We previously reported preferential expression of genes for ecdysteroid signaling in the mushroom bodies of honeybee workers, suggesting a role of ecdysteroid signaling in regulating honeybee ...behaviors. The organs that produce ecdysteroids in worker honeybees, however, remain unknown. We show here that the expression of
neverland and
Non-
molting glossy/
shroud, which are involved in early steps of ecdysteroid synthesis, was enhanced in the ovary, while the expression of
CYP306A1 and
CYP302A1, which are involved in later steps of ecdysone synthesis, was enhanced in the brain, and the expression of
CYP314A1, which is involved in converting ecdysone into active 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), was enhanced in the brain, fat body, and ovary. In
in vitro organ culture, a significant amount of ecdysteroids was detected in the culture medium of the brain, fat body, and hypopharyngeal glands. The ecdysteroids detected in the culture medium of the fat body were identified as ecdysone and 20E. These findings suggest that, in worker honeybees, cholesterol is converted into intermediate ecdysteroids in the ovary, whereas ecdysone is synthesized and secreted mainly by the brain and converted into 20E in the brain and fat body.
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►
Neverland and
nm-
g/
sro were expressed strongly in the ovary of the worker honeybees. ►
CYP306A1 and
CYP302A1 were expressed strongly in the brain. ► In contrast,
CYP314A1 was expressed strongly in the brain, fat body and ovary. ► Ecdysteroids were detected in the culture medium of brain, fat body and hypopharyngeal glands. ► This is the first report of organs with a potential to produce ecdysteroid in adult worker honeybees.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The impact of calcineurin inhibitor types and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) in conditioning on overall survival (OS) and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) has not yet been analyzed in detail ...for aplastic anemia. We herein examined 517 adult patients with aplastic anemia who underwent BMT from HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD,
n
= 255) and unrelated donors (UD,
n
= 262) and were treated with cyclosporine A (CSA) + methotrexate (MTX) (
n
= 258) and tacrolimus (TAC) + MTX (
n
= 259). In total, 330 patients received ATG in conditioning. CSA + MTX versus TAC + MTX did not have a significant impact on acute and chronic GVHD, OS, or GRFS in each donor type. The use of ATG in conditioning reduced the risk of grade II–IV acute GVHD in the MSD and UD cohorts (HR 0.42,
P
= 0.014, and HR 0.3,
P
< 0.001, respectively); however, a differential impact on GRFS was identified, namely, better GRFS in MSD recipients (HR 0.56,
P
= 0.016), but not in UD recipients (HR 1.1,
P
= 0.657). In conclusion, CSA + MTX and TAC + MTX were similar as GVHD prophylaxis regardless of the donor type, and ATG in conditioning increased GRFS in MSD transplants, but not in UD transplants.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Endovascular therapy (EVT) is strongly recommended for acute cerebral large vessel occlusion with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) ≥6 due to occlusion of the ...internal carotid artery or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. However, the effect of EVT for patients who have ischemic core with ASPECTS ≤5 (0–5) was not established. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the outcomes of EVT for patients with large ischemic core.
METHODS—Based on the data of The Recovery by Endovascular Salvage for Cerebral Ultra-Acute Embolism Japan Registry 2, patients with internal carotid artery or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and pretreatment ASPECTS 0 to 5 on noncontrast CT or diffusion-weighted image were extracted, and the outcomes by EVT were analyzed. Primary end point was defined as a good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2) after 90 days.
RESULT—Among 2420 registered patients, 504 patients were with internal carotid artery or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and ASPECTS 0 to 5. Among these 504 patients, 172 (34.1 %) were treated with EVT (EVT group) and 332 (65.9 %) without (no-EVT group). In the no-EVT group, elderly patients, females, poor prestroke modified Rankin Scale, high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, low ASPECTS, and late admission were significantly more observed. Good functional outcomes were significantly more observed in the EVT group than in the no-EVT group (19.8 % versus 4.2 %; P<0.0001; adjusted odds ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.10–4.94). The incidences of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 72 hours did not significantly different between the EVT group and the no-EVT group (3.7 % versus 4.9%; P=0.55; adjusted odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.14–1.73).
