Background： Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head （NONFH） is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its ...significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods： A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging exalnination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein （HDL） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH. Results： NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects （0.725%） and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinesepeople aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females （1.02% vs. 0.51%, x^2 = 24.997, P 〈 0.001 ）. Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents （0.85% vs. 0.61%,x^2= 5.847, P = 0.016）. Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels oftriglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-H DL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH. Conclusions： Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significantpublic health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.
1,3‐Bis(boronic) esters can be readily synthesized from alkylBpin precursors. Selective transformations of these compounds hold the potential for late‐stage functionalization of the remaining C−B ...bond, leading to a diverse array of molecules. Currently, there are no strategies available to address the reactivity and, more importantly, the controllable regiodivergent functionalization of 1,3‐bis(boronic) esters. In this study, we have achieved controllable regiodivergent alkynylation of these molecules. The regioselectivity has been clarified based on the unique chelation patterns observed with different organometallic reagents. Remarkably, this methodology effectively addresses the low reactivity of 1,3‐bis(boronic) esters and bridges the gap in radical chemistry, which typically yields only the classical products formed via stable radical intermediates. Furthermore, the compounds synthesized through this approach serve as potent building blocks for creating molecular diversity.
An efficient method for controllable regiodivergent alkynylation of 1,3‐bis(boronic) esters using distinct organometallic reagents has been developed. Mechanistic studies revealed that unique chelation patterns are essential in determining selectivity. This approach overcomes the drawbacks associated with coupling reactions through radical mechanisms, which commonly yield the classical products reacting through stable radical species.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Spherical Bi(2)MoO(6) nanoarchitectures with scale of 500 nm-2 μm were prepared by a solvothermal reaction using bismuth nitrate and ammonium molybdate as precursors. Ag(3)PO(4) nanoparticles were ...then deposited onto the surface of Bi(2)MoO(6)via a facile deposition-precipitation technique. The photocatalytic tests display that the Ag(3)PO(4)/Bi(2)MoO(6) nanocomposites possess a much higher rate for degradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue than the pure Ag(3)PO(4) nanoparticles and Bi(2)MoO(6) under visible light. The catalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts is greatly influenced by the loading level of Ag(3)PO(4). The 50 mol% Ag(3)PO(4)-loaded Bi(2)MoO(6) spheres exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity in both the decolorization of RhB and MB. The observed improvement in photocatalytic activity is associated with the extended absorption in the visible light region resulting from the Ag(3)PO(4) nanoparticles, and the effective separation of photogenerated carriers at the Ag(3)PO(4)/Bi(2)MoO(6) interfaces. In addition, the composite can be easily reclaimed by sedimentation without any loss of its stability. Moreover, the tests of radical scavengers confirmed that h(+) and ˙OH were the main reactive species for the degradation of RhB.
Efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) energy conversion under ambient conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) is important for pursuing scalable solar hydrogen generation. Modification of ...polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) by conjugated polymers has attracted great attention for improving photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance. However, the limited interfacial junction between PCN and conjugated polymers leads to a low density of free charges, resulting in unsatisfactory PHE activity. Herein, three donor‐π‐acceptor‐structured organic molecules (OMs) with different electron‐donating units (amino, N,N‐diethyl and triphenylamine) and same electron‐accepting unit (benzothiadiazole) are designed to modify PCN to enlarge the interfacial junction. The optimized PHE performance under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight and ambient conditions can maintain as high as 4.63 mmol h−1 g−1 (the highest record among all the reported PCN‐based photocatalysts to the best of the authors knowledge). The improved performance can be partially attributed to the strong visible light harvesting capability of OMs. Specifically, the triphenylamine unit in the formed type II molecule heterojunctions (MHJ) enables efficient charge separation at the interfacial junction, which prolongs the photogenerated electron lifetime for PHE. The designed MHJ photocatalysts show outstanding PHE performance under ambient conditions, which is highly promising for scalable STH conversion.
