To develop and validate a radiomics model for evaluating pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).
We enrolled 222 ...patients (152 in the primary cohort and 70 in the validation cohort) with clinicopathologically confirmed LARC who received chemoradiotherapy before surgery. All patients underwent T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging before and after chemoradiotherapy; 2,252 radiomic features were extracted from each patient before and after treatment imaging. The two-sample
test and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used for feature selection, whereupon a radiomics signature was built with support vector machines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then used to develop a radiomics model incorporating the radiomics signature and independent clinicopathologic risk factors. The performance of the radiomics model was assessed by its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness with independent validation.
The radiomics signature comprised 30 selected features and showed good discrimination performance in both the primary and validation cohorts. The individualized radiomics model, which incorporated the radiomics signature and tumor length, also showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9756 (95% confidence interval, 0.9185-0.9711) in the validation cohort, and good calibration. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the radiomics model.
Using pre- and posttreatment MRI data, we developed a radiomics model with excellent performance for individualized, noninvasive prediction of pCR. This model may be used to identify LARC patients who can omit surgery after chemoradiotherapy.
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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be an important low-carbon energy conversion technology, which has shown impressive performance improvement in the past decades. ...However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode has been an impediment to the successful commercialization of the technology. Novel highly active electrocatalysts for the ORR are highly desired to meet the US DOE performance targets. In recent years, polyhedron-engineered Pt-alloy nanocrystals have demonstrated unprecedented electrocatalytic activity. Different from previous reviews on shape-manipulated Pt-based ORR catalysts, this review focuses on 3D polyhedron-engineered Pt-based nanocrystal electrocatalysts with an in-depth comparison of different active facet-tailored geometric configurations and their advanced electrocatalytic properties. The review carefully examines and criticizes the aggregated data in this area, and provides an important overview as well as a critical insight into the topic. Understanding the catalytic mechanism taking place with polyhedron-designed Pt-based nanocrystals helps to unlock the door to highly active ORR electrocatalysts for PEMFC applications.
This review focuses on polyhedron-engineered Pt-based nanocrystals as highly active ORR catalysts for PEMFCs.
Since ever-increasing energy demands stimulated intensive research activities on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), biomass as an earth-abundant renewable energy source has played an intriguing and ...promising role in developing sustainable biomass-derived carbons and their composite materials for high-performance LIB anodes. Different from other materials (
e.g.
, silicon, tin, metal oxides,
etc.
), biomass-derived carbons and their composite materials have been applied more and more to LIBs due to their advantages such as low cost, green and eco-friendly synthesis, easy accessibility, sustainable strategy, and improved battery performance, including capacity, cycling property, and stability/durability. This tutorial review focusing on biomass-derived carbons and their composites in the application of LIB anodes will act as a strategic guide to build a close connection between renewable materials and electrochemical energy storage devices. Also, this review provides a critical analysis and comparison of biomass-derived carbons and their composites for LIB anodes, coupled with an important insight into the remaining challenges and future directions in the field.
This review focuses on the derivation of nanostructured carbons and their composite materials from biomass materials for lithium ion battery anodes.
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been rapidly transmitted in China, Macau, Hong Kong, and other Asian and European counterparts. This COVID-19 epidemic has aroused increasing attention ...nationwide. Patients, health professionals, and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of the disease control. The National Health Commission of China has summoned a call for emergency psychological crisis intervention and thus, various mental health associations and organizations have established expert teams to compile guidelines and public health educational articles/videos for mental health professionals and the general public alongside with online mental health services. In addition, mental health professionals and expert groups are stationed in designated isolation hospitals to provide on-site services. Experts have reached a consensus on the admission of patients with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 outbreak in mental health institutions. Nevertheless, the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 has emerged to mount a serious challenge to the mental health service in China.
