We propose an effective method for designing multibeam dielectric lens antennas. A genetic algorithm (GA) with multiobjective optimization is adopted to balance gain against sidelobe level. The lens ...shapes and the position of each feed are associated with chromosomes. The gain and sidelobe level are evaluated by a Pareto ranking method. The method yields the distribution of the objective function values and the corresponding antenna structures.
Six cases of epilepsy associated with ring chromosome 20 are presented. The study of these cases and 20 cases reported in the literature revealed that they constitute a distinct epileptic syndrome: ...frequent seizures consisting of a prolonged confusional state, with or without additional motor seizures, and an ictal EEG pattern of long-lasting bilateral paroxysmal high-voltage slow waves with occasional spikes. Neurological examination results were normal, and neuroimaging studies often failed to disclose a brain lesion. The seizures were resistant to antiepileptic drug therapy. Comparison of the electroclinical features of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in six patients with and four patients without ring chromosome 20 revealed that the group with the chromosomal anomaly had more frequent, comparatively brief episodes of confusion associated with a less prominent spike component on the EEG. We propose that epilepsy associated with ring chromosome 20 constitutes a new syndrome that may provide an opportunity to scrutinize a genetic mechanism of epilepsy.
Non-toxic cultured juvenile kusafugu were fed with diet containing crystalline tetrodotoxin (TTX) for 30 days and then fed with non-toxic diet for 170 days. During this period, 5 fish were sampled ...and the toxicity of each tissue was determined periodically. The amount of total accumulated toxin in the fish was 90 μg, representing 50% of the administered TTX (180 μg/fish) at the 60th day. It decreased to 54 μg (30%) at the 80th day and then remained unchanged up to the 200th day. The amount of toxin in the liver amounted to 40 μg (45% of total accumulated toxin) at the 30th day and gradually decreased to 5 μg (10%) at the 200th day. The toxin amount in the skin reached the highest level with 30 μg (30%) at the 50th day and then remained unchanged during the experimental period. The testes had almost no toxicity. Although the ovaries were immature, the toxin amounts increased as the weight of the tissues increased. With administration of crystalline TTX, all kusafugu used in the experiment became toxic and retained the toxin at the level of 30% of the administered toxin for about 5 months thereafter, while being fed with non-toxic diet.
Development of low friction surface materials matched with low friction lubricants is an important route to improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a material ...of interest because it combines the durability of diamond with the low friction properties of graphite. Consequently, various forms of DLC have been studied as durable, low friction surface coatings. At the same time, friction modifiers (FMs) are often used in engine lubricants to produce low friction surface layers. Molybdenum-based friction modifiers are commonly used additives that mechanochemically decompose to cover surfaces with MoS2, a solid lubricant. FMs can also reduce friction on DLC surfaces. However, molybdenum can be harmful to DLC and cause rapid degradation and breakthrough of the DLC surface layer. We have found that the wear debit of molybdenum FMs trends with surface affinity of the additive. The adsorption isotherms of 4 Mo-based FMs on boron-doped diamond-like carbon (BDLC) were measured with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The strongest adsorbate, Mo dithiophosphate (MoDTP), which also forms the thickest film, protects the BDLC surface enabling low friction while keeping wear low. Theoretical predictions based on molecular dynamics simulations combined with molecular-thermodynamic theory (MD-MTT) show that adsorption of MoDTP on BDLC deviates significantly from Langmuir behavior and free energy of adsorption for the first monolayer is significantly more negative than the multilayer adsorption free energy observed experimentally. The relationship between wear and adsorption behavior is consistent with experimental observations in the literature. These results also suggest that additive performance in a fully formulated lubricant is related to fundamental adsorption properties measured on the neat additive.
•Molybdenum based friction modifiers reduce friction and accelerate wear on boron-doped diamond-like-carbon (BDLC).•Highly surface active (i.e. more negative ∆Gads) Mo friction modifiers cause less wear on BDLC.•Molecular dynamics-molecular-thermodynamic theory (MD-MTT) can predict adsorption isotherms.•Mo-dithiophosphate forms a thick multilayer adsorbed film on BDLC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
Background : The association between cure of Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is controversial.