Type II molecule heterojunctions (MHJ) with large interfacial junctions are obtained by integrating donor‐π‐acceptor‐structured organic molecules with polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). This MHJ delivers superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance (4.63 mmol h−1 g−1) under ambient conditions, which is the highest among all reported PCN‐based photocatalysts. The outstanding PHE performance under ambient conditions of the MHJ makes it promising for scalable solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Ag/AgBr‐grafted graphite‐like carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is fabricated by the in situ photoreduction of AgBr/g‐C3N4 hybrids prepared by a deposition–precipitation method. The Ag/AgBr/g‐C3N4 hybrids ...exhibit a strong absorbance in the visible and near‐IR region because of the surface plasmon resonance absorption of Ag nanocrystals. Compared with bare g‐C3N4 and Ag/AgBr nanoparticles, a 28‐fold and six‐fold enhancement in the degradation rate of rhodamine B is observed over Ag/AgBr/g‐C3N4 hybrids under visible‐light irradiation, respectively. The immense enhancement of the photocatalytic activity is attributed to the extended absorption in the visible‐light region, effective charge separation, and synergistic enhancement in the ternary Ag/AgBr/g‐C3N4 system. Moreover, the composite can be reclaimed easily by sedimentation without any decrease of its photocatalytic activity. This study provides new insight into the fabrication of highly efficient and stable g‐C3N4‐based plasmonic photocatalysts and facilitates their practical application to solve environmental issues.
Composite success: Ag/AgBr‐grafted graphite‐like carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is fabricated by the in situ photoreduction of AgBr/g‐C3N4 hybrids prepared by a deposition–precipitation method. Compared with bare g‐C3N4 and Ag/AgBr nanoparticles, respective 28‐fold and 6‐fold enhancements in the degradation rate toward rhodamine B are observed over Ag/AgBr/g‐C3N4 hybrids under visible‐light irradiation.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•PC is the most abundant class in egg yolk PLs, and it is very efficient in generating odorants.•Linoleic acid is the predominant PUFA in egg yolk PLs, and its corresponding predominant hydroperoxide ...is 9-HPOD.•9-HPOD is the precursor of 2,4-decadienals, the key odorants of chicken meat and fried foods.•Egg yolk PLs are an ideal precursor of lipid-derived odorants, especially for chicken meat and fried foods.
Egg yolk phospholipids (PLs) have been demonstrated to generate large quantities of lipid-derived odorants, especially the fatty note odorants. Recently, egg yolk PLs have been successfully used in chicken meat and fried foods to improve aroma. This review comprehensively summarizes the properties of egg yolk PLs as precursors of fatty note odorants, including their classes, extraction, identification, oxidation, decomposition and odorant formation, applications, considerations and future prospects in the food industry. Most likely, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant class in egg yolk PLs, and PC is more efficient than phosphatidylethanolamine in generating fatty note odorants; moreover, the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid is linoleic acid, and its corresponding predominant hydroperoxide is 9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid during autoxidation, which is the precursor of 2,4-decadienals and 2,4-nonadienals, the key fatty note odorants. Therefore, egg yolk PLs could be an ideal precursor of fatty note odorants for chicken meat and fried foods.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The Study for Promotion of Health in Recycling Lead (SPHERL) assessed the blood pressure (BP) and renal function (RF) responses for up to 6 years in the workers without previous occupational lead ...exposure. BP was the average of five consecutive readings and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was derived from serum creatinine (eGFRcrt) and cystatin C (eGFRcys). Blood lead (BL) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (detection limit 0.5 μg/dL). The statistical methods included multivariable‐adjusted mixed models and interval‐censored Cox regression analysis. The 234 workers analyzed were on average 28.5 years old and included 91.9% men. The baseline BL concentration was 4.35 μg/dL and increased 3.17‐fold over follow‐up (median: 2.03 years; range: 0.92–6.45 years). The changes in BP and RF were not significantly correlated with the follow‐up‐to‐baseline BL ratio (p ≥ .51 and p ≥ .18, respectively). The fully‐adjusted changes in systolic/diastolic BP associated with a doubling of BL were −0.25/−0.12 mm Hg (CI: −0.94 to 0.44/−0.66 to 0.42 mm Hg). Accordingly, the incidence of stage‐1 or ‐2 hypertension was not associated with the BL change (p ≥ .063). Similarly, the changes in eGFRcrt and eGFRcys associated with a 3‐fold BL increment were not significant, amounting to −0.70 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CI: −1.70 to 0.30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and −1.06 mL/min/1.73 m2 (−2.16 to 0.03 mL/min/1.73 m2). In conclusion, the BP and RF responses to an over 3‐fold BL increment were small and not significant confirming the safety of modern lead‐handing facilities operating under current safety rules.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A substantial proportion of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients experience biochemical failure (BCF) after radical prostatectomy (RP). The immune microenvironment plays a vital role in ...carcinogenesis and the development of PRAD. This study aimed to identify a novel immune‐related gene (IRG)‐based signature for risk stratification and prognosis of BCF in PRAD. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was carried out to identify a BCF‐related module in a discovery cohort of patients who underwent RP at the Massachusetts General Hospital. The median follow‐up time was 70.32 months. Random forest and multivariate stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to identify an IRG‐based signature from the specific module. Risk plot analyses, Kaplan‐Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, stratified analysis, and Harrell’s concordance index were used to assess the prognostic value and predictive accuracy of the IRG‐based signature in the internal discovery cohort; The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used as a validation cohort. Tumor immune estimation resource database analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to assess the immunophenotype of PRAD. A novel IRG‐based signature was identified from the specific module. Five IRGs (BUB1B, NDN, NID1, COL4A6, and FLRT2) were verified as components of the risk signature. The IRG‐based signature showed good prognostic value and predictive accuracy in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Infiltrations of various immune cells were significantly different between low‐risk and high‐risk groups in PRAD. We identified a novel IRG‐based signature that could function as an index for assessing tumor immune status and risk stratification in PRAD.
