvement is described in terms of four attributes: fishery resources, natural coastline, water quality and biodiversity. The result from the random parameter logit reveals that fishery resources are the strongest predictor of choice, followed by natural coastline and water quality, while biodiversity is a weaker predictor. The result also shows that individuals located nearby the coastal wetland express a higher willingness to contribute to the restoration of the coastal wetland. The findings can provide policymakers with information about tradeoffs that could be used to enhance public support and maximize the social benefits of a coastal wetland restoration program.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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