Organic phosphorescence, originating from triplet excitons, has potential for the development of new generation of organic optoelectronic materials. Herein, two heavy‐atom‐free room‐temperature ...phosphorescent (RTP) electron acceptors with inherent long lifetime triplet exctions are first reported. These two 3D‐fully conjugated rigid perylene imide (PDI) multimers, as the best nonfullerene wide‐bandgap electron acceptors, exhibit a significantly elevated T1 of ≈2.1 eV with a room‐temperature phosphorescent emission (τ = 66 µs) and a minimized singlet–triplet splitting as low as ≈0.13 eV. The huge spatial congestion between adjacent PDI skeleton endows them with significantly modified electronic characteristics of S1 and T1. This feature, plus with the fully‐conjugated rigid molecular configuration, balances the intersystem crossing rate and fluorescence/phosphorescence rates, and therefore, elevating ET1 to ≈2.1 from 1.2 eV for PDI monomer. Meanwhile, the highly delocalized feature enables the triplet charge‐transfer excitons at donor–acceptor interface effectively dissociate into free charges, endowing the RTP electron acceptor based organic solar cells (OSCs) with a high internal quantum efficiency of 84% and excellent charge collection capability of 94%. This study introduces an alternative strategy for designing PDI derivatives with high‐triplet state‐energy and provides revelatory insights into the fundamental electronic characteristics, photophysical mechanism, and photo‐to‐current generation pathway.
The long‐lived excitons are of significance to alleviate the strong morphology‐ and thickness‐dependence of organic photovoltaic performance and therefore accelerating its industrialization process. Here, two room‐temperature phosphorescent electron acceptors with long‐lived triplet exctions and high‐energy level are investigated systematically for the first time. This work provides revelatory insights into their fundamental electronic characteristics, photophysical mechanism, and photo‐to‐current generation pathway.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We study stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon in the fractional oscillator with time delay and damping fluctuation, analyze the impact of time delay and fractional damping as two memory ingredients ...on SR, and put forward firstly the concept of the robustness of GSR. By moment method, we obtain the analytical expression of the output amplitude gain and find that fluctuations in the output amplitude gain are non-monotonic. Using numerical simulations we verify the accuracy of the analytical results. We find (i) that the length of time delay and system order are parameters related to memory; (ii) that the output amplitude gain could attain a maximum by increasing driving frequency close to system frequency, and small time delay and system order contribute to enhance the resonance intensity; (iii) that the evolution of the output amplitude gain versus the noise intensity exhibits one-peak resonance, and small time delay can enhance the resonance intensity and the robustness of SR regarding to driving frequency and system frequency; (iv) that the evolution of the output amplitude gain versus the noise correlation rate presents one-peak resonance in the presence of small time delay, critical time delay is bigger with the increasing system order when noise intensity is fixed and critical time delay is smaller with the increasing noise intensity when system order is fixed.
•SR in the fractional system with time delay and damping fluctuation is studied.•The robustness of GSR is proposed firstly regarding to driving and system frequency.•Bona-fide SR occurs and small time delay contributes to enhance resonance intensity.•GSR to noise intensity occurs, time delay enhances intensity and robustness of SR.•GSR to noise correlation rate occurs in the presence of small time delay.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious complication of diabetes, leads to structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and ultimately evolves to heart failure. IL-37 exerts a substantial ...influence on the regulation of inflammation and metabolism. Whether IL-37 is involved in DCM is unknown.
The plasma samples were collected from healthy controls, diabetic patients and DCM patients, and the level of IL-37 and its relationship with heart function were observed. The changes in cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis and mitochondrial injury in DCM mice with or without IL-37 intervention were investigated in vivo. By an in vitro co-culture approach involving HG challenge of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, the interaction carried out by cardiomyocytes on fibroblast profibrotic activation was studied. Finally, the possible interactive mediator between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts was explored, and the intervention role of IL-37 and its relevant molecular mechanisms.
