Printing image based on metasurface has attracted enormous research interests due to its subwavelength resolution, full‐color printing, and durable properties. Based on the spatially multiplexed ...pixels, the printing image using metasurface can be switched optically by altering the optical parameters, such as polarization and incident wavelength. However, such multiplexed pixel design has several problems, including the cross‐talk among different wavelengths, limitation to linear polarizations, and incapability for incident‐angle control. Here, a general method for pixel design, called the coherent pixel, which can overcome the problems and be used for multiple printing‐image switching controlled by arbitrary optical parameters (arbitrary incident angle, polarization, and wavelength) is proposed. Based on this coherent pixel, metasurface devices with novel functionalities can be realized, such as incident‐angle controlled and arbitrary polarization‐controlled printing images, which are not feasible with previous conventional pixel design method. The suitability and superiority of the coherent pixel for encryption application is also discussed. Such printing‐image switching controlled with arbitrary optical parameters should pave the way for various applications, including various functional switchable optical devices, image displays, and information encryption.
A coherent pixel design method is implemented for metasurface printing image switching under arbitrary optical conditions with different combinations of incident angle, polarization, and wavelength of light. Such a design not only stimulates metasurface devices with novel functionalities, such as incident‐angle controlled and helicity‐controlled printing images, but also enables encryption applications with improved security.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A controllable vacuum‐diffusion method for gradual phosphidation of carbon coated metallic Co nanoparticles into Co/CoP Janus nanoparticles is reported. Janus Co/CoP nanoparticles, as typical ...Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts, exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performance in various electrolytes across wide pH range along with high durability. The Mott–Schottky Co/CoP catalyst can work as bifunctional electrode materials for overall water splitting in wide pH range and can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in neutral electrolyte at only 1.51 V.
Mott–Schottky type Janus Co/CoP nanoparticles are constructed by a proof‐of‐concept strategy, promoting the overall water splitting activity as typical Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts. The electron redistribution at the Co/CoP interface significantly and generally boosts the catalytic activity of Janus nanoparticles for both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction across a wide pH range.
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Production of ammonia is currently realized by the Haber-Bosch process, while electrochemical N
fixation under ambient conditions is recognized as a promising green substitution in the near future. A ...lack of efficient electrocatalysts remains the primary hurdle for the initiation of potential electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia. For cheaper metals, such as copper, limited progress has been made to date. In this work, we boost the N
reduction reaction catalytic activity of Cu nanoparticles, which originally exhibited negligible N
reduction reaction activity, via a local electron depletion effect. The electron-deficient Cu nanoparticles are brought in a Schottky rectifying contact with a polyimide support which retards the hydrogen evolution reaction process in basic electrolytes and facilitates the electrochemical N
reduction reaction process under ambient aqueous conditions. This strategy of inducing electron deficiency provides new insight into the rational design of inexpensive N
reduction reaction catalysts with high selectivity and activity.
Metalens research has made major advances in recent years. These advances rely on the simple design principle of arranging meta‐atoms in regular arrays to create an arbitrary phase and polarization ...profile. Unfortunately, the concept of equally spaced meta‐atoms reaches its limit for high deflection angles where the deflection efficiency decreases. The efficiency can be increased using nano‐antennas with multiple elements, but their polarization sensitivity hinders their application in metalenses. Here, it is shown that by designing polarization‐insensitive dimer nano‐antennas and abandoning the principle of equally spaced unit cells, polarization‐insensitive ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA = 1.48) oil‐immersion operation with an efficiency of 42% can be demonstrated. This represents a significant improvement on other polarization‐insensitive designs at visible wavelength. This single layer metalens is used to replace a conventional objective lens and demonstrates the confocal scanning microscopic imaging of a grating with a period of 300 nm at 532 nm operating wavelength. Overall, the results experimentally demonstrate a novel design concept that further improves metalens performance.
A polarization‐insensitive metalens is realized using dimer nano‐antennas. The polarization insensitive operation and the very high efficiency of 42% at 532 nm operation for an NA = 1.48 is achieved by placing the nano‐antennas onto an adaptive grid. Optical imaging is demonstrated with 300 nm resolution.
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NOx− reduction acts a pivotal part in sustaining globally balanced nitrogen cycle and restoring ecological environment, ammonia (NH3) is an excellent energy carrier and the most valuable product ...among all the products of NOx− reduction reaction, the selectivity of which is far from satisfaction due to the intrinsic complexity of multiple‐electron NOx−‐to‐NH3 process. Here, we utilize the Schottky barrier‐induced surface electric field, by the construction of high density of electron‐deficient Ni nanoparticles inside nitrogen‐rich carbons, to facilitate the enrichment and fixation of all NOx− anions on the electrode surface, including NO3− and NO2−, and thus ensure the final selectivity to NH3. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that NOx− anions were continuously captured by the electrode with largely enhanced surface electric field, providing excellent Faradaic efficiency of 99 % from both electrocatalytic NO3− and NO2− reduction. Remarkably, the NH3 yield rate could reach the maximum of 25.1 mg h−1 cm−2 in electrocatalytic NO2− reduction reaction, outperforming the maximum in the literature by a factor of 6.3 in neutral solution. With the universality of our electrocatalyst, all sorts of available electrolytes containing NOx− pollutants, including seawater or wastewater, could be directly used for ammonia production in potential through sustainable electrochemical technology.
The tunable surface electric field induced by Schottky barrier boosts the reduction of NOx− in water for ammonia production. The tunable amounts of Ni nanoparticles inside a nitrogen‐rich carbon support could gradually enhance the surface electric field for enriching and fixation of NOx− anions, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 99 % for ammonia production from both electrocatalytic NO3− and NO2− reduction.