Wang et al examine carbon-supported Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. They focus on particle size, shape, and composition ...manipulation, as well as their impact to activity. They provide information on theoretical studies, experimental studies on the control of carbon-supported Pt-alloy particle size, experimental studies on the control of carbon-supported Pt-alloy particle shape, and experimental studies on the control of carbon-supported Pt-alloy composition.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A protein‐sized (ca. 4.2×4.2×3.6 nm3) non‐biologically derived molecule {Nb288O768(OH)48(CO3)12} (Nb288) containing up to 288 niobium atoms has been obtained, which is by far the largest and the ...highest nuclearity polyoxoniobate (PONb). Particularly, in terms of metal nuclearity number, Nb288 is the second largest cluster so far reported in classic polyoxometalate chemistry (V, Mo, W, Nb, and Ta). Nb288 can be described as a giant windmill‐like cluster aggregate of six nanoscale high‐nuclearity PONb units {Nb47O128(OH)6(CO3)2} (Nb47) joined together by six additional Nb ions. Interestingly, the 47‐nuclearity Nb47 units generated in situ can be isolated and bridged by copper complexes to form an inorganic–organic hybrid three‐dimensional PONb framework, which exhibits effective catalytic activity for hydrolyzing nerve agent simulant of dimethyl methylphosphonate. The unique Nb47 cluster also provides a new type of topology to very limited family of Nb‐O clusters.
Friendly niobium giant: An unprecedentedly huge polyoxoniobate (PONb) with as many as 288 Nb centers has been made. This is by far the largest PONb and the second highest nuclearity polyoxometalate reported to date. It incorporates a unique 47‐nuclearity PONb building unit formed in situ, which can be stabilized by metal complexes to form an extended PONb framework with the capability of hydrolyzing dimethyl methylphosphonate.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Recently, more than 300 Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Possible reasons quoted in the report were the lack of caution ...regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in January and insufficient supplies of protective gear. We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China.
A facile anisotropic surface modification and etching strategy is presented for the synthesis of hollow structured ZIF‐67 nanoframes. The strategy uses structural and compositional distinctions ...between each crystallographic facet of truncated rhombic dodecahedrons ZIF‐67 (tZIF‐67 RDs) and the moderate coordinating and etching effects of cyanuric acid (CA). The CA can anisotropically modify and protect the {110} facets from etching, causing the six {100} facets be selectively etched via an inside‐out manner, and finally forming the hollow nanoframes. The surface‐modified hollow tZIF‐67 RDs can be facet‐selectively etched by metal salts in an outside‐in manner to give metal‐doped tZIF‐67 nanoframes. After calcination, the metal‐tZIF‐67 hybrids are converted into metal‐Co alloy/C composite catalysts with hollow nanoframed structures. The PtCo/C catalyst with only 5.9 wt % Pt exhibits high catalytic activities and stabilities in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solutions.
CA molecules can anisotropically modify and protect the {110} facets of the tZIF‐67 crystal from etching, causing the six {100} facets be selectively etched via an inside‐out manner, and finally forming the hollow nanoframes. The surface modified hollow tZIF‐67 can further be facet‐selectively etched by metal salts in an outside‐in manner to give metal‐doped tZIF‐67 nanoframes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Loss factor tan δ determines the viscoelasticity of a material. Higher or lower loss factor tanδ (>1 or <1) suggests a viscous or elastic material. Most polymer pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) ...possess a limited operational temperature range (near room temperature), above which the PSAs trend to be more viscous (un‐crosslinked) or more elastic (crosslinked), and below which PSAs become more elastic. These properties are unfavorable for PSA operation. Herein, an underwater PSA possessing short hydrophobic side chains and weak hydrogen bond interactions are described. Proper modulus and stable loss factor close to 1 contributes to an efficient adhesion underwater over a temperature range of 0–100 °C. Moreover, by introducing Teflon particles, the adhesion can be operated under silicon oil from room temperature to 150 °C due to the formation of a drainage surface structure and its temperature insensitivity.
Adhesion operation under‐water/oil over a wide temperature range is achieved via a hydrophobic oil‐draining structure and temperature‐insensitive loss factor. A key point is to use methoxyethyl and thiourea groups that form hydrophobic and weak hydrogen‐bonding interactions, bringing tan δ close to 1. The other key point is to incorporate the Teflon micron particles to form an oil‐draining structure on adhesive surfaces.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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