Strong coupling between surface plasmons and excitons leads to the formation of plexcitons with new energy states, providing a versatile platform for a range of frontier research subjects. Single ...plasmonic nanoparticles have recently attracted much attention for realizing strong coupling due to their small mode volume. However, the usually used chemically synthesized metal nanoparticles are unfavorable for accurately tailoring the surface plasmon resonances and adverse to the implementation of on-chip integration. Here, we report for the first time the realization of strong coupling between monolayer WSe2 and lithographically defined single metal nanoparticles. Focusing on gold nanobowties, the large Rabi splitting of 187 meV is achieved. The excitons around the nanogaps in the nanobowties contribute dominantly to the coupling strength, and the coupling strength is larger for smaller nanobowties due to the smaller mode volume. Moreover, the hybrid systems of monolayer WSe2 and gold nanoparticle monomers of nanorods, nanotriangles, and nanodisks are found to closely satisfy the criterion of strong coupling. The strong plasmon–exciton coupling realized by single plasmonic nanostructures fabricated by advanced nanofabrication techniques and monolayer semiconductors can provide new opportunities for manipulating strong light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and facilitate the development of plexciton-based nanodevices with ultrasmall footprints.
•The preparation methods of quantum dots embedded glass ceramics are summarized.•Crystallization behavior of quantum dots embedded glass ceramics is summarized.•The luminescence mechanism of QDs ...embedded glass ceramics is summarized.•Applications of quantum dots embedded glass ceramics are summarized.•The future development of quantum dots embedded glass ceramics is predicted.
Quantum dots (QDs) embedded glass ceramics have been widely studied in laser crystals, LEDs, optical fiber amplifiers, optoelectronic devices, photocatalysts and sensors owing to the size dependent multicolor fluorescence emissions, crystal field controllability, high transparency and stability, and high temperature sensitivity. The rapid advancements of QDs embedded glass ceramics are reviewed in detail. The synthetic methods, crystallization theory, spectral modulation, nonlinear optical property, photoluminescence mechanism, and applications of QDs embedded glass ceramics are exhibited. The most important results obtained in each case are summarized, and the key challenges in market viability are also discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Surmounting the inhomogeniety issue of gas sensors and realizing their reproducible ppb‐level gas sensing are highly desirable for widespread deployments of sensors to build networks in applications ...of industrial safety and indoor/outdoor air quality monitoring. Herein, a strategy is proposed to substantially improve the surface homogeneity of sensing materials and gas sensing performance via chip‐level pyrolysis of as‐grown ZIF‐L (ZIF stands for zeolitic imidazolate framework) films to porous and hierarchical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanosheets. A novel approach to generate adjustable oxygen vacancies is demonstrated, through which the electronic structure of sensing materials can be fine‐tuned. Their presence is thoroughly verified by various techniques. The sensing results demonstrate that the resultant oxygen vacancy‐abundant ZnO nanosheets exhibit significantly enhanced sensitivity and shortened response time toward ppb‐level carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds encompassing 1,3‐butadiene, toluene, and tetrachloroethylene, which can be ascribed to several reasons including unpaired electrons, consequent bandgap narrowing, increased specific surface area, and hierarchical micro–mesoporous structures. This facile approach sheds light on the rational design of sensing materials via defect engineering, and can facilitate the mass production, commercialization, and large‐scale deployments of sensors with controllable morphology and superior sensing performance targeted for ultratrace gas detection.
A facile approach for designing sensing materials via rational defect engineering to tune the electronic structure of on‐chip MOF‐derived hierarchical ZnOs and thus sensing properties is proposed. The resultant homogeneous ZnO layer with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibits significantly enhanced sensitivity and short response time toward ppb‐level carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose Overactive bladder affects 12% to 17% of the general population and almost a third experience urinary incontinence, which may severely impact health related quality of life. Oral ...anticholinergics are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment but they are limited by inadequate efficacy or side effects, leading to a high discontinuation rate. We report the results of the first large (557 patients), phase 3, placebo controlled trial of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence inadequately managed with anticholinergics. Materials and Methods Eligible patients with overactive bladder, 3 or more urgency urinary incontinence episodes in 3 days and 8 or more micturitions per day were randomized 1:1 to receive intradetrusor injection of onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U or placebo. Co-primary end points were the change from baseline in the number of urinary incontinence episodes per day and the proportion of patients with a positive response on the treatment benefit scale at posttreatment week 12. Secondary end points included other overactive bladder symptoms and health related quality of life. Adverse events were assessed. Results OnabotulinumtoxinA significantly decreased the daily frequency of urinary incontinence episodes vs placebo (–2.65 vs –0.87, p <0.001) and 22.9% vs 6.5% of patients became completely continent. A larger proportion of onabotulinumtoxinA than placebo treated patients reported a positive response on the treatment benefit scale (60.8% vs 29.2%, p <0.001). All other overactive bladder symptoms improved vs placebo (p ≤0.05). OnabotulinumtoxinA improved patient health related quality of life across multiple measures (p <0.001). Uncomplicated urinary tract infection was the most common adverse event. A 5.4% rate of urinary retention was observed. Conclusions OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U showed significant, clinically relevant improvement in all overactive bladder symptoms and health related quality of life in patients inadequately treated with anticholinergics and was well tolerated.
