A moral crisis can be personal, collective, or national. It is the perception of a critical accumulation of attitudinal changes that disrupt preexisting ethical norms and behavior. Most public ...perceptions of a moral crisis are not shared by all the people in a society, and the contents of moral crises also shift over time due to ongoing changes in social conditions and subjective perspectives. The differences, tensions, and conflicts underpinning recurrent public discourses over morality constitute the politics of moral crisis. This article first sketches the social conditions and moral premises in the 1970s that set the stage for radical changes in attitudinal perspectives in the post-Mao era, examines in particular the value shift toward a more individualistic morality in the 1980s, and contends that the Chinese understanding of Western individualism as a doctrine of egotism helped plant the seeds of public perceptions of moral crisis. The final section unpacks five perceived types of moral crises and points out the politics in each, highlighting the centrally important role of the Party-state in shaping China’s moral landscape. An examination of these moral crises provides a unique angle to understand the complexity of social transformation and political constraints in post-Mao China.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Food-safety problems constitute a new, urgent, and multifaceted challenge to Chinese people, society, and the state, involving a number of social, political, and ethical issues beyond those of food ...safety, nutrition, and health. In light of Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society, this article examines food-safety problems in contemporary Chinese society at the levels of food hygiene, unsafe food, and poisonous foods and argues that food-safety problems not only affect the lives of Chinese people in harmful ways but also pose a number of manufactured risks that are difficult to calculate and control. More importantly, food-safety problems in China have contributed to a rapid decline of social trust, thus posing a risk of distrust that has far-reaching social and political ramifications. In this sense, a risk society has already arrived in China but it comes with certain local characteristics and poses some new theoretical questions.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, CEKLJ, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The present study demonstrates that the values and practices of neo-familism are altering the ethical foundation of eldercare in a similar way as they did in other areas of family life. The chief ...ethical challenges include the shift of the center of gravity from ancestors to children or grandchildren, the inversion of the hierarchical order within the oneness of parent–child identity, the saliency of eldercare
qinqing
discourse derived from the intimate and emotional turn in family life, the importance of family history as the keeper of the balance sheet of
qinqing
interactions, and the emerging pursuit of distributive justice in the sphere of private life. Working together, these challenges have effectively destabilized the principle of filial piety as the ethical foundation of eldercare and, at the same time, they have contributed to the formation of a
qinqing
ethics of eldercare. The article ends with a sketch of the main features of the emerging
qinqing
ethics and a call for more innovative thinking out of the gatekeeping box of filial piety paradigm in the sociology of Chinese family.
•The calculation method of flood regulation capacity based on SWMM is suitable for high-density blocks.•The random forest model can be used to identify the contribution degree of each factor to flood ...hazard objectively and quickly.•Sub-catchment and block unit are two important spatial scales for the comparison of flood regulation supply and demand.•Risk zoning based on flood regulation supply–demand comparison is the basis for flood management in high-density blocks.
Global climate change has led to frequent extreme climate disasters, which are increasingly serious threats to high-density urban blocks. Flood risk mapping research is emerging from flood regulation (FR) supply and demand perspectives. However, the existing research on FR supply and demand in high-density blocks lacks effective models, intelligent technology, and risk-management applications. From the perspective of supply and demand matching of FR, this study constructed a method for identifying and managing flood-risk areas in high-density blocks by integrating urban hydrological models and intelligent computing technology. SWMM was used to simulate the FR supply level of the high-density blocks under rainstorm conditions. The intelligent technology of the random forest model and entropy weight TOPSIS were used to calculate the demand level of FR. Flood risk management zones were identified by comparing supply and demand. Considering the Yuandang blocks in Xiamen, China, as the research scope, the results show that (1) with the increase in the recurrence period, the scope of the low-supply area of FR continues to expand, and the subcatchment areas with low-supply levels are concentrated in Lianqian West, Lakeside South, and Houdaixi Streets. (2) The high-demand areas for FR are mainly located in the high-intensity development blocks on the south side of Yandang Lake and the middle of Dongping Mountain. (3) Twenty (4.63%) subcatchment areas and 112 (3.00%) plot units belong to the high-risk areas of the low-supply, high-demand type, which can be divided into four categories and three levels of flood control zones. From the flood risk management perspective, the research results can provide a decision-making basis for land use and facility optimisation layouts of high-density blocks.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT
Based on evidence drawn from longitudinal fieldwork over three decades, in this study I unpack the complex connections among the development of intergenerational intimacy, the redefinition ...of filial piety, and the rise of descending familism in a north China village. In the first section, I discuss the structural and functional solidarity in intergenerational relationships by examining changing patterns in household composition. Next I show that villagers have redefined the norms of filial piety by relinquishing unconditional obedience and submission from the junior to the senior generations, thus paving the way to intergenerational intimacy. In the third section, I take a closer look at the practices of intergenerational intimacy, the special role played by married women, and the blurring of the boundaries between intimacy and privacy. Next I offer a brief account of macrolevel social factors that render intergenerational intimacy important in family life and result in the rise of descending familism. I conclude by placing the case study in a comparative context and exploring the implications of intergenerational intimacy and descending familism beyond the village community.