This study aimed to identify a novel immune‐related gene (IRG)‐based signature for risk stratification and prognosis of biochemical failure in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD). We identified an IRG‐based signature using weighted gene coexpression network analysis and random forest and multivariable stepwise Cox regression analyses and assessed the prognostic value and predictive accuracy of the IRG‐based signature in both internal and external cohorts. This novel IRG‐based signature could function as an index for assessing tumor immune status and risk stratification in PRAD. In addition, we analyzed the immune microenvironment of PRAD and identified immune cell changes associated with high‐risk PRAD.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from nucleus could trigger inflammation. Extracellular HMGB1 up-regulates inflammatory response in sepsis as a late mediator. However, little was ...known about its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage-inducible inflammation, especially in the early stage. This study aims to identify whether HMGB1 translocation occurred early after SAH and also to clarify the potential role of HMGB1 in brain injury following SAH.
Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group and SAH groups at 2 h, 12 h and on day 1, day 2. SAH groups suffered experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage by injection of 0.3 ml autoblood into the pre-chiasmatic cistern. Rats injected by recombinant HMGB1(rHMGB1) solution were divided into four groups according to different time points. Cultured neurons were assigned into control group and four hemoglobin (Hb) incubated groups. Mixed glial cells were cultured and stimulated in medium from neurons incubated by Hb. HMGB1 expression is measured by western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit P65 and inflammatory factor Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured by western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Brain injury was evaluated by cleaved caspase-3 staining.
Our results demonstrated HMGB1 translocation occurred as early as 2 h after experimental SAH with mRNA and protein level increased. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results indicated cytosolic HMGB1 was mainly located in neurons while translocated HMGB1 could also be found in some microglia. After subarachnoid injection of rHMGB1, NF-κB, downstream inflammatory response and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated in the cortex compared to the saline control group. In-vitro, after Hb incubation, HMGB1 was also rapidly released from neurons to medium. Incubation with medium from neurons up-regulated IL-1β in mixed glial cells. This effect could be inhibited by HMGB1 specific inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid (GA) treatment.
HMGB1 was released from neurons early after SAH onset and might trigger inflammation as an upstream inflammatory mediator. Extracellular HMGB1 contributed to the brain injury after SAH. These results might have important implications during the administration of specific HMGB1 antagonists early in order to prevent or reduce inflammatory response following SAH.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bacterium A1, isolated to enhance nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater
in situ, exhibited an amazing ability to convert ammonium to gaseous nitrogen compounds under fully aerobic ...conditions, while growing autotrophically or heterotrophically. A1 was identified as
Bacillus subtilis by morphological and physiological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rDNA gene sequence. Nitrogen removal by A1 was analyzed in relation to the ammonium concentration, presence of organic carbon, carbon source, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N). The nitrogen balance during 120
h of autotrophic growth in the presence of 104.12
±
1.27
mg/L
NH
4
+
N
showed that 20.4
±
2.7% of
NH
4
+
N
was removed as gaseous nitrogen compounds, and
A1 removed 58.4
±
4.3% of
NH
4
+
N
within 60
h of growth in acetate medium at a C/N
of 6. A mean ammonium removal rate of 3.52
mg
NH
4
+
N
/(L
h) was achieved in an open wastewater system, indicating great potential of A1 for future full-scale applications.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
PDF
