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•This study first compared different disinfection processes for controlling DBPs in rainwater.•The application of chloramine could control the yields of C-DBPs, but not N-DBPs in ...rainwater.•K2FeO4 exerted effective control of most identified DBPs in rainwater.•UV-related AOPs could control DBP formation as well as cyto- and genotoxicity.•UV/PS was more effective to reduce DOC and alter DOM in rainwater than UV/H2O2.
With increasing shortage of clean water, rainwater has been considered as a precious alternative drinking water source. The processes applied to rainwater treatment are responsible for the safety of drinking water. Therefore, we systematically compared different disinfection processes to evaluate the control of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation and integrated cyto- and genotoxicity of the treated rainwater for the first time. The evaluated disinfection processes included chlorination and chloramination, pre-oxidation by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and potassium ferrate (K2FeO4), ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2), and ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) processes. The results revealed that chloramination was effective for controlling the formation of carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs), but not nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs). Compared to KMnO4 pre-oxidation, better reduction of almost all DBPs was observed during K2FeO4 pre-oxidation. According to the calculation of cytotoxicity index (CTI) and genotoxicity index (GTI), cyto- and genotoxicity of the samples decreased obviously at the dosage of ≥ 2.0 mg/L KMnO4 and K2FeO4. The control of the cyto- and genotoxicity of the formed DBPs from the two UV-related AOPs was more effective at the dosage of ≥ 1.0 mM PS and ≥ 5.0 mM H2O2. Moreover, UV/PS was much more powerful to alter the structure of DBP precursors in rainwater.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Materials emitting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have been intensively studied for their promising applications in various fields. However, developing tunable and responsive CPL materials ...in a wide wavelength range remains a great challenge. Here, a pair of chiral (R,R/S,S-DCDA)3Sb2Cl12 (DCDA = dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine divalent cation) shows efficient broadband yellow emission with a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 27.6% with a CPL asymmetry factor of 3 × 10–3. The associated chiroptical activity is attributed to the efficient chiral transfer as well as the self-trapped exciton emission originating from the large distortion of the inorganic blocks. Notably, (R,R/S,S-DCDA)3Sb2Cl12 exhibits a large red-shift emission exceeding 100 nm upon lowering temperature. An excellent linear correlation of the PL wavelength on temperature indicates that the compounds can be used as PL thermometers, which originates from a temperature-dependent linear structural distortion of the SbCl6 emitter. This work inspires the potential utilization of CPL-emitting materials as responsive light sources.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Recent evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Using miRNA microarray and functional screening methods to compare miRNA ...expression profiles in osteosarcoma cell lines treated with Trichostatin A (TSA), overexpression of miR-542-5p was determined to be involved in the proliferation of osteosarcoma. We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and nanoscale liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (NanoLC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins in MNNG/HOS and U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines transfected with miR-542-5p; in both cell lines, seven proteins were downregulated, and nine were upregulated. HUWE1 was found to be a direct target of miR-542-5p in both osteosarcoma cell lines, and was negatively correlated with miR-542-5p levels in human osteosarcoma tissues. Moreover, the expression of miR-542-5p was upregulated in human osteosarcoma tissue compared with non-tumor adjacent tissue. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-542-5p predicted poor prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Taken together, our results indicated that miR-542-5p plays a critical role in the proliferation of osteosarcoma and targets HUWE1.
Abstract
Pb
M
O
3
(
M
= 3
d
transition metals) family shows systematic variations in charge distribution and intriguing physical properties due to its delicate energy balance between Pb 6
s
and ...transition metal 3
d
orbitals. However, the detailed structure and physical properties of PbFeO
3
remain unclear. Herein, we reveal that PbFeO
3
crystallizes into an unusual 2
a
p
× 6
a
p
× 2
a
p
orthorhombic perovskite super unit cell with space group
Cmcm
. The distinctive crystal construction and valence distribution of Pb
2+
0.5
Pb
4+
0.5
FeO
3
lead to a long range charge ordering of the -A-B-B- type of the layers with two different oxidation states of Pb (Pb
2+
and Pb
4+
) in them. A weak ferromagnetic transition with canted antiferromagnetic spins along the
a
-axis is found to occur at 600 K. In addition, decreasing the temperature causes a spin reorientation transition towards a collinear antiferromagnetic structure with spin moments along the
b
-axis near 418 K. Our theoretical investigations reveal that the peculiar charge ordering of Pb generates two Fe
3+
magnetic sublattices with competing anisotropic energies, giving rise to the spin reorientation at such a high critical temperature.
