•Macroalgae residue is promising raw material for producing biochar.•Biochar derived from pigments-extracted macroalgae is a promising adsorbent.•The malachite green adsorption capacity of MDBC800 is ...5306.2 mg/g.
Biochar is known to efficiently adsorb dyes from wastewater. In this study, biochar was derived from macroalgae residue by pyrolysis, and the influence of varying temperature (from 400 °C to 800 °C) on biochar characteristics was investigated. Among the biochar samples tested, macroalgae-derived biochar possessing highly porous structure, special surface chemical behavior and high thermal stability was found to be efficient in removing malachite green, crystal violet and Congo red. The biochar derived by pyrolysis at 800 °C showed the highest adsorption capacity for malachite green (5306.2 mg g−1). In this study, the transformation of microalgae residue into a highly efficient dye adsorbent is a promising procedure for economic and environmental protection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
DNA repair pathways are triggered to maintain genetic stability and integrity when mammalian cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. The deregulation of DNA repair pathways ...is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. As the primary anti-cancer therapies, ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents induce cell death by directly or indirectly causing DNA damage, dysregulation of the DNA damage response may contribute to hypersensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic agents and targeting DNA repair pathway can increase the tumor sensitivity to cancer therapies. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. A better understanding of the biology and the regulatory mechanisms of DNA repair pathways has the potential to facilitate the development of inhibitors of nuclear and mitochondria DNA repair pathways for enhancing anticancer effect of DNA damage-based therapy.
We integrate the genomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics of 480 clinical tissues from 146 patients in a Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort, among which 70 had metastatic CRC (mCRC). Proteomic ...profiling differentiates three CRC subtypes characterized by distinct clinical prognosis and molecular signatures. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of primary tumors alone successfully distinguishes cases with metastasis. Metastatic tissues exhibit high similarities with primary tumors at the genetic but not the proteomic level, and kinase network analysis reveals significant heterogeneity between primary colorectal tumors and their liver metastases. In vivo xenograft-based drug tests using 31 primary and metastatic tumors show personalized responses, which could also be predicted by kinase-substrate network analysis no matter whether tumors carry mutations in the drug-targeted genes. Our study provides a valuable resource for better understanding of mCRC and has potential for clinical application.
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•A large-scale proteogenomics study of metastatic colorectal cancers•Phosphoproteomic pattern distinguishes metastasis and predicts drug response•A workflow from generation of large omics datasets to in vivo drug testing models•Improves the selection of treatment strategies for patients without druggable mutation
Li et al. provide a global proteogenomic landscape for metastatic colorectal cancer in a Chinese cohort. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of primary tumors successfully distinguishes cases with metastasis and, together with network analysis, accurately reflects the drug responses of primary and metastatic tumors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Tumor cells rely mainly on glycolysis for energy production even in the presence of sufficient oxygen, a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect, which is the most outstanding characteristic of energy ...metabolism in cancer cells. This metabolic adaptation is believed to be critical for tumor cell growth and proliferation, and a number of onco-proteins and tumor suppressors, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor and p53, are involved in the regulation of this metabolic adaptation Moreover, glycolytic cancer cells are often invasive and impervious to therapeutic intervention. Thus, altered energy metabolism is now appreciated as a hallmark of cancer and a promising target for cancer treatment. A better understanding of the biology and the regulatory mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis has the potential to facilitate the development of glycolysis-based therapeutic interventions for cancer. In addition, glycolysis inhibition combined with DNA damaging drugs or chemotherapeutic agents may be effective anticancer strategies through weakening cell damage repair capacity and enhancing drug cytotoxicity.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Just as the heterojunctions in physics, donor–acceptor (D‐A) heterostructures are an emerging class of photoactive materials fabricated from two semiconductive components at the molecular level. ...Among them, D‐A hybrid heterostructures from organic and inorganic semiconductive components have attracted extensive attention in the past decades due to their combined advantages of high stability for the inorganic semiconductors and modifiability for the organic semiconductors, which are particularly beneficial to efficiently achieve photoinduced charge separation and transfer upon irradiations. In this review, by analogy with the heterojunctions in physics, a definition of the D‐A heterostructures and their general design and synthetic strategies are given. Meanwhile, the D‐A hybrid heterostructures are focused on and their recent advances in potential applications of photochromism, photomodulated luminescence, and photocatalysis summarized.
