The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fueled xenophobia against Chinese Americans. We examined the rates of 6 types of COVID-19 racism and racial discrimination experienced by Chinese ...American parents and youth and the associations with their mental health.
We recruited a population-based sample of Chinese American families to participate in this self-reported survey study conducted from March 14, 2020, to May 31, 2020. Eligible parent participants identified as ethnically/racially Chinese, lived in the United States, and had a 4- to 18-year-old child; their eligible children were 10 to 18 years old.
The sample included 543 Chinese American parents (mean SD age, 43.44 6.47 years; 425 mothers 78.3%), and their children (
= 230; mean SD age, 13.83 2.53 years; 111 girls 48.3%). Nearly half of parents and youth reported being directly targeted by COVID-19 racial discrimination online (parents: 172 31.7%; youth: 105 45.7%) and/or in person (parents: 276 50.9%; youth: 115 50.2%). A total of 417 (76.8%) parents and 176 (76.5%) youth reported at least 1 incident of COVID-19 vicarious racial discrimination online and/or in person (parents: 481 88.5%; youth: 211 91.9%). A total of 267 (49.1%) parents and 164 (71.1%) youth perceived health-related Sinophobia in America, and 274 (50.4%) parents and 129 (56.0%) youth perceived media-perpetuated Sinophobia. Higher levels of parent- and youth-perceived racism and racial discrimination were associated with their poorer mental health.
Health care professionals must attend to the racism-related experiences and mental health needs of Chinese Americans parents and their children throughout the COVID-19 pandemic via education and making appropriate mental health referrals.
Two improved torque-sharing functions for implementing torque ripple minimization (TRM) control are presented in this paper. The proposed torque-sharing functions are dependent on the turn-on angle, ...overlap angle, and the expected torque. This study shows that for a given torque the turn-on angle and the overlap angle have significant effects upon speed range, maximum speed, copper loss, and efficiency. Hence, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the turn-on angle and the overlap angle at various expected torque demands operating under the proposed TRM control in order to maximize the speed range and minimize the copper loss. Furthermore, four torque-sharing functions are used to derive the optimized results. At the same time, a fast and accurate online approach to compute the optimal turn-on and overlap angles is proposed. Therefore, this paper provides a valuable method to improve the performances of switched reluctance motor drives operating under TRM control.
Background. “Frailty” is an adverse, primarily gerontologic, health condition regarded as frequent with aging and having severe consequences. Although clinicians claim that the extremes of frailty ...can be easily recognized, a standardized definition of frailty has proved elusive until recently. This article evaluates the cross-validity, criterion validity, and internal validity in the Women's Health and Aging Studies (WHAS) of a discrete measure of frailty recently validated in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods. The frailty measure developed in CHS was delineated in the WHAS data sets. Using latent class analysis, we evaluated whether criteria composing the measure aggregate into a syndrome. We verified the criterion validity of the measure by testing whether participants defined as frail were more likely than others to develop adverse geriatric outcomes or to die. Results. The distributions of frailty in the WHAS and CHS were comparable. In latent class analyses, the measures demonstrated strong internal validity vis à vis stated theory characterizing frailty as a medical syndrome. In proportional hazards models, frail women had a higher risk of developing activities of daily living (ADL) and/or instrumental ADL disability, institutionalization, and death, independently of multiple potentially confounding factors. Conclusions. The findings of this study are consistent with the widely held theory that conceptualizes frailty as a syndrome. The frailty definition developed in the CHS is applicable across diverse population samples and identifies a profile of high risk of multiple adverse outcomes.
More and more users are eager to obtain more comprehensive network services without revealing their private information. Traditionally, in order to access a network, a user is authorized with an ...identity and corresponding keys, which are generated and managed by the network operator. All users' personally identifying information are centralized stored by the network operator. However, this approach makes users lose the control of their personally identifying information. Users are concerned about who can access these sensitive data and whether they have been compromised. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based identity management and authentication scheme for mobile networks, where users' identifying information are controlled by the users themselves. Our scheme let users generate their self-sovereign identities (SSIs) and corresponding public keys and private keys. The private key used to authenticate the user's identifying information is only known to the user. We use blockchain to record SSIs and public keys of legitimate user, and adopt chameleon hash to delete illegal users' information on the blockchain, while keeping the block head unchanged. Furthermore, other service providers can obtain the user's SSI and public key and authenticate users by querying the blockchain. Experimental results confirm that our scheme can greatly reduce the revocation overhead and communication overhead.