RESUMEN
Basado en evidencia extraída del trabajo de campo longitudinal a lo largo de tres décadas, en este estudio examino de cerca las conexiones complejas entre el desarrollo de la intimidad intergeneracional, la redefinición de la piedad filial, y el desarrollo del familismo en una comunidad del norte de China. En la primera sección, discuto la solidaridad estructural y funcional en las relaciones intergeneracionales examinando los patrones cambiantes en la composición del hogar. Luego muestro que los habitantes han redefinido las normas de piedad filial renunciando a la obediencia incondicional y la sumisión de la generación menor a la generación mayor, allanando así el camino para la intimidad intergeneracional. En esta tercera sección, tomo una mirada más cercana a las prácticas de intimidad intergeneracional, el rol especial jugado por las mujeres casadas y la difuminación de los limites entre intimidad y privacidad. Después, ofrezco una breve explicación de los factores sociales a nivel macro que hacen la intimidad intergeneracional importante en la vida familiar y resultan en la emergencia del familismo descendente. Concluyo colocando el estudio de caso en un contexto comparativo y explorando las implicaciones de la intimidad intergeneracional y el familismo descendente más allá de la comunidad del pueblo.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
This article aims to introduce the value of grassroots archives at the Center for Data and Research on Contemporary Social Life (CDRCSL) at Fudan University for qualitative research in social ...sciences and humanities. This special collection includes written materials on various aspects of social life that are left outside the official archive system. We first introduce the types and features of the grassroots archives collection and then briefly review the values of these primary sources, illustrated by two examples. We conclude with brief discussion on some case studies based on the primary data from the CDRCSL collection and our reflection on the tension between the protection of subject privacy and preservation of historical truth.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer, composed of two core-offset tapered joints (COTJ-MZI), is proposed and experimentally verified for high sensitivity strain sensing. The COTJ-MZI is handily fabricated ...by core-offset fusion splicing and tapering based on all single-mode fiber (SMF). The fiber cores form stepped cores within the COTJs. The transmission spectra with different core-offset values and interference lengths are obtained and theoretically analyzed. Benefitting from the stepped cores in the COTJ structure, the mode coupling points are able to be modulated easily by the applied strain. A strain sensitivity of −108.0 pm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \varepsilon </tex-math></inline-formula> (0-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">400~\mu \varepsilon </tex-math></inline-formula>) and −47.6 pm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \varepsilon </tex-math></inline-formula> (400-1200 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \varepsilon </tex-math></inline-formula>) is achieved. In addition, the temperature response is also characterized as low as 23.3 pm/°C. With the advantages of low cost and high sensitivity, the COTJ-MZI sensor is competitive candidates in the field of strain measurement.
The Chinese path to individualization Yan, Yunxiang
The British journal of sociology,
September 2010, 2010-Sep, 2010-09-00, 20100901, Volume:
61, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article explores the rise of the individual and the consequential individualization of society which should be viewed as a reflexive part of China's state‐sponsored quest for modernity. It ...traces the origin of the individualization process to the Maoist era, arguing that some collectivist programmes of social engineering and the socialist path of modernization under Maoism ironically resulted in a partial individualization of Chinese society. Examining profound social changes during the three decades of the post‐Mao reforms, the article reveals a number of similarities with the individualization process in Western Europe but also demonstrates some important differences. In the last section, the theoretical implications of the Chinese case in light of Ulrich Beck's theory of individualization and second modernity are discussed.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel tapered two-mode fiber embedded long-period fiber grating (TTMF-LPFG) sensor is proposed. The long-period fiber grating (LPFG) is fabricated by periodically splicing the two-mode fiber (TMF) ...and single-mode fiber (SMF), and then the LPFG is tapered to make a refractive index (RI) sensor. By comparing the sensors with different waist diameters, we found that the smaller the diameter of the sensor is, the higher the sensitivity is. When the taper waist diameter is 36 μm, the maximum sensitivity reaches 1360.43 nm/RIU. TTMF-LPFG shows low sensitivity to the temperature, avoiding the influence of temperature. For the traditional taper fiber, a very thin taper waist is required to excite strong evanescent field (EF) in order to obtain a large RI sensitivity. This situation creates a sensor fragile. For our structure, through the cone, LPFG can be formed and the sensitivity can be improved at the same time. The sensor has great potential in chemical composition analysis and biomedical applications.
This review focuses on the preparation methods and wide applications of optic fiber sensors based on core-offset structure. Firstly, the classification and preparation methods of core-offset ...structures are introduced. Then, the applications of different types of sensors based on the core-offset structure are investigated, including the measurement of physical parameters such as temperature, strain, refractive index (RI), bending, magnetic field by Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), cascaded sensor, long period fiber grating (LPFG), fiber Bragg grating (FBG), Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and Surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Compared with the traditional fiber sensor, core-offset structure sensor with a non-axisymmetric characteristic has excellent sensing characteristics, especially in the recognition of bending direction and high RI sensitivity. Furthermore, the design scheme, working principle and sensing characteristics of different core-offset sensors are also briefly described. Finally, the existing challenges and development direction of optic fiber sensors based on core-offset structure is discussed and prospected.
