Modern‐day Çorum is the homeland of the Hatti people, the culture that went on to form the Hittite Empire. Resuloğlu, which dates back to the latter half of the Early Bronze Age (ca. ...2,500/2400–2,100/2050 BC), is a unique Hatti site with its settlement and cemetery areas systematically excavated. Among thousands of beads found at Resuloğlu, various materials were identified such as ceramic, copper and its alloys, carnelian, shells, and blue, green, and white‐colored beads. The microstructure and chemical compositions of 26 morphologically similar, colored beads were analyzed by optical microscopy, ICP–MS, XRD, and EPMA and are the focus of this paper. The results demonstrate faience bead production with efflorescence and cementation glazing techniques. The abundance of the raw materials at the Halys Basin (Central Anatolia) signals a local production, and there is a suggestion of a relationship with copper metallurgy.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Central and Eastern Anatolian plateaus are integral parts of the world's third largest orogenic plateau. In the past decade, geophysical surveys have provided insights into the crust, ...lithosphere, and mantle beneath Eastern Anatolia. These observations are now accompanied by recent surveys in Central Anatolia and new data constraining the timing and magnitude of uplift along its northern and southern margins. Together with predictions from geodynamic models on the effects of various processes on surface deformation and uplift, the observations can be integrated to identify probable mechanisms of Anatolian Plateau growth.
A changeover from shortening to extension along the southern margin of Central Anatolia that is coeval with the start of uplift can be most easily associated with oceanic slab break-off and tearing. This interpretation is supported by tomography, deep seismicity (or lack thereof), and gravity data. Based on the timing of uplift, geophysical and geochemical observations, and model predictions, slab break-off likely occurred first beneath Eastern Anatolia in middle to late Miocene time, and propagated westward toward Cyprus by the latest Miocene. Alternatively, the break-off near Cyprus could have occurred in late Pliocene to early Pleistocene time, in association with collision of the Eratosthenes Seamount (continental fragment) with the subduction zone. Uplift at the northern margin of Central Anatolia appears to result from crustal shortening starting in the late Miocene or early Pliocene, which has been linked to the broad restraining bend of the North Anatolian Fault. The uplift history of the interior of Central Anatolia since the late Miocene is unclear, although shortening there appears to have ended by the late Miocene, followed by NE–SW extension. This change in the deformation style broadly coincides with faster retreat of the Hellenic trench as well as uplift of the northern and southern margins of Central Anatolia.
These different events throughout the plateau may be linked, as faster retreat of the Hellenic trench has been predicted to occur after slab break-off, which could have induced extension of Central Anatolia and helped to form the North Anatolian Fault through accelerated westward movement of Anatolia relative to Eurasia. Correlative geochronologic evidence that we summarize here supports the hypothesis that the geodynamic activity throughout the Aegean–Anatolian domain starting in latest Miocene to early Pliocene time defines a series of events that may all be linked to slab break-off.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
We aimed to create an ideal ointment combination to provide fast wound healing with the highest patient comfort after nasal surgery and nasal flap surgery.
Twenty-one male Wistar rats were included. ...The flap survival method was used. The rats' healing process was evaluated in all groups. After having the same surgical procedure, the following ointments were applied to flap borders twice a day for seven days in each of the groups. In group 1 (Control, n=7), Dexpanthenol 5% (Dex); in group 2, Dex, Ciprofloxacin 0.5 % (Cip) and Ephedrine hydrochloride 1% (Eph); in group 3, Dex+Cip+Eph and Ketoprofen 2.5% (Ket) was applied. On the seventh postoperative day, the size of the necrosis on the flap was evaluated.
Median necrotic areas on skin flaps were 36.00% sq mm in group 1, 23.00% sq mm in group 2, and 5.00% sq mm in group 3. Flap necrosis areas on skin flaps were group 3 <group 2 <group 1 (p adjusted <0.0175). The necrosis areas of groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than the control group, and the necrosis areas of group 3 were significantly lower than group 2 (p adjusted <0.0175).
For the postoperative healing process and to prevent flap necrosis, the Dex+Cip+Eph+Ket combination was recommended in the first order. Dex+Cip+Eph combination also reduced skin necrosis in the flaps as the second order. Only Dex treatment is not enough for the completion of the healing process. The best results were provided by the Dex+Cip+Eph+Ket combination and recommended its usage after septorhinoplasty surgeries or nasal flap surgeries to prevent flap necrosis.
