A pair of chiral, emissive and porous tubular multi-functional organic molecular cages were synthesized easily by imine chemistry of 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)-tetrabenzaldehyde (ETTBA) ...with (
R
,
R
)- or (
S
,
S
)-diaminocyclohexane (CHDA). It was found that the chirality of CHDA was transferred and amplified to tetraphenylethylene (TPE) in the process of formation of cages, which further endowed the cages with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) characteristics. As a result of the synergy of the chirality and porous structure in the solid state, both cages exhibited a good chiral adsorption enantioselectivity to a series of aromatic racemates.
A pair of chiral, emissive and porous tubular multi-functional organic molecular cages were synthesized easily by imine chemistry of 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)-tetrabenzaldehyde (ETTBA) with (
R
,
R
)- or (
S
,
S
)-diaminocyclohexane (CHDA).
Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are of great interest in various applications due to its 1D nanoscale, high aspect ratio, high specific surface area, excellent strength, and modulus as well as impressive ...chemical and thermal stabilities. It is considered as one of the most promising nano‐sized building blocks with excellent properties and has therefore drawn increasing attention since 2011. However, no review has summarized the research progress and the prospective challenges of ANF. Herein, the methods of ANF fabrication and their relative merits are comprehensively discussed together with the challenges and progress in the deprotonation method for preparing ANF. The fabrication methods and development of ANF‐based advanced materials with different macroscopic morphologies, including the 1D ANF aerogel fiber, 2D ANF film/nanopaper/coating, and 3D ANF gel and particle are also described. Furthermore, the applications of ANF in nanocomposite reinforcement, battery separators, electrical insulation nanopaper, flexible electronics, and adsorption and filtration media are presented. Additionally, the possible challenges and outlooks toward the future development of ANF are highlighted. This review indicates that the ANF and ANF‐based materials mentioned herein will boost the development of next‐generation advanced functional materials.
Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) present unique properties as a promising building block for the construction of advanced materials. Herein, the fabrication methods, properties, development, and applications of ANF in different forms are summarized. The possible challenges in and outlooks toward the future development of ANF and ANF‐based nanocomposites are highlighted.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Interstitial fluid (ISF), as an emerging source of biomarkers, is unmistakably significant for disease diagnosis. Microneedles (MNs) provide a minimally invasive approach for extracting the desired ...molecules from ISF. However, existing MNs are limited by their capture efficiency and sensitivity, which impedes early disease diagnosis. Herein, an engineered wearable epidermal system is presented with a combination of reverse iontophoresis and MNs for rapid capture and sensing of Epstein‐Barr virus cell‐free DNA (an important biomarker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma). Owing to a dual‐extraction effect demonstrated by reverse iontophoresis and MNs, the engineered wearable platform successfully isolates the cell‐free DNA target from ISF within 10 min, with a threshold of 5 copies per µL and a maximum capture efficiency of 95.4%. The captured cell‐free DNA is also directly used in a recombinase polymerase amplification electrochemical microfluidic biosensor with a detection limit of 1.1 copies per µL (or a single copy). The experimental data from immunodeficient mouse models rationalizes the feasibility and practicality of the wearable system. Collectively, the developed method opens an innovative route for minimally invasive sampling of ISF for cell‐free DNA‐related cancer screening and prognosis.
A wearable patch could efficiently capture and sense cell‐free DNA from interstitial fluid based on the dual‐extraction effect. The captured cell‐free DNA could be directly used in a recombinase polymerase amplification electrochemical flexible microfluidic biosensor. The engineered wearable patch opens an alternative route for minimally invasive sampling of interstitial fluid cell‐free DNA.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Recent advances in biointerfaces have led to the development of wearable devices that can provide insights into personal health. As wearable modules, microneedles can extract analytes of ...interest from interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive fashion. However, some microneedles are limited by their ability to perform highly effective extraction and real-time monitoring for macromolecule biomarkers simultaneously. Here we show the synergetic effect of CRISPR-activated graphene biointerfaces, and report an on-line wearable microneedle patch for extraction and in vivo long-term monitoring of universal cell-free DNA. In this study, this wearable system enables real-time monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus, sepsis, and kidney transplantation cell-free DNA, with anti-interference ability of 60% fetal bovine serum, and has satisfactory stable sensitivity for 10 days in vivo. The experimental results of immunodeficient mouse models shows the feasibility and practicability of this proposed method. This wearable patch holds great promise for long-term in vivo monitoring of cell-free DNA and could potentially be used for early disease screening and prognosis.
(Hetero)arenes are one kind of important structural motifs existed extensively in clinical pharmaceutics, pesticides, and so on. Developing novel method for introducing (hetero)aryl group through the ...employment of cheap and abundant feedstocks has attracted considerable attentions from synthetic community. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in photoredox‐catalyzed decyanative cross‐coupling reactions based on the persistent aromatic nitrile‐derived radical. We separate the review into redox‐neutral and reductive cross‐coupling reactions according to whether an external reducing agent is required. The diverse strategies of overcoming the redox potential limitation of photocatalyst are emphasized in the discussion of specific reaction.