Aim : To examine the prevalence of ...symptomatic GERD (sGERD) in Japanese patients with peptic ulcer disease after successful eradication and identify associated factors affecting sGERD development.
Methods : We retrospectively examined 72 patients (40 gastric ulcer and 32 duodenal ulcer) with successful eradication. Associated factors such as age, gender, drinking and smoking habits, body mass index, presence of gastric atrophy and hiatal hernia were analysed.
Results : Seven (9.7%) of 72 peptic ulcer patients newly developed sGERD. There were no differences in mean age, gender, smoking habit, drinking habit, body mass index, or presence of gastric atrophy and hiatal hernia between the sGERD and non‐sGERD groups, while the proportion of subjects aged over 70 was significantly higher in the sGERD than the non‐sGERD group. Six of 40 patients with gastric ulcer newly developed sGERD while only one of 32 patients with duodenal ulcer developed it.
Conclusion : Approximately 10% of Japanese patients with peptic ulcer disease newly developed sGERD after cure of H. pylori infection. Age > 70 years was associated with development of sGERD. Eradication in patients in this age group should be carefully determined.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Helicobacter pylori infections are associated with hypochlorhydria in patients with pangastritis. It has previously been shown that eradication of H pylori leads to an increase in acid secretion in H ...pylori associated enlarged fold gastritis, suggesting that H pylori infection affects parietal cell function in the gastric body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of H pylori infection on parietal cell morphology and function in hypochlorhydric patients.
The presence of H pylori infection, mucosal length, and inflammatory infiltration were investigated in six patients with enlarged fold gastritis and 12 patients without enlarged folds. Parietal cell morphology was examined by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against the alpha subunit of H(+),K(+)-ATPase and electron microscopy. In addition, gastric acid secretion and fasting serum gastrin concentration were determined before and after the eradication of H pylori.
In the H pylori positive patients with enlarged fold gastritis, fold width, foveolar length, and inflammatory infiltration were increased. In addition, the immunostaining pattern of H(+), K(+)-ATPase was less uniform, and the percentage of altered parietal cells showing dilated canaliculi with vacuole-like structures and few short microvilli was greatly increased compared with that in H pylori positive patients without enlarged folds. After eradication, fold width, foveolar length, and inflammatory infiltrates decreased and nearly all parietal cells were restored to normal morphology. On the other hand, altered parietal cells were negligible in H pylori negative patients. In addition, the basal acid output and tetragastrin stimulated maximal acid output increased significantly from 0.5 (0.5) to 4.1 (1.5) mmol/h and from 2.5 (1.2) to 13.8 (0.7) mmol/h (p<0.01), and fasting serum gastrin concentrations decreased significantly from 213.5 (31.6) to 70.2 (7.5) pg/ml (p<0.01) after eradication in patients with enlarged fold gastritis.
The morphological changes in parietal cells associated with H pylori infection may be functionally associated with the inhibition of acid secretion seen in patients with enlarged fold gastritis.
Non-toxic cultured juvenile kusafugu
Fugu niphobles were fed with a diet containing highly toxic natural komonfugu
Fugu poecilonotus liver until the 30th day (8.0
μg of TTX and 3.7
μg of ...4,9-anhydroTTX/fish/day), and then fed with a non-toxic diet until the 240th day. During the 30–240th day, five or six fish were periodically sampled six times, and the contents of TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX in each tissue were determined. The total TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX accumulated in all tissues tested was not significantly changed during the experimental period, both being kept at 70% of administrated doses. However, in the liver, the TTX content accounted to be 120
μg (50% of administrated) on the 30th day, and then it gradually decreased to 50
μg until the 240th day, while 4,9-anhydroTTX content was kept at approximately 40
μg (40% of administrated) during all the experimental periods. In contrast to the liver, in the skin, TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX were 40 and 5
μg, respectively, on the 30th day, and then gradually increased to 80 and 24
μg, respectively, until the 240th day. In the intestine, TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX contents were kept at 25 and 12
μg, respectively, during all the experimental periods. According to these results, we assumed that a part of TTX accumulated in the liver was slowly transferred to the skin.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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