The Laplacian matrix is of fundamental importance in the study of graphs, networks, random walks on lattices, and arithmetic of curves. In certain cases, the trace of its pseudoinverse appears as the ...only non-trivial term in computing some of the intrinsic graph invariants. Here we study a double sum
F
n
which is associated with the trace of the pseudo inverse of the Laplacian matrix for certain graphs. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of this sum as
n
→ ∞. Our approach is based on classical analysis combined with asymptotic and numerical analysis, and utilizes special functions. We determine the leading-order term, which is of size
n
2
log
n
, and develop general methods to obtain the secondary main terms in the asymptotic expansion of
F
n
up to errors of
O
(
l
o
g
n
)
and
O
(
1
)
as
n
→ ∞. We provide some examples to demonstrate our methods.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
5.
3D CITY MODELS AS A 3D CADASTRAL LAYER: THE CASE OF TKGM MODEL Dursun, İ.; Aslan, M.; Cankurt, İ. ...
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
01/2022, Volume:
XLIII-B4-2022
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Optimal land administration systems; It aims to record data in a comprehensive, sustainable and accessible way, although it includes individual/public rights and restrictions in 3 dimensions (3D) as ...well as in 2 dimensions (2D) of the land. The systems developed within the scope of the objectives will provide a basis for planning activities in a broad sense, and will enable public institutions and organizations to use the land effectively and to provide services. Modern land administration systems; In addition to the 2nd Dimension of the land, it is expected to record and secure the individual/public rights and restrictions in the 3rd Dimension in a continuous, accessible, and comprehensive manner to provide a basis for planning activities in a broad sense and to support the taxation activities of the public.On the other hand, with the new system designed, in addition to the own data of the institutions, interoperability will be ensured with the data produced or recorded by other institutions. This situation enables the creation of a Model that includes 3D data and geospatial data from different sources created by institutions, with the effect of developing technology.In this study, The General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (TKGM) carried out the interoperability of the data in Amasya district combining them under a single roof and creating a model, together with all the above-mentioned data sets, depending on the new requirements based on developing technologies. Within the scope of TKGM Model, 3D photogrammetric models, 3D modelled indoor data from physical architectural projects and other attributes of land administration were used.
The Ecemiş Fault Zone (EF) has been recognized as a major left lateral strike-slip fault in the Central Anatolian Fault Zone (CAFZ) of Turkey. However, its Quaternary slip-rate has been challenging ...to determine due to the difficulty of dating offset markers. Using high-precision offset measurements and 36Cl cosmogenic nuclide dating, we present the first geochronologically determined Late Quaternary slip-rate for the EF. Our study focuses on the excellent exposures of offset alluvial fan surfaces, originating from the Aladağlar, a Late Quaternary glaciated mountain. Analysis of airborne orthophotogrametry and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) surveys indicates 168±2m left lateral and 31±1m vertical displacements. In-situ terrestrial cosmogenic 36Cl geochronology obtained from eleven surface boulders provides a minimum abandonment/incision age of 104.2±16.5ka for the oldest offset alluvial fan surface. Our geomorphic observations together with Self-potential geophysical surveys revealed the presence of an unfaulted alluvial fan terrace, which allows us to constrain the timing of deformation. The abandonment/incision age of this fan is 64.5±5.6ka based on thirteen 36Cl depth profile samples. Accordingly, we obtained a geologic fault slip-rate of 4.2±1.9mma−1 horizontally and 0.8±0.3mma−1 vertically for the time frame between 104.2±16.5ka and 64.5±5.6ka. Our analysis indicates that the EF has not been producing a major surface breaking earthquake on the main strand at least since 64.5±5.6ka (mid-Late Pleistocene). This could be the result of abandonment of the main strand and accommodation of deformation by other faults within the EF. Nevertheless, a recently occurred (30 September 2011) low magnitude (ML: 4.3) left lateral strike-slip earthquake indicates recent seismic activity of the EF. Comparison of the recent GPS velocity field with the longer slip history along the CAFZ indicates a constant but low strain release without surface breaking and very long large earthquake recurrence intervals.