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The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in carcinogenesis, but the functional role and mechanism of UPR‐associated bladder carcinogenesis remain to be characterized. Upon UPR ...activation, ATF6α is activated to upregulate the transcription of UPR target genes. Although the mechanism of ATF6 activation has been studied extensively, the negative regulation of ATF6 stabilization is not well understood. Here, we report that the deubiquitinase otubain 1 (OTUB1) facilitates bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. OTUB1 expression is raised in bladder cancer patients. Genetic ablation of OTUB1 markedly inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, viability, and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase pathway screening showed that ATF6 signaling was clearly activated compared with other pathways. OTUB1 was found to activate ATF6 signaling by inhibiting its ubiquitylation, thereby remodeling the stressed cells through transcriptional regulation. Our results show that high OTUB1 expression promotes bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 and that OTUB1 is a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Our results show that high OTUB1 expression promotes bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 and that OTUB1 is a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Purpose
To investigate the role of computed tomography (CT) radiomics for the preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in gastric cancer.
Materials and methods
This retrospective study ...included 247 consecutive patients (training cohort, 197 patients; test cohort, 50 patients) with surgically proven gastric cancer. Dedicated radiomics prototype software was used to segment lesions on preoperative arterial phase (AP) CT images and extract features. A radiomics model was constructed to predict the LN metastasis by using a random forest (RF) algorithm. Finally, a nomogram was built incorporating the radiomics scores and selected clinical predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to validate the capability of the radiomics model and nomogram on both the training and test cohorts.
Results
The radiomics model showed a favorable discriminatory ability in the training cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.844 (95% CI, 0.759 to 0.909), which was confirmed in the test cohort with an AUC of 0.837 (95% CI, 0.705 to 0.926). The nomogram consisted of radiomics scores and the CT-reported LN status showed excellent discrimination in the training and test cohorts with AUCs of 0.886 (95% CI, 0.808 to 0.941) and 0.881 (95% CI, 0.759 to 0.956), respectively.
Conclusions
The CT-based radiomics nomogram holds promise for use as a noninvasive tool in the individual prediction of LN metastasis in gastric cancer.
Key Points
• CT radiomics showed a favorable performance for the prediction of LN metastasis in gastric cancer.
• Radiomics model outperformed the routine CT in predicting LN metastasis in gastric cancer.
• The radiomics nomogram holds potential in the individualized prediction of LN metastasis in gastric cancer.
The prevalence and prognosis of digestive system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, in patients with COVID-19 remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the effects ...of COVID-19 on the digestive system.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published between Jan 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020. The websites of WHO, CDC, and major journals were also searched. We included studies that reported the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 and the prevalence of gastrointestinal findings in infected patients, and excluded preprints, duplicate publications, reviews, editorials, single case reports, studies pertaining to other coronavirus-related illnesses, and small case series (<10 cases). Extracted data included author; date; study design; country; patient demographics; number of participants in severe and non-severe disease groups; prevalence of clinical gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and belching; and digestive system comorbidities including liver disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Raw data from studies were pooled to determine effect estimates.
We analysed findings from 35 studies, including 6686 patients with COVID-19, that met inclusion criteria. 29 studies (n=6064) reported gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at diagnosis, and the pooled prevalence of digestive system comorbidities was 4% (95% CI 2-5; range 0-15; I
=74%). The pooled prevalence of digestive symptoms was 15% (10-21; range: 2-57; I
=96%) with nausea or vomiting, diarrhoea, and loss of appetite being the three most common symptoms. The pooled prevalence of abnormal liver functions (12 studies, n=1267) was 19% (9-32; range 1-53; I
=96%). Subgroup analysis showed patients with severe COVID-19 had higher rates of abdominal pain (odds ratio OR 7·10 95% CI 1·93-26·07; p=0·003; I
=0%) and abnormal liver function including increased ALT (1·89 1·30-2·76; p=0·0009; I
=10%) and increased AST (3·08 2·14-4·42; p<0·00001; I
=0%) compared with those with non-severe disease. Patients in Hubei province, where the initial COVID-19 outbreak occurred, were more likely to present with abnormal liver functions (p<0·0001) compared with those outside of Hubei. Paediatric patients with COVID-19 had a similar prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms to those of adult patients. 10% (95% CI 4-19; range 3-23; I
=97%) of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alone without respiratory features. Patients who presented with gastrointestinal system involvement had delayed diagnosis (standardised mean difference 2·85 95% CI 0·22-5·48; p=0·030; I
=73%). Patients with gastrointestinal involvement tended to have a poorer disease course (eg, acute respiratory distress syndrome OR 2·96 95% CI 1·17-7·48; p=0·02; I
=0%).
Our study showed that digestive symptoms and liver injury are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19. Increased attention should be paid to the care of this unique group of patients.
None.
Potassium and nitrogen are essential macronutrients for plant growth and have a positive impact on crop yield. Previous studies have indicated that the absorption and translocation of K+ and NO3
− ...are correlated with each other in plants; however, the molecular mechanism that coordinates K+ and NO3
− transport remains unknown. In this study, using a forward genetic approach, we isolated a low-K+-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, lks2, that showed a leaf chlorosis phenotype under low-K+ conditions. LKS2 encodes the transporter NRT1.5/NPF7.3, a member of the NRT1/PTR (Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter) family. The lks2/nrt1.5 mutants exhibit a remarkable defect in both K+ and NO3
− translocation from root to shoot, especially under low-K+ conditions. This study demonstrates that LKS2 (NRT1.5) functions as a proton-coupled H+/K+ antiporter. Proton gradient can promote NRT1.5-mediated K+ release out of root parenchyma cells and facilitate K+ loading into the xylem. This study reveals that NRT1.5 plays a crucial role in K+ translocation from root to shoot and is also involved in the coordination of K+/NO3
− distribution in plants.
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