Gene-gene interactions have long been recognized to be fundamentally important for understanding genetic causes of complex disease traits. At present, identifying gene-gene interactions from ...genome-wide case-control studies is computationally and methodologically challenging. In this paper, we introduce a simple but powerful method, named “BOolean Operation-based Screening and Testing” (BOOST). For the discovery of unknown gene-gene interactions that underlie complex diseases, BOOST allows examination of all pairwise interactions in genome-wide case-control studies in a remarkably fast manner. We have carried out interaction analyses on seven data sets from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC). Each analysis took less than 60 hr to completely evaluate all pairs of roughly 360,000 SNPs on a standard 3.0 GHz desktop with 4G memory running the Windows XP system. The interaction patterns identified from the type 1 diabetes data set display significant difference from those identified from the rheumatoid arthritis data set, although both data sets share a very similar hit region in the WTCCC report. BOOST has also identified some disease-associated interactions between genes in the major histocompatibility complex region in the type 1 diabetes data set. We believe that our method can serve as a computationally and statistically useful tool in the coming era of large-scale interaction mapping in genome-wide case-control studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In many species, sexual differentiation is a vital prelude to reproduction, and disruption of this process can have severe fitness effects, including sterility. It is thus interesting that genetic ...systems governing sexual differentiation vary among-and even within-species. To understand these systems more, we investigated a rare example of a frog with three sex chromosomes: the Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that natural populations from the western and eastern edges of Ghana have a young Y chromosome, and that a male-determining factor on this Y chromosome is in a very similar genomic location as a previously known female-determining factor on the W chromosome. Nucleotide polymorphism of expressed transcripts suggests genetic degeneration on the W chromosome, emergence of a new Y chromosome from an ancestral Z chromosome, and natural co-mingling of the W, Z, and Y chromosomes in the same population. Compared to the rest of the genome, a small sex-associated portion of the sex chromosomes has a 50-fold enrichment of transcripts with male-biased expression during early gonadal differentiation. Additionally, X. tropicalis has sex-differences in the rates and genomic locations of recombination events during gametogenesis that are similar to at least two other Xenopus species, which suggests that sex differences in recombination are genus-wide. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations associated with recombination suppression on sex chromosomes, demonstrate that several characteristics of old and established sex chromosomes (e.g., nucleotide divergence, sex biased expression) can arise well before sex chromosomes become cytogenetically distinguished, and show how these characteristics can have lingering consequences that are carried forward through sex chromosome turnovers.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the advances of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Service Function Chain (SFC) has been becoming a popular paradigm to carry and complete network ...services. Such new computing and networking paradigm enables Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) to be placed in software entities/virtual machines over a network of physical equipments in elastic and flexible way with low capital and operation expenses. VNFs are chained together to steer traffic as needed. However, most of the existing traffic steering and routing path computation algorithms for SFC are complex, unscalable, and low time-efficiency. In this paper, we study the VNF Selection and Chaining Problem (VNF-SCP) in SDN/NFV-enabled networks. We formulate VNF-SCP as a Binary Integer Programming (BIP) model in order to compute routing path for each SFC Request (SFCR) with the minimum end-to-end delay. Then, a novel Deep Learning-based Two-Phase Algorithm (DL-TPA) is introduced, where VNF selection network and VNF chaining network are designed to achieve intelligent and efficient VNF selection and chaining for SFCRs. Performance evaluation shows that DL-TPA can achieve high prediction accuracy and time efficiency of routing path computation, and the overall network performance can be improved significantly.
In order to cope with the explosive growth of mobile traffic, many traffic offloading schemes such as heterogenous networks have been developed to enhance network capacity of the Radio Access Network ...(RAN). Among them, networking of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites promises to significantly improve the RAN performance due to its economical prospect and advantages in high bandwidth and low latency. In this paper, by introducing the cache-enabled LEO satellite network as a part of RAN, we propose an integrated satellite/terrestrial cooperative transmission scheme to enable an energy-efficient RAN by offloading traffic from base stations through satellite's broadcast transmission. Considering energy-constraints of satellites, we then formulate a nonlinear fractional programming problem aiming at optimizing transmission energy efficiency of the system. In order to effectively solve this problem, we transform it into an equivalent one, and then adopt iteration and sub-problem decomposition to obtain the optimal solution for each optimization variable, i.e., block placement, power allocation, and cache sharing variable. Numerical results show that compared with traditional terrestrial scheme, our cooperative transmission scheme achieves significant performance improvement in terms of traffic offloading and energy efficiency, especially in an environment of high request consistency degree.
Z3CN20-09M steels of primary circuit piping in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant were studied on the microstructure evolution and fracture behaviors after thermal aging at 400°C for up to 20,000h. The ...impact toughness of aged materials decreases a lot with aging time, and the impact fracture features change from ductile dimples into brittle cleavages in ferrite and tearing in austenite. Nano-indentation tests indicate that hardness in ferrite continuously increases with aging time. After long-term aging, ferrite decomposes into coherent Cr-rich and Fe-rich domains, and extensive G-phases precipitate homogeneously in ferrite, but no precipitate in austenite. Spinodal decomposition in ferrite leads to the thermal aging embrittlement in CASS. G-phase, with the Fm-3m space group and the lattice parameter of 1.14nm, adopts a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with the ferrite matrix.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
N
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flooding in pores and water percolation in fissure is analyzed in-depth to investigate the permeability reduction caused by coalbed methane displacement in low-permeability coal seam in China. ...Using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), the transverse relaxation time spectrum (
T
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spectrum) was carried out for tight intact and fractured coal. The
T
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spectra were obtained for saturated samples containing adsorption pores (AP), percolation pores (PP), and migration pores (MP), as well as one-, two-, and three-dimensional spatial distributions of water content. The spatial distribution of the water in the displacement process of tight coal was finely characterized by low-field NMRI. Our results show that the water displacement by N
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in AP, PP, and MP requires a high to low pressure gradient and they play different functions of percolation. And the study revealed that there is no obvious gas–liquid interface during N
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flooding in tight coal. The results show that PP play an important role in water transfer and pressure transmission during the N
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flooding process, which assists in forming connected channels from nonpenetrative cracks. PP themselves can also form percolation channels and transmit pressure.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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