We showed that the level of plasma IL-37 in DCM patients was upregulated compared to that in healthy controls and diabetic patients. Both recombinant IL-37 administration or inducing IL-37 expression alleviated cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice. Mechanically, hyperglycemia impaired mitochondria through SIRT1/AMPK/PGC1α signaling, resulting in significant cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the release of extracellular vesicles containing mtDNA. Fibroblasts then engulfed these mtDNA-enriched vesicles, thereby activating TLR9 signaling and the cGAS-STING pathway to initiate pro-fibrotic process and adverse remodeling. However, the presence of IL-37 ameliorated mitochondrial injury by preserving the activity of SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α axis, resulting in a reduction in release of mtDNA-enriched vesicle and ultimately attenuating the progression of DCM.
Collectively, our study demonstrates a protective role of IL-37 in DCM, offering a promising therapeutic agent for this disease.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition and there are no effective treatments. A novel new compound---colchicine-myricetin hybrid (CMyrH) was herein designed and synthesized. To evaluate ...the activity of CMyrH in ALI, we used a bleomycin (BLM) induced BEAS-2B injury model
and established a well-recognized rat model of BLM-induced lung injury
. The results demonstrated that colchicine-myricetin hybrid protected BEAS-2B cells against BLM-induced cell injury in an increased dose manner, and reduced wet/dry weight ratio, histological scoring, and inflammation cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α levels of lung tissue of the rats. Furthermore, we found colchicine-myricetin hybrid inhibited caspase-1, ASC, GSDMD, and NLRP-3 expression
. Meanwhile, we used molecular docking to analyze the binding mode of colchicine-myricetin hybrid and human neutrophil elastase (HNE), it revealed that colchicine-myricetin hybrid showed strong binding affinity toward human neutrophil elastase when compared to its parent molecules. In conclusion, It is suggested that colchicine-myricetin hybrid antagonized acute lung injury by focusing on multi-targets via multi-mechanisms, and might be served as a potential therapeutic agent for acute lung injury.
Most applications of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) rely on accurate location information of targets. However, the asynchronous clock, stratification effect, and strong-noise ...characteristics of underwater environment make target localization more challenging as compared with terrestrial sensor networks. This paper focuses on an asynchronous localization issue for underwater targets, subjected to the isogradient sound speed and noise measurements. A network architecture including surface buoys, sensors, and the target is first designed, where the clocks on sensors and the target are not required to be synchronized. To eliminate the effect of asynchronous clocks, we establish the relationship between the propagation delay and the position. Particularly, the ray tracing approach is adopted to model the stratification effect. Then, a localization optimization problem is formulated to minimize the sum of all measurement errors. To solve the localization optimization problem, a consensus-based unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) localization algorithm is proposed, where the convergence conditions and Cramér-Rao lower bounds are also given. Finally, simulation results reveal that the proposed localization approach can reduce the localization time by comparing with the exhaustive search method. Meanwhile, the consensus-based UKF localization algorithm can improve localization accuracy as compared with other works.
Iron chelating peptides have been widely utilized as iron supplements due to their excellent absorption capacity, However, the high cost and cumbersome manufacturing process of these peptides ...significantly limit their industrial application. In this study, fermentation was used for the first time to prepare iron chelating peptides. Bacillus altitudinis 3*1–3 was selected as the most suitable strain from 50 strains. The hydrolysates of fermented scallop skirts showed excellent iron-chelating capacity (9.39 mg/g). Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and histidine are crucial for the binding of peptides to ferrous ions. The heptapeptide (FEDPEFE) forms six binding bonds with ferrous irons. Compared with ferrous sulfate, peptide-ferrous chelate showed more stability in salt solution and simulated gastrointestinal juice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fermentation method could save >50% of the cost compared with the enzymatic method. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of ferrous-chelated peptides using the fermentation method.
