Non-reciprocal devices, which allow non-reciprocal signal routing, serve as fundamental elements in photonic and microwave circuits and are crucial in both classical and quantum information ...processing. The radiation-pressure-induced coupling between light and mechanical motion in travelling-wave resonators has been exploited to break the Lorentz reciprocity, enabling non-reciprocal devices without magnetic materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable non-reciprocal device with alternative functions as either a circulator or a directional amplifier via optomechanically induced coherent photon-phonon conversion or gain. The demonstrated device exhibits considerable flexibility and offers exciting opportunities for combining reconfigurability, non-reciprocity and active properties in single photonic devices, which can also be generalized to microwave and acoustic circuits.
Two new oxidovanadium(V) complexes, VOL1(aha)DMF (1) and VOL2(mat) (2), where L1 and L2 are the dianionic form of N'-(4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-4-nitrobenzohydrazide and ...N'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pivalohydrazide, respectively, and aha and mat are the monoanionic form of acetohydroxamic acid and maltol, respectively, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by physico-chemical methods and single crystal X-ray determination. X-ray analysis indicates that the V atoms in the complexes are in octahedral coordination. Crystal structures of the complexes are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The catalytic property for epoxidation of styrene by the complexes was evaluated.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Levosimendan and dobutamine are extensively used to treat sepsis-associated cardiovascular failure in ICU. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of levosimendan in patients with sepsis-induced ...cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Moreover, previous studies on whether levosimendan is superior to dobutamine are still controversial. More importantly, these studies did not take changes (before-after comparison to the baseline) in quantitative parameters such as ejection fraction into account with the baseline level. Here, we aimed to determine the pros and cons of the two medicines by assessing the changes in cardiac function and blood lactate, mortality, with the standardized mean difference used as a summary statistic. Relevant studies were obtained by a thorough and disciplined literature search in several notable academic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase until November 2020. Outcomes included changes in cardiac function, lactic acid, mortality and length of hospital stay. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials were included in this study, including 192 patients. Compared with dobutamine, patients treated with levosimendan had a greater improvement of cardiac index (ΔCI) (random effects, SMD = 0.90 0.20,1.60; I
= 76%, P < 0.01) and left ventricular stroke work index (ΔLVSWI) (random effects, SMD = 1.56 0.90,2.21; I
= 65%, P = 0.04), a significant decrease of blood lactate (Δblood lactate) (random effects, MD = - 0.79 - 1.33, - 0.25; I
= 68%, P < 0.01) at 24-h after drug intervention, respectively. There was no significant difference between levosimendan and dobutamine on all-cause mortality in ICU (fixed effect, OR = 0.72 0.39,1.33; I
= 0%, P = 0.99). We combine effect sizes related to different measurement parameters to evaluate cardiac function, which implied that septic patients with myocardial dysfunction might have a better improvement of cardiac function by levosimendan than dobutamine (random effects, SMD = 1.05 0.69,1.41; I
= 67%, P < 0.01). This study suggested a significant improvement of CI, LVSWI, and decrease of blood lactate in septic patients with myocardial dysfunction in ICU after 24-h administration of levosimendan than dobutamine. However, the administration of levosimendan has neither an impact on mortality nor LVEF. Septic patients with myocardial dysfunction may partly benefit from levosimendan than dobutamine, mainly embodied in cardiac function improvement.
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Pollution by heavy metals limits the area of land available for cultivation of food crops. A potential solution to this problem might lie in the molecular breeding of food crops for phytoremediation ...that accumulate toxic metals in straw while producing safe and nutritious grains. Here, we identify a rice quantitative trait locus we name cadmium (Cd) accumulation in leaf 1 (CAL1), which encodes a defensin-like protein. CAL1 is expressed preferentially in root exodermis and xylem parenchyma cells. We provide evidence that CAL1 acts by chelating Cd in the cytosol and facilitating Cd secretion to extracellular spaces, hence lowering cytosolic Cd concentration while driving long-distance Cd transport via xylem vessels. CAL1 does not appear to affect Cd accumulation in rice grains or the accumulation of other essential metals, thus providing an efficient molecular tool to breed dual-function rice varieties that produce safe grains while remediating paddy soils.