This review summarizes the recent advancements in photoredox‐catalyzed decyanative functionalization of (hetero)aromatic nitriles which involves the cross‐coupling between a persistent cyano‐substituted aryl radical and a transient radical as the key step.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The ferroelectric-photovoltaic (FE-PV) device, in which a homogeneous ferroelectric material is used as a light absorbing layer, has been investigated during the past several decades with numerous ...ferroelectric oxides. The FE-PV effect is distinctly different from the typical photovoltaic (PV) effect in semiconductor p-n junctions in that the polarization electric field is the driving force for the photocurrent in FE-PV devices. In addition, the anomalous photovoltaic effect, in which the voltage output along the polarization direction can be significantly larger than the bandgap of the ferroelectric materials, has been frequently observed in FE-PV devices. However, a big challenge faced by the FE-PV devices is the very low photocurrent output. The research interest in FE-PV devices has been re-spurred by the recent discovery of above-bandgap photovoltage in materials with ferroelectric domain walls, electric switchable diodes and photovoltaic effects, tip-enhanced photovoltaic effects at the nanoscale, and new low-bandgap ferroelectric materials and device design. In this feature article, we reviewed the advance in understanding the mechanisms of the ferroelectric photovoltaic effects and recent progress in improving the photovoltaic device performance, including the emerging approaches of integrating the ferroelectric materials into organic heterojunction photovoltaic devices for very high efficiency PV devices.
Prediction-error expansion (PEE) is the most successful reversible data hiding (RDH) technique, and existing PEE-based RDH methods are mainly based on the modification of one- or two-dimensional ...prediction-error histogram (PEH). The two-dimensional PEH-based methods perform generally better than those based on one-dimensional PEH; however, their performance is still unsatisfactory since the PEH modification manner is fixed and independent of image content. In this paper, we propose a new RDH method based on PEE for multiple histograms. Unlike the previous methods, we consider in this paper a sequence of histograms and devise a new embedding mechanism based on multiple histograms modification (MHM). A complexity measurement is computed for each pixel according to its context, and the pixels with a given complexity are collected together to generate a PEH. By varying the complexity to cover the whole image, a sequence of histograms can be generated. Then, two expansion bins are selected in each generated histogram and data embedding is realized based on MHM. Here, the expansion bins are adaptively selected considering the image content such that the embedding distortion is minimized. With such selected expansion bins, the proposed MHM-based RDH method works well. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional PEE and its miscellaneous extensions including both one- or two-dimensional PEH-based ones.
•Applications of machine learning to machine fault diagnosis are reviewed.•Traditional machine learning brought intelligence to fault diagnosis in the past.•Deep learning focuses on further enhanced ...benefits in the present.•Transfer learning promotes achievements to engineering scenarios in the future.•A roadmap of intelligent fault diagnosis is pictured to provide research trends.
Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) refers to applications of machine learning theories to machine fault diagnosis. This is a promising way to release the contribution from human labor and automatically recognize the health states of machines, thus it has attracted much attention in the last two or three decades. Although IFD has achieved a considerable number of successes, a review still leaves a blank space to systematically cover the development of IFD from the cradle to the bloom, and rarely provides potential guidelines for the future development. To bridge the gap, this article presents a review and roadmap to systematically cover the development of IFD following the progress of machine learning theories and offer a future perspective. In the past, traditional machine learning theories began to weak the contribution of human labor and brought the era of artificial intelligence to machine fault diagnosis. Over the recent years, the advent of deep learning theories has reformed IFD in further releasing the artificial assistance since the 2010s, which encourages to construct an end-to-end diagnosis procedure. It means to directly bridge the relationship between the increasingly-grown monitoring data and the health states of machines. In the future, transfer learning theories attempt to use the diagnosis knowledge from one or multiple diagnosis tasks to other related ones, which prospectively overcomes the obstacles in applications of IFD to engineering scenarios. Finally, the roadmap of IFD is pictured to show potential research trends when combined with the challenges in this field.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C₆-C₂) moiety ...attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new findings on PhGs over the past 10 years, concerning the new structures, their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antivirus, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects, and pharmacokinetic properties.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tandem jump: A novel copper‐catalyzed tandem trifluoromethylation/semipinacol rearrangement reaction of allylic alcohols has been achieved under mild conditions. This reaction is valuable for the ...difunctionalization of alkenes through simultaneous construction of a C sp 3CF3 bond and a quaternary carbon center, and could provide a straightforward strategy for the preparation of α‐quaternary β‐trifluoromethyl ketone derivatives.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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