This study evaluated the allelopathy, uptake and accumulation, and potential agricultural and food safety risks of nicotine in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) during seed germination and seedling growth. ...Nicotine stress has an allelopathic inhibitory effect on seeds and a hormesis effect on germinated seeds and seedlings, which has an enhancement effect (<50 mg kg−1) and an inhibition effect (>100 mg kg−1) on the germinated seeds and an enhancement effect (<100 mg kg−1) and an inhibition effect (>200 mg kg−1) on the seedlings. Exogenous nicotine can be absorbed by broad bean roots from nicotine-contaminated soil and accumulated in the main organs of the seedlings, especially the leaves, which exceeded the maximum residue level (0.03 mg kg−1 DW) at 50 mg kg−1. Moreover, nicotine resulted in a bitter taste in the edible broad bean leaves, disrupting the balance of basic nutritional properties, decreasing sucrose, and increasing bitter substances such as choline and procyanidin. These results demonstrated that residual nicotine in the soil not only poses potential risks to sustainable agricultural development but also a food safety risk for consumers. The present study provides insight into the potential risks of nicotine in agroecosystems.
•Exogenous nicotine is taken up by broad bean, transported from roots to shoots, and accumulated in the leaves.•Nicotine stress has an allelopathic inhibitory effect on broad bean seeds but a hormesis effect on the germinated seeds and seedling.•Nicotine has potential risks for sustainable agricultural development.•Nicotine results in a bitter taste in edible broad bean leaves and poses a food safety risk.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chiral hybrid metal halides (CHMHs) have received a considerable amount of attention in chiroptoelectronics, spintronics, and ferroelectrics due to their superior optoelectrical properties and ...structural flexibility. Owing to limitations in synthesis, the theoretical prediction of room-temperature stable chiral three-dimensional (3D) CHFClNH 3 PbI 3 has not been successfully prepared, and the optoelectronic properties of such structures cannot be studied. Herein, we have successfully constructed two pairs of chiral 3D lead iodide hybrids ( R / S / Rac -3AEP)Pb 2 I 6 (3R/S/Rac, 3AEP = 3-(1-aminoethyl)pyridin-1-ium) and ( R / S / Rac -2AEP)Pb 2 I 6 (2R/S/Rac, 2AEP = 2-(1-aminoethyl)pyridin-1-ium) through chiral introduction and ortho substitution strategies, and obtained bulk single crystals of 3R/S/Rac. The 3R/S exhibits optical activity and bulk photovoltaic effect induced by chirality. The 3R crystal device exhibits stable circularly polarized light performance at 565 nm with a maximum anisotropy factor of 0.07, responsivity of 0.25 A W −1 , and detectivity of 3.4 × 10 12 jones. This study provides new insights into the synthesis of chiral 3D lead halide hybrids and the development of chiral electronic devices.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Structural phase transitions in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites offer the potential for controlling a wide range of physical properties. However, the rational design of phase-transition ...materials remains challenging in the relevant fields. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two one-dimensional (1D) perovskites: (4ATHP)PbI3 (1; 4ATHP = 4-aminotetrahydropyran), featuring face-shared inorganic chains and (4AMTHP)6Pb5I16(H2O)2 (2; 4AMTHP = 4-aminomethyltetrahydropyran), which contains rare mixed face-shared and edge-shared inorganic chains. Interestingly, despite the minor difference in the cation between 1 and 2, solely defined by the length of the terminal group, 2 shows phase-transition properties while 1 does not. Crystal structure analysis and Hirshfeld surface analysis indicate that the phase transition arises from the ordered–disordered change of the cation’s terminal group and the weakening of the interactions between the cation and inorganic skeleton. In addition, compound 2 exhibits rare biaxial negative thermal expansion behavior. These findings provide valuable insights into the expansion of functional phase-transition materials, offering a promising avenue for further design and development.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Purpose
This paper aims to present a multi-scale stochastic damage model (SDM) for concrete and apply it to the stochastic response analysis of reinforced concrete shear wall structures.
...Design/methodology/approach
The proposed SDM is constructed at two scales, i.e. the macro-scale and the micro-scale. The general framework of the SDM is established on the basis of the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) at the macro-scale, whereas the detailed damage evolution is determined through a parallel fiber buddle model at the micro-scale. The parallel buddle model is made up of micro-elements with stochastic fracture strains, and a one-dimensional random field is assumed for the fracture strain distribution. To represent the random field, a random functional method is adopted to quantify the stochastic damage evolution process with only two variables; thus, the numerical efficiency is greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the probability density evolution method (PDEM) is introduced for the structural stochastic response analysis.
Findings
By combing the SDM and PDEM, the probabilistic analysis of a shear wall structure is performed. The mean value, standard deviation and the probability density function of the shear wall responses, e.g., shear capacity, accumulated energy consumption and damage evolution, are obtained.
Originality/value
It is noted that the proposed method can reflect the influences of randomness from material level to structural level, and is efficient for stochastic response determination of shear wall structures.
A two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) material with out-of-plane ferroelectricity is the key to the miniaturization of vertical-sandwich-type ferroelectric optoelectronic ...devices. However, 2D OIHP ferroelectrics with out-of-plane polarization are still scarce, and effective design strategies are lacking. Herein, we report a novel 2D Dion–Jacobson perovskite ferroelectric semiconductor synthesized by a rigid-to-flexible cationic tailoring strategy, achieving an out-of-plane polarization of 1.7 μC/cm2 and high photoresponse. Integrating out-of-plane ferroelectricity with excellent photoelectric properties affords a promising platform to investigate ferroelectricity-related effects in vertical optoelectronic devices.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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