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•Offset alluvial fans were dated with cosmogenic 36Cl in the Ecemiş Fault Zone.•An offset fan (~104.2ka) was displaced 168±2m horizontally and 31±1m vertically.•An unfaulted alluvial fan terrace gave a 64.5±5.6ka abandonment age.•Quaternary horizontal and vertical slip-rates are 4.2±1.9mma−1 and 0.8±0.3mma−1.•No surface break faulting occurred at least for the last 64.5±5.6ka.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Knowledge of earthquake source faults is crucial for the calculation of robust Coulomb stress models. However, source faults are often poorly constrained, especially for pre‐instrumental events, and ...these historical earthquakes are commonly studied with little or no consideration of other nearby events. We introduce an approach using Coulomb Stress Transfer (CST) modeling to investigate historical earthquake sequences and constrain possible source faults. Using historical and instrumental records from the Büyük Menderes Graben, western Türkiye, we create an ensemble of earthquake sequences featuring multiple rupture scenarios for individual earthquakes, and model both coseismic and interseismic CST. We filter and evaluate the models based on criteria to gain knowledge on historical earthquakes and their source faults and assess the current stress state and related seismic hazard of the investigated fault network. For our study area, the results provide further constraints on the source faults of several historical earthquakes, including the destructive MW 7.0 earthquake in 1899. The approach presented herein is applicable to other tectonically active areas where the causative faults of historical earthquakes are poorly constrained from existing data sets (e.g., paleoseismology, damage records), providing a new tool to help decipher historical earthquake sequences and improve modeling studies.
Plain Language Summary
Earthquakes do not occur independently, instead they are influenced by nearby earthquakes which can promote or delay them due to static stress transfers within the crust. However, to model stress transfer and fault interactions accurately, it is important to know which fault caused the earthquake. This can be difficult for earthquakes that occurred hundreds of years ago when instrumental records were unavailable, so instead we rely on the availability (and accuracy) of historical documents or evidence from archeology or geology. In this study we use stress models to try and provide new limits on the locations of historical earthquakes in western Türkiye. For several earthquakes, we do not know which fault moved, so we model the stress transfer for multiple possible earthquake scenarios. Then we add the different stress models together to create a range of possible earthquake sequences. We use knowledge about stress triggering behavior to filter our modeled earthquake sequences to determine which sequences and modeled scenarios are more plausible. In addition, our models can be used to estimate the stress state and possible earthquake hazard of the study area. Our approach is a new way of using stress calculations for historical earthquake studies.
Key Points
We present a novel approach to evaluate possible source faults of destructive historical earthquakes using Coulomb stress modeling
Results constrain the extent of historical ruptures in W Türkiye, particularly the 1899 earthquake which affected a ∼100 km wide area
Areas of positive Coulomb stress in the Büyük Menderes Graben and Denizli Basin broadly correlate with instrumental seismicity
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
If quenched fast enough, a liquid is able to avoid crystallization and will remain in a metastable supercooled state down to the glass transition, with an important increase in viscosity upon further ...cooling. There are important differences in the way liquids relax as they approach the glass transition, rapid or slow variation in dynamic quantities under moderate temperature changes, and a simple means to quantify such variations is provided by the concept of fragility. Here, we report molecular dynamics simulations of a typical network-forming glass, Ge-Se, and find that the relaxation behaviour of the supercooled liquid is strongly correlated to the variation of rigidity with temperature and the spatial distribution of the corresponding topological constraints, which ultimately connect to the fragility minima. This permits extending the fragility concept to aspects of topology/rigidity, and to the degree of homogeneity of the atomic-scale interactions for a variety of structural glasses.
The aim of this study is to perform structural analysis of a solid propellant rocket motor using the finite element method and to determine the effects of aging on the analysis results. Thermal and ...pressure loadings occurring during the shipping, storing and firing are considered to be the most critical in determining long-term behavior of the motor. Stress and strain distribution in the rocket motor under these loading conditions are determined. Maximum hoop strain at the surface of the propellant and bond stresses at the interface between the liner and the insulator are evaluated as indicators of cracking in the propellant grain and debonding at the liner–insulator interface. The analyses are performed for both unaged and aged propellants. The results can be used to estimate the service life of the motor.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the static cyclic fatigue resistance of thermal treated rotary files with a conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary file. Subjects and Methods: ...Four groups of 60 rotary files with similar file dimensions, geometries, and motion were selected. Groups were set as HyFlex Group controlled memory wire (CM-Wire), ProfileVortex Group (M-Wire), Twisted File Group (R-Phase Wire), and OneShape Group (conventional NiTi wire) and tested using a custom-made static cyclic fatigue testing apparatus. The fracture time and fragment length of the each file was also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.05). Results: The HyFlex group had a significantly higher mean cyclic fatigue resistance than the other three groups (P < 0.001). The OneShape groups had the least fatigue resistance. Conclusions: CM-Wire alloy represented the best performance in cyclic fatigue resistance, and NiTi alloy in R-Phase had the second highest fatigue resistance. CM and R-Phase manufacturing technology processed to the conventional NiTi alloy enhance the cyclic fatigue resistance of files that have similar design and size. M-wire alloy did not show any superiority in cyclic fatigue resistance when compared with conventional NiTi wire.
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