In 2018, we will celebrate the 40th anniversary of Genetics Society of China （GSC）, which was founded in Nanjing, China in October, 1978, soon after China adopted an open door policy for reform. One ...major mission of GSC during its inception was to publish a genetics journal, aiming to provide a window for Chinese geneticists to showcase their new discoveries. In fact, a genetics journal named Acta Genetica Sinica （AGS） had been published since June of 1974 （Fig. 1 ）. This journal published two issues in its first year in Chinese. The first issue covered breeding and genetics of several crop plants, including wheat, tobacco, maize, octoploid triticale, peanut and upland cotton, protoplast isolation and fusion, observation of cell nuclei during mouse spermatogenesis, derivation of early season rice, etiology and pathogenesis of favism, a good collection of Chinese genetic studies then.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
The National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB), provides a family of database resources to support global research in both academia and ...industry. With the explosively accumulated multi-omics data at ever-faster rates, CNCB-NGDC is constantly scaling up and updating its core database resources through big data archive, curation, integration and analysis. In the past year, efforts have been made to synthesize the growing data and knowledge, particularly in single-cell omics and precision medicine research, and a series of resources have been newly developed, updated and enhanced. Moreover, CNCB-NGDC has continued to daily update SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, variants, haplotypes and literature. Particularly, OpenLB, an open library of bioscience, has been established by providing easy and open access to a substantial number of abstract texts from PubMed, bioRxiv and medRxiv. In addition, Database Commons is significantly updated by cataloguing a full list of global databases, and BLAST tools are newly deployed to provide online sequence search services. All these resources along with their services are publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn.
Key message
The DEAD-Box RNA helicase Os
TOGR1
positively regulates heat stress tolerance in Chinese cabbage.
Non-heading Chinese cabbage (
Brassica rapa
L. ssp.
chinensis
) is primarily cultivated ...vegetable crop in Asian countries. Heat stress is one of the major threats for its growth and yield. Numerous regulatory genes in various crops have shown to contribute thermotolerance. Among them, Thermotolerant growth required 1 (
TOGR1
) is an important DEAD-box RNA helicase. To examine whether its role is conserved in other crops, we constructed
pCAMBIA1300-pHSP:OsTOGR1
expression vector driven by the rice small heat shock protein promoter (p
HSP17.9
) and successfully produced transgenic non-heading Chinese cabbage plants expressing
OsTOGR1
gene via
Agrobacterium
-mediated vacuum infiltration transformation
.
In total, we generated three independent transgenic cabbage lines expressing
TOGR1
gene. Expression and integration of
TOGR1
was confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and qPCR in T
1
and T
2
generations. The relative leaf electrical conductivity of transgenic seedlings was reduced subjected to high temperature (38 °C) compared to heat shock treatment (46 °C). In addition, hypocotyl length of transgenic seedlings increased compared to wild-type plants under high temperature and heat shock treatment. Furthermore, the transgenic plants exhibited higher chlorophyll content than wild-type plants under high temperature and heat shock treatment. The transgenic seeds displayed better germination under heat shock treatment. Tested heat stress-responsive genes were also up-regulated in the transgenic plants subjected to high temperature or heat shock treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on describing the role of DAED-Box RNA helicases in improving heat stress tolerance of transgenic plants.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Polarized tip growth is a fundamental cellular process in many eukaryotes. In this study, we examined the dynamic restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton and its relationship to vesicle transport ...during pollen tip growth in Arabidopsis. We found that actin filaments originating from the apical membrane form a specialized structure consisting of longitudinally aligned actin bundles at the cortex and inner cytoplasmic fila- ments with a distinct distribution. Using actin-based pharmacological treatments and genetic mutants in combination with FRAP （fluorescence recovery after photobleaching） technology to visualize the transport of vesicles within the growth domain of pollen tubes, we demonstrated that cortical actin filaments facilitate tip-ward vesicle transport. We also discovered that the inner apical actin filaments prevent backward movement of vesicles, thus ensuring that sufficient vesicles accumulate at the pollen tube tip to support the rapid growth of the pollen tube. The combinatorial effect of cortical and internal apical actin filaments perfectly explains the generation of the inverted ＂V＂ cone-shaped vesicle distribution pattern at the pollen tube tip. When pollen tubes turn, apical actin filaments at the facing side undergo depolymerization and repolymerization to reorient the apical actin structure toward the new growth direction. This actin restructuring precedes vesicle accumulation and changes in tube morphology. Thus, our study provides new insights into the functional relationship between actin dynamics and vesicle transport during rapid and directional pollen tube growth.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Bread wheat is an allohexaploid species with a 16-Gb genome that has large intergenic regions, which presents a big challenge for pinpointing regulatory elements and further revealing the ...transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Chromatin profiling to characterize the combinatorial patterns of chromatin signatures is a powerful means to detect functional elements and clarify regulatory activities in human studies.