CONCLUSIONS—Although outcomes in this group of patients were usually poor, the data suggested EVT may increase the likelihood of a good functional outcome.
Risk factors for seriously ill coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients have been reported in several studies. However, to date, few studies have reported simple risk assessment tools for ...distinguishing patients becoming severely ill after initial diagnosis. Hence, this study aimed to develop a simple clinical risk nomogram predicting oxygenation risk in patients with COVID-19 at the first triage.
This retrospective study involved a chart review of the medical records of 84 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 at ten medical facilities. The patients were divided into requiring no oxygen therapy (non-severe group) and requiring oxygen therapy (severe group). Patient characteristics were compared between the two groups.
We utilized univariate logistic regression analysis to confirm determinants of high risks of requiring oxygen therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Thirty-five patients ware in severe group and forty-nine patients were in non-severe group. In comparison with patients in the non-severe group, patients in the severe group were significantly older with higher body mass index (BMI), and had a history of hypertension and diabetes. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in the severe group. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher BMI, and higher BUN levels were significantly associated with oxygen requirements.
This study demonstrated that age, BMI, and BUN were independent risk factors in the moderate-to-severe COVID-19 group. Elderly patients with higher BMI and BUN require close monitoring and early treatment initiation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To evaluate the complication rates and risk factors associated with transumbilical incision (TUI) and comprehensively examine differences according to the procedures using propensity score matching.
...The study involved 737 patients who underwent laparoscopic procedures between 2009 and 2017 (Japanese University-Hospital-Medical-Information-Network Clinical Trials Resistry No. 000040653). The occurrences of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) and TUI hernia were analyzed.
SSI occurred in 17 patients (2.31%) and hernia occurred in 29 (3.93%). Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex and diabetes mellitus were correlated with incisional hernia. Propensity score-matching analysis was performed to compare those who underwent colorectal resection with those who underwent other resections; the results showed that the former had a significantly higher rate of TUI hernia (p<0.001), as well as a significantly higher incidence of SSI (p=0.004).
A significant higher incidence of SSI and TUI hernia in laparoscopic colorectal resection was found. The construction of the TUI was feasible with rationality.
We report the results of Suzaku observations of the young supernova remnant, Vela Jr. (RX J0852.0−4622), which is known to emit synchrotron X-rays, as well as TeV gamma-rays. Utilizing 39 Suzaku ...mapping observation data from Vela Jr., a significant hard X-ray emission is detected with the hard X-ray detector (HXD) from the northwest TeV-emitting region. The X-ray spectrum is reproduced well by a single power-law model with a photon index of $3.15^{+1.18}_{-1.14}$ in the 12–22 keV band. Compiling this hard X-ray spectrum with the soft X-ray spectrum simultaneously observed with the X-ray imaging spectrometer (XIS) onboard Suzaku, we find that the wide-band X-ray spectrum in the 2–22 keV band is reproduced with a single power-law or concave broken power-law model, which are statistically consistent with each other. Whichever of the two models, single or broken power-law, is appropriate, clearly the spectrum has no roll-off structure. Applying this result to the method introduced in Yamazaki et al. (2014, Res. Astron. Astrophys., 14, 165), we find that a one-zone synchrotron model with electron spectrum having a power-law plus exponential cut-off may not be applicable to Vela Jr.
This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors, etiology, and outcomes of ischemic stroke (IS) in Japanese young adults.
This was a prospective multicenter study. We enrolled patients aged 16 to ...55 years with IS within seven days of the onset of symptoms. We assessed the demographic data, risk factors, stroke etiology, and outcome at discharge. The clinical characteristics were compared between sexes and among age groups.