Accurate and reliable temperature measurement of many special inaccessible objects is a challenging task. Optical temperature sensing is a promising method to achieve it. The current status of ...optical thermometry of rare-earth ion doped phosphors is reviewed in detail. Based on the mechanisms of optical temperature sensing of different phosphors, temperature dependent luminescence spectra, the fluorescence intensity ratio technique in the data fitting process, and errors of the energy difference between thermally coupled levels, we describe the recent developments in the use of optical thermometry materials. The most important results obtained in each case are summarized, and the main challenges that we need to overcome are discussed. Research in the field of phosphor sensors has shown that they have significant advantages compared to conventional sensors in terms of their properties like greater sensitivity, freedom from electromagnetic interference, long path monitoring, and independence of compatibility with electronic devices.
Optical temperature sensing is a promising method to achieve the contactless temperature measurement and large-scale imaging. The current status of optical thermometry of rare-earth ions doped phosphors is reviewed in detail.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
The practical applications of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are mainly hindered by the poor conductivity of the sulfur cathode, polysulfide shuttle and volumetric variation during cycling. To this ...end, host materials with high conductivity and excellent polysulfide absorbability are extensively employed as the loading scaffolds for sulfur in LSBs. In the present study, three types of borophene nanosheets with metallicity are theoretically evaluated as the hosts for sulfur cathodes. The polarization of surfaces, conductivity, polysulfide immobilization, and the interfacial competition between borophenes and electrolytes are particularly discussed. The strong binding of polysulfides onto borophenes will block the shuttle effect of polysulfides, due to the strong Coulomb interactions between the B and S atoms, even considering the competitive effect of the electrolytes and under a high sulfur loading. The calculated results clearly indicate that borophene-based materials with polarized and highly conductive surfaces hold great promise for LSBs.
The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) provides an effective way to manipulate the spin-polarized photons. However, the spin-dependent splitting is very tiny due to the weak spin-orbit coupling, and ...previous investigations for enhancing this phenomenon have some serious limitations (e.g. inconvenient to tune, inadequate attention in terahertz region). Therefore, controlling and enhancing the photonic SHE in a flexible way is highly desirable, especially for terahertz region. In this contribution, we propose a method to manipulate the photonic SHE by taking advantage of tunable optical properties of graphene via weak optical pumping. We find that photonic SHE of graphene-dielectric structure in terahertz region is quite sensitive to the pumping power. The spin shift for H polarized incident beam can reach its upper limitation under the optimal pumping power, which is related to the zero value of the real part of graphene conductivity. These findings may provide a new degree of freedom for the design of tunable spin-based photonic devices in the future.
In the context of area coverage tasks in three-dimensional space, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters face challenges such as uneven task assignment, low task efficiency, and high energy ...consumption. This paper proposes an efficient mission planning strategy for UAV clusters in area coverage tasks. First, the area coverage search task is analyzed, and the coverage scheme of the task area is determined. Based on this, the cluster task area is divided into subareas. Then, for the UAV cluster task allocation problem, a step-by-step solution is proposed. Afterward, an improved fuzzy C-clustering algorithm is used to determine the UAV task area. Furthermore, an optimized particle swarm hybrid ant colony (PSOHAC) algorithm is proposed to plan the UAV cluster task path. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed scheme and improved algorithm are verified by simulation experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves full coverage of the task area and efficiently completes the task allocation of the UAV cluster. Compared with related comparison algorithms, the method proposed in this paper can achieve a maximum improvement of 21.9% in balanced energy consumption efficiency for UAV cluster task search planning, and the energy efficiency of the UAV cluster can be improved by up to 7.9%.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper considers the problem of communication protocols between leaders and its followers for motion planning in an initially partially known environment. In this setting, the leader observes the ...environment information to satisfy its own local objective and and the follower completes its own local objective by estimating the states of the leader and communicating with the leader to update its knowledge about the environment when it is necessary, where the local objectives can be expressed in temporal logic. A verifier construction is built first to contain all possible communication protocols between the leaders and the followers. Then, a two‐step synthesis procedure is proposed to capture all feasible communication protocol that satisfy the local objectives for the leader and follower, respectively. In the first step, a sub‐verifier is synthesized to satisfy the objective of the follower. In the second step, based on the obtained sub‐verifier, an iterative algorithm is proposed to extract communication protocols such that the objectives of the leader and follower are satisfied, respectively. A running example is provided to illustrate the proposed procedures.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Height is an important factor affecting crop architecture, apical dominance, biomass, resistance to lodging, tolerance to crowding and mechanical harvesting. The impressive increase in wheat and rice ...yield during the ‘green revolution’ benefited from a combination of breeding for high-yielding dwarf varieties together with advances in agricultural mechanization, irrigation and agrochemical/fertilizer use. To maximize yield under irrigation and high fertilizer use, semi-dwarfing is optimal, whereas extreme dwarfing leads to decreased yield. Rice plant height is controlled by genes that lie in a complex regulatory network, mainly involved in the biosynthesis or signal transduction of phytohormones such as gibberellins, brassinosteroids and strigolactones. Additional dwarfing genes have been discovered that are involved in other pathways, some of which are uncharacterized. This review discusses our current understanding of the regulation of plant height using rice as a well-characterized model and highlights some of the most promising research that could lead to the development of new, high-yielding varieties. This knowledge underpins future work towards the genetic improvement of plant height in rice and other crops.
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