In the present study, through comprehensive analyses of the open chromatin, DNA methylome, seven major chromatin marks, and transcriptomic data generated for seedlings of allohexaploid wheat, we detected distinct chromatin architectural features surrounding various functional elements, including genes, promoters, enhancer-like elements, and transposons. Thousands of new genic regions and cis-regulatory elements are identified based on the combinatorial pattern of chromatin features. Roughly 1.5% of the genome encodes a subset of active regulatory elements, including promoters and enhancer-like elements, which are characterized by a high degree of chromatin openness and histone acetylation, an abundance of CpG islands, and low DNA methylation levels. A comparison across sub-genomes reveals that evolutionary selection on gene regulation is targeted at the sequence and chromatin feature levels. The divergent enrichment of cis-elements between enhancer-like sequences and promoters implies these functional elements are targeted by different transcription factors.
We herein present a systematic epigenomic map for the annotation of cis-regulatory elements in the bread wheat genome, which provides new insights into the connections between chromatin modifications and cis-regulatory activities in allohexaploid wheat.
Abstract
The National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB), provides a suite of database resources to support worldwide research activities in both ...academia and industry. With the explosive growth of multi-omics data, CNCB-NGDC is continually expanding, updating and enriching its core database resources through big data deposition, integration and translation. In the past year, considerable efforts have been devoted to 2019nCoVR, a newly established resource providing a global landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences, variants, and haplotypes, as well as Aging Atlas, BrainBase, GTDB (Glycosyltransferases Database), LncExpDB, and TransCirc (Translation potential for circular RNAs). Meanwhile, a series of resources have been updated and improved, including BioProject, BioSample, GWH (Genome Warehouse), GVM (Genome Variation Map), GEN (Gene Expression Nebulas) as well as several biodiversity and plant resources. Particularly, BIG Search, a scalable, one-stop, cross-database search engine, has been significantly updated by providing easy access to a large number of internal and external biological resources from CNCB-NGDC, our partners, EBI and NCBI. All of these resources along with their services are publicly accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn.
We used a cDNA microarray approach to monitor the expression profile of rice (Oryza sativa) under cold stress and identified 328 cold-regulated genes. Thirteen such genes encoding MYB, homeodomain, ...and zinc finger proteins with unknown functions showed a significant change in expression under 72-h cold stress. Among them, OsMYB3R-2 was selected for further study. Unlike most plant R2R3 MYB transcription factors, OsMYB3R-2 has three imperfect repeats in the DNA-binding domain, the same as in animal c-MYB proteins. Expression of OsMYB3R-2 was induced by cold, drought, and salt stress. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transgenic plants overexpressing OsMYB3R-2 showed increased tolerance to cold, drought, and salt stress, and the seed germination of transgenic plants was more tolerant to abscisic acid or NaCl than that of wild type. The expression of some clod-related genes, such as dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A, COR15a, and RCI2A, was increased to a higher level in OsMYB3R-2-overexpressing plants than in wild type. These results suggest that OsMYB3R-2 acts as a master switch in stress tolerance.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Journal of Genetics and Genomics （JGG）, sponsored by the Genetics Society of China and Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has become a high-quality societal ...journal in the fields of genetics and genomics by a joint effort of our authors, editorial board members and editorial office.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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