We prospectively enrolled 519 patients (median age, 48 years: 139 females). The mean National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 3.6 ± 0.2. The most common risk factors were hypertension (HT) (55%), dyslipidemia (DL) (47%), and current smoking (42%). Body mass index, incidence of current smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption were higher in males. The prevalence of current smoking, HT, DL, and diabetes mellitus increased with aging. The most common etiologic subgroup of IS was small vessel disease (145/510, 28%). Intracranial arterial dissection (IAD) was the most common among the other determined causes (56/115, 49%). The outcome at discharge was relatively good (mRS 0–1, 71.7%); however, poor outcome (mRS ≥ 4) was observed at an incidence of 9.5%.
Most young adults with IS had modifiable risk factors, of which prevalence increased with age. This emphasizes lifestyle improvement to prevent IS in the young population. Furthermore, we indicated that the incidence rate of IAD was high among the other determined causes.
•The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of stroke in young adults.•We undertook a prospective multicenter study to achieve the aim as above.•We demonstrated that most young adult with stroke had modifiable risk factors.•We identified the prevalence of risk factors of stroke increased with aging.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The spatiotemporal regulation of E-cadherin expression is important during body plan development and carcinogenesis. We found that Tara (Trio-associated repeat on actin) is enriched in cadherin-based ...adherens junctions (AJs), and its knockdown in MDCK cells (Tara-KD cells) significantly decreases the expression of E-cadherin. Tara-KD activates Rac1 through the Trio RhoGEF, which binds to E-cadherin and subsequently increases the phosphorylation of p38 and Tbx3, a transcriptional E-cadherin repressor. Accordingly, the decrease in E-cadherin expression is abrogated by ITX3 and SB203580 (specific inhibitors of Trio RhoGEF and p38MAPK, respectively), and by dephosphomimetic Tbx3. Despite the decreased E-cadherin expression, the Tara-KD cells do not undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and remain as an epithelial cell sheet, presumably due to the concomitant up-regulation of cadherin-6. Tara-KD reduces the actin-belt density in the circumferential ring, and the cells form flattened cysts, suggesting that Tara functions to modulate epithelial cell sheet formation and integrity by up-regulating E-cadherin transcription.
Although cognitive decline after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is mainly related to postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion, approximately 30% of patients with cognitive decline do not have ...postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion. In patients with acute ischemic events, the development of cognitive decline after such events is associated with the presence of chronic cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). The present prospective observational study aimed to determine whether preoperative WMHs and postoperative new ischemic lesions (PNILs) are associated with cognitive decline after CEA in patients without cerebral hyperperfusion after CEA. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively, and WMHs were graded according to the Fazekas scale in patients undergoing CEA for severe stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid. Diffusion-weighted MRI was performed before and after CEA to determine the development of PNILs. Neuropsychological testing was performed preoperatively and at 2 months postoperatively to determine the development of postoperative cognitive decline (PCD). In 142 patients without postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion, logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative Fazekas scale of periventricular WMHs (PVWMHs) (95% confidence interval CI: 1.78–28.10; P = 0.0055) and PNILs in the eloquent areas (95% CI: 7.42–571.89; P = 0.0002) were significantly associated with PCD. The specificity and positive-predictive value for the prediction of PCD were significantly greater for the combination of preoperative Fazekas scale 2 or 3 of PVWMHs and PNILs in the eloquent areas than for each individually. Preoperative PVWMHs, PNILs in the eloquent areas, and the combination of both were associated with PCD in patients without cerebral hyperperfusion after CEA.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Surface passivation and bulk carrier lifetime of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are essential for their application in solar cell devices. The effective minority carrier lifetime of a semiconductor ...material is influenced by both its surface passivation and bulk carrier lifetime. We found that the effective carrier lifetime of SiNWs passivated with aluminum oxide (Al
2
O
3
) was significantly influenced by the fabrication process of SiNWs. We could not measure the effective lifetime of SiNWs fabricated by thermal annealing of amorphous silicon nanowires. Nevertheless, the SiNWs fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching of polycrystalline silicon displayed an effective lifetime of 2.86 μs. Thermal annealing of SiNWs at 400 °C in a forming gas improved the effective carrier lifetime from 2.86 to 15.9 μs because of the improvement in surface passivation at the interface between the SiNWs and Al
2
O
3
layers.
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