This study explores the relationship between a journal's ranking and the reviewer's academic impact through extracting bibliometric information about reviewers for the top 1,000 Publons medical ...partner journals between February 2019 and 2020. Pairwise comparisons illustrate that reviewers of higher impact factor/average journal impact factor (IF/JIF) percentile ranked journals had better citation metrics than those of lower‐ranked journals. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis reveals a lower level of average citations per item and total citations, as well as h‐index scores, are associated with researchers who review for lower IF ranked journals; a lower level of average citations per item and verified reviews are associated with reviewing for lower JIF percentile ranked journals. Higher average citations per item and verified reviews are positively associated with reviewing for SCI journals compared to journals without an IF/JIF percentile. The results also show that there is no statistical difference in the academic impact of researchers who review for journals that have the lowest Impact factors and those that do not have an Impact Factor. These findings, although restricted to medical journals, may provide insights for editors when selecting reviewers.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Non-reciprocal devices, such as circulators and isolators, are indispensable components in classical and quantum information processing in integrated photonic circuits. Aside from these applications, ...the non-reciprocal phase shift is of fundamental interest for exploring exotic topological photonics, such as the realization of chiral edge states and topological protection. However, incorporating low-optical-loss magnetic materials into a photonic chip is technically challenging. In this study we experimentally demonstrate non-magnetic non-reciprocity using optomechanical interactions in a whispering gallery microresonator, as proposed in a previous work. Optomechanically induced non-reciprocal transparency and amplification are observed and a non-reciprocal phase shift of up to 40 degree is also demonstrated. The underlying mechanism of optomechanically induced non-reciprocity has great potential for all-optical controllable isolators and circulators, as well as non-reciprocal phase shifters in integrated photonic chips.
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Abstract Unidirectional propagation of photons originated from perfect chirality meets the critical requirement for building a high-performance quantum network. However, it not only requires that the ...circular dipole emitter is precisely located at points of circularly polarized electric fields, which leads to non-reciprocal interactions for photons with opposite propagation directions, but also the light-emitter interaction strength should be strong enough to guarantee a π phase shift. Unfortunately, these perfect chirality points are scarce and accessible points with elliptically polarized fields result in non-ideal photon-emitter chiral interactions and emitters radiating photons bidirectionally. Meanwhile, reflection properties, phase shifts, and non-reciprocal interactions are sensitive to frequency detunings and dissipations. Here, without engineering the dipole and optimizing the distribution of the field, a scatter such as a nanotip placed at the evanescent field of a whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) is adopted to control the transporting properties of single photons under non-ideal chiral interactions. By properly adjusting the relative position between the nanotip and the atom or the overlap between the nanotip and the mode volume of the WGMR, amplitudes of reflected photons in different pathways are changed. Consequently, complete destructive interference appears and thus no photons are reflected. The corresponding phase shifts of π and non-reciprocal interactions are guaranteed simultaneously. Significantly, the perfect chirality reconstructed here is robust against frequency detunings and dissipations. Therefore, the atom-WGMR-nanotip structure can be regarded as a compound chiral atom with radiating photons in only one direction.
The development of a sensitive and practical electrochemiluminescence (ECL) bioassay relies on the use of ECL signal tags whose signal intensity is high and stable. In this work, strong ECL emission ...was achieved from metal organic framework (MOF) accelerator enriched quantum dots (CdTe), which were applied as an efficient ECL signal tag for trace biomarker detection. It is particularly noteworthy that a novel mechanism to drastically enhance the ECL intensity of CdTe is established because isoreticular metal organic framework-3 (IRMOF-3) with 2-amino terephthalic acid (2-NH2-BDC) as the organic ligand not only allows for loading a large amount of CdTe via the encapsulating effect and internal/external decoration but also functions as a novel coreactant accelerator for promoting the conversion of coreactant S2O8 2– into the sulfate radical anion (SO4 •–), further boosting the ECL emission of CdTe. On the basis of the simple sandwich immunoreaction approach, cardiac troponin-I antigen (cTnI), a kind of biomarker related with myocardial infarction, was chosen as a detection model using an IRMOF-3-enriched CdTe labeled antibody as the signal probe. This immunosensor demonstrated desirable assay performance for cTnI with a wide response range from 1.1 fg mL–1 to 11 ng mL–1 and a very low detection limit (0.46 fg mL–1). This suggested that the IRMOF-3-enriched CdTe nanocomposite strategy can integrate the coreactant accelerator and luminophore to significantly enhance the ECL intensity and stability, providing a direction for promising ECL tag preparation with broad applications.
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An efficient and economical palladium-catalyzed oxidation system has been identified. The oxidation system, characterized by not adding ligand and using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, can ...realize the Tsuji–Wacker oxidation of terminal olefins and especially styrenes to methyl ketones; in addition, this system can achieve tandem Wacker oxidation–dehydrogenation of terminal olefins to α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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We propose how to achieve nonreciprocal quantum entanglement of light and motion and reveal its counterintuitive robustness against random losses. We find that by splitting the counterpropagating ...lights of a spinning resonator via the Sagnac effect, photons and phonons can be entangled strongly in a chosen direction but fully uncorrelated in the other. This makes it possible both to realize quantum nonreciprocity even in the absence of any classical nonreciprocity and also to achieve significant entanglement revival against backscattering losses in practical devices. Our work provides a way to protect and engineer quantum resources by utilizing diverse nonreciprocal devices, for building noise-tolerant quantum processors, realizing chiral networks, and backaction-immune quantum sensors.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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