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•For the first time, seafood-ferrous chelates were prepared by fermentation.•Fermented hydrolysates showed a high iron chelating rate of 9.39 mg/g.•Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and histidine are crucial for binding to ferrous ions.•Spatial structures of peptides are important for the chelating of iron and peptides.•The heptapeptide (FEDPEFE) forms six binding bonds with ferrous iron.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study aims to introduce a new sagittal cephalometric measurement, the sagittal G-triangle analysis, to accurately and reproducibly assess the sagittal jaw relationship. Sagittal G-triangle ...analysis, which consists of angles AXK and BXK, is based on an equilateral triangle (Bo-X-K) constructed using 5 cephalometric landmarks (Ba, Bo, Po, Or, and G). To test the diagnostic efficiency of this analysis, pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of 120 female and 120 male Chinese patients were randomly selected. For each enlisted subject, angles SNA and SNB as well as angles AXK and BXK were measured and recorded. On the basis of the SNA and SNB results, subjects were categorized into 6 groups: maxillary retrognathism, normal maxilla, maxillary prognathism, mandibular retrognathism, normal mandible, and mandibular prognathism. The diagnostic efficiency of angles AXK and BXK were evaluated using various statistical tests. A high correlation was detected between angles SNA and AXK as well as between angles SNB and BXK. Female patients with angle AXK between -2.255° and 2.860° and male patients with angle AXK between -2.615° and 2.120° were considered to have a normal maxilla position. Female patients with angle BXK between -2.61° and 2.93° and male patients with angle BXK between -2.275° and 0.610° were considered to have a normal mandible position. In conclusion, sagittal G-triangle analysis could be used as an alternative method for the evaluation of the sagittal position of the maxilla and mandible in cephalometric analysis.
To externally validate the Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (PAR) risk equation for predicting the 5-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in the Uyghur and Kazakh populations ...from rural areas in northwestern China and compare its performance with those of the pooled cohort equations (PCE) and Framingham risk score (FRS).
The final analysis included 3347 subjects aged 40-74 years without CVD at baseline. The 5-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the PAR, PCE, and FRS. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the three equations in predicting the 5-year ASCVD risk were assessed before and after recalibration.
Of 3347 included subjects, 1839 were female. We observed 286 ASCVD events in within 5-year follow-up. All three risk equations had moderate discrimination in both men and women. C-indices of PAR, PCE, and FRS were 0.727 (95% CI, 0.725-0.729), 0.727 (95% CI, 0.725-0.729), and 0.740 (95% CI, 0.738-0.742), respectively, in men; the corresponding C-indices were 0.738 (95% CI, 0.737-0.739), 0.731 (95% CI, 0.730-0.732), and 0.761 (95% CI, 0.760-0.762), respectively, in women. PCE, PAR and FRS substantially underestimated the 5-year ASCVD risk in women by 70, 23 and 51%, respectively. However, PAR and FRS fairly predicted the risk in men and PAR was well calibrated. The calibrations of the three risk equations could be changed by recalibration. The decision curve analyses demonstrated that at the threshold risk of 5%, PCE was the most clinically useful in both men and women after recalibration.
All three risk equations underestimated the 5-year ASCVD risk in women, while PAR and FRS fairly predicted that in men. However, the results of predictive performances for three risk equations are inconsistent, more accurate risk equations are required in the primary prevention of ASCVD aiming to this Uyghur and Kazakh populations.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Localization is an indispensable service for underwater sensor networks (USNs). Generally, the convex optimization method is adopted to solve the localization problem. However, the acoustic ray in ...water medium does not propagate along a straight line, which makes it difficult or impossible to transform the non-convex optimization problem into a convex optimization problem. This paper develops a broad learning (BL) based localization solution for USNs with isogradient sound speed profile. We first employ the ray tracing model to compensate the range bias caused by straight-line propagation. On the basis of collected range information from anchor nodes, the localization optimization problem is transformed into supervised, unsupervised and semisupervised learning frameworks. Correspondingly, three BL-based location estimators are developed to seek the position information of sensor nodes, where the incremental learning schemes are conducted for fast parameter tuning and remodeling. In addition, the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of positioning error and the convergence to global optimality are both analysed. Finally, simulation and experiment results are presented to show the effectiveness of our approach. It is demonstrated that the proposed solution in this paper has the following nice features: 1) relax the dependence of convex relaxation over convex optimization-based location estimators; 2) reduce the training time and improve the localization efficiency over deep learning-based location estimators.
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