Donor‐acceptor (D‐A) hybrid heterostructures are an emerging class of photoactive materials fabricated from inorganic and organic semiconductive components at the molecular level, which is conductive to efficiently achieve the photoinduced charge separations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of D‐A hybrid heterostructures from the definition, design strategies to recent advances in potential applications of photochromism, photomodulated luminescence, and photocatalysis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The naringin extraction process was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). A central component design was adopted, which included four parameters: extraction temperature (X
), ...material-liquid ratio (X
), extraction time (X
), and ultrasonic frequency (X
) of 74.79 °C, 1.58 h, 1:56.51 g/mL, and 28.05 KHz, respectively. Based on these optimal extraction conditions, naringin was tested to verify the model's accuracy. Naringin yield was 36.2502 mg/g, which was equivalent to the predicted yield of 36.0124 mg/g. DM101 macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify naringin. The effects of loading concentration, loading flow rate, and sample pH on the adsorption rate of naringin and the effect of ethanol concentration on the desorption rate of naringin were investigated. The optimum conditions for naringin purification using macroporous resins were determined. The optimal loading concentration, sample solution pH, and loading flow rate were 0.075 mg/mL, 3.5, and 1.5 mL/min, respectively. Three parallel tests were conducted under these conditions, and the average naringin yield was 77.5643%. Naringin's structure was identified using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. In vitro determination of the lipid-lowering activity of naringin was also conducted. These results showed that naringin has potential applications as a functional food for lowering blood lipid levels.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
As a prodromal stage of dementia, significant emphasis has been placed on the identification of modifiable risks of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research has indicated a correlation between ...exposure to air pollution and cognitive function in older adults. However, few studies have examined such an association among the MCI population inChina.
We aimed to explore the association between air pollution exposure and MCI risk from the Hubei Memory and Aging Cohort Study.
We measured four pollutants from 2015 to 2018, 3 years before the cognitive assessment of the participants. Logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) to assess the relationship between air pollutants and MCI risk.
Among 4,205 older participants, the adjusted ORs of MCI risk for the highest quartile of PM2.5, PM10, O3, and SO2 were 1.90 (1.39, 2.62), 1.77 (1.28, 2.47), 0.56 (0.42, 0.75), and 1.18 (0.87, 1.61) respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. Stratified analyses indicated that such associations were found in both males and females, but were more significant in older participants.
Our findings are consistent with the growing evidence suggesting that air pollution increases the risk of mild cognitive decline, which has considerable guiding significance for early intervention of dementia in the older population. Further studies in other populations and broader geographical areas are warranted to validate these findings.
A twinning bare bones particle swarm optimization(TBBPSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The TBBPSO is combined by two operators, the twins grouping operator (TGO) and the merger operator (MO). ...The TGO aims at the reorganization of the particle swarm. Two particles will form as a twin and influence each other in subsequent iterations. In a twin, one particle is designed to do the global search while the other one is designed to do the local search. The MO aims at merging the twins and enhancing the search ability of the main group. Two operators work together to enhance the local minimum escaping ability of proposed methods. In addition, no parameter adjustment is needed in TBBPSO, which means TBBPSO can solve different types of optimization problems without previous information or parameter adjustment. In the benchmark functions test, the CEC2014 benchmark functions are used. Experimental results prove that proposed methods can present high precision results for various types of optimization problems.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown promising prospects in gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer immunotherapy, many clinical trials have been carried out.
Objective: To ...evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICI in G/GEJ cancer.
Methods: The published English articles of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science were searched up to 30/09/2018. The efficacy and safety of ICI were analyzed by meta-analysis.
Results: A total of 2003 patients from nine clinical trials were included. Anti-PD-1 treatment improved the 12-month, 18-month overall survival (OS) rate (RR, 1.79 p = 0.013; 2.20 p = 0.011) and prolonged the duration of response (DOR) (MSR, 3.27 p < 0.001). The objective response rate (ORR) in PD-L1+ patients was greater than PD-L1− (RR, 4.31 p < 0.001). Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) patients had higher ORR and disease control rate (DCR) than microsatellite stability (MSS) (RR, 3.40 p< 0.001; 2.26 p= 0.001). The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were fatigue, aspartate aminotransferase increased, hepatitis, pneumonitis, colitis, hypopituitarism. The TRAE incidence of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 was less than chemotherapy (TRAE RR = 0.64 p< 0.001; ≥3 TRAE RR = 0.37 p < 0.001). The incidence of ≥3 TRAEs of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment was less than that of anti-CTLA-4 (11.7% vs 43.9%).
Conclusions: ICI treatment could improve some but not all survival endpoints to advanced or metastatic G/GEJ cancer patients suggesting modest benefit and less adverse reactions. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy was more effective to PD-L1+, MSI-H, EBV+, or high tumor mutational burden patients.
A deep memory bare-bones particle swarm optimization algorithm (DMBBPSO) for single-objective optimization problems is proposed in this paper. The DMBBPSO is able to perform high-precision local ...search while maintaining a large global search, thus providing a reliable solution to high-dimensional complex optimization problems. Normally, maintaining high accuracy while conducting global searches is an important challenge for single-objective optimizers. Traditional particle swarms optimizers can rapidly lose the diversity during iterations and are unable to perform global searches efficiently, and thus are more likely to be trapped by local optima. To address this problem, the DMBBPSO combines multiple memory storage mechanism (MMSM) and a layer-by-layer activation strategy (LAS). The MMSM catalyzes a set of deep memories to increase the diversity of the particle swarm. For every single particle, both of the personal best position and deep memories will be used in the evaluation process. The LAS enables the particle swarm to avoid premature convergence while enhancing local search capabilities. The collaboration between MMSM and LAS enhances the diversity of the particle swarm, which in turn enhances the robustness of the DMBBPSO. To investigate the optimization ability of the DMBBPSO for single-objective optimization problems, The CEC2017 benchmark functions are used in experiments. Five state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms are used in the control group. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the DMBBPSO can provide high precision results for single-objective optimization problems.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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