Epilepsy affects more than 70 million people in the world. It is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures, and it is related to many neurological, cognitive, and psychosocial consequences. ...Glutamate neurotransmitter dysfunction has essential functions in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. In this work, bibliometric analysis was conducted to explore the trends, frontiers, and hotspots of the global scientific output of glutamate in epilepsy research in the past 20 years. The Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was searched to obtain information on publications and records published between 2002 and 2021. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to conduct bibliometric and visual analyses on the overall distribution of annual output, major countries, active institutions, journals, authors, commonly cited literature, and keywords. The impact and quality of the papers were assessed using the global citation score (GCS). Four thousand eight hundred ninety-one publications were retrieved in total. During the past two decades, the number of publications (Np) associated with glutamate in epilepsy has risen yearly. The United States has published the most papers; its H-index and number of citations are also the highest. The League of European Research Universities (LERU) was the most productive institution. In 2016, the total score of the paper written by Zhang Y was 854, ranking first. The keywords that appear most frequently are “epilepsy,” “glutamate,” “temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE),” “hippocampus,” and “seizures.” This study showed that although the publications related to epileptic glutamate fluctuated slightly, the Np increased overall. The United States is a great creator and influential country in this field. The first three authors are Eid, T., Aronica, E., and Smolders, I. “spectrum,” “animal model,” “inflammation,” “mutation,” “dysfunction,” and “prefrontal cortex” are increasing research hotspots. By recognizing the most critical indicators (researchers, countries, research institutes, and journals of glutamate release in epilepsy research), the research hotspot of glutamate in epilepsy could help countries, scholars, and policymakers in this field enhance their understanding of the role of glutamate in epilepsy and make decisions.
Abstract
The accepted models of wind turbine and generator, respectively, were used to investigate how wind speed affected the subsynchronous oscillation of Double-fed wind turbine. Secondly, the ...oscillation characteristics of output are analyzed in the model/simulation of the PSCAD / EMTDC platform. The energy consumed when the wind speed changes are mainly affected by the subsystem of wind turbine. Below rated wind speed, increasing wind speed can inhibit subsynchronous oscillation, and increase the stability of the unit. The wind speed on the sub-synchronous oscillation is small as higher than normal wind speed.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been explored in epilepsy with limited samples, varied parameters, and inconclusive results. We aimed to study the efficacy of tDCS for patients ...with refractory focal epilepsy.
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, and three-arm (Group 1 (sham), Group 2 (20-min), and Group 3 (2 × 20-min)) tDCS parallel multicenter study. The primary outcome measurement was seizure frequencies (SFs). The study consisted of 28-days baseline, 14-days treatment, and 56-days follow-up. The cathode was placed over the epileptogenic focus, and the current intensity was 2 mA. The generalized estimating equations model, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for analysis.
Of the 82 enrolled patients, 70 patients were included for final analysis (Group 1, n = 21; Group 2, n = 24; and Group 3, n = 25). There was a significant reduction in SFs for both active tDCS groups compared with the sham group. Patients in Group 2 showed a significantly 50.73–21.91% greater reduction in SFs that lasted for 4 weeks (p = 0.008–0.060). Patients in Group 3 showed a significantly 63.19–49.79% greater reduction in SFs compared with the sham group that lasted for 5 weeks (p = 0.011–0.045). Patients in Group 3 had a 64.98–66.32% greater reduction in SFs at W9–W10, when compared with Group 2 (p = 0.021–0.022).
Fourteen consecutive days tDCS significantly decreased SFs in patients with refractory focal epilepsy, with 2 × 20-min daily stimulation protocol being superior to 20-min daily stimulation protocol.
•TDCS has been explored in epilepsy with limited samples, varied parameters and inconclusive results.•Safety and efficacy of two tDCS protocols were evaluated in patients with refractory focal epilepsy in a multicenter study.•TDCS treatment with 20-min and 2 × 20-min for consecutive 14 days significantly decreased SFs, compared to sham group.•The protocol using 2 × 20-min daily stimulation was superior to the protocol using 20-min daily stimulation only.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is a fundamental ability to discriminate incongruent information in daily activity. However, the underlying neural dynamics are still unclear. Using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), in this ...study, we investigated the fine-grained and different states of incongruent information processing in patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent intracranial electrode implantation. All patients performed a delayed match-to-sample paradigm in the sequential pairs of visual stimuli (S1 followed by S2). Participants were asked to discriminate whether the relevant feature of S2 was identical to S1 while ignoring the irrelevant feature. The spatiotemporal cortical responses evoked by different conditions were calculated and compared, respectively, in the context of brain intrinsic functional networks. In total, we obtained SEEG recordings from 241 contacts in gray matter. In the processing of irrelevant incongruent information, the activated brain areas included the superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. By comparing the relevant incongruent condition with the congruent condition, the activated brain areas included the middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and posterior cingulate cortex. We demonstrated the dynamics of incongruent information processing with high spatiotemporal resolution and suggested that the process of automatic detection of irrelevant incongruent information requires the involvement of local regions and relatively few networks. Meanwhile, controlled discrimination of relevant incongruent information requires the participation of extensive regions and a wide range of nodes in the network. Furthermore, both the frontoparietal control network and default mode network were engaged in the incongruent information processing.
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Hypersalivation has been associated with Rolandic epilepsy and other childhood epilepsy syndromes. However, pure salivatory seizures are a rare type of focal seizure in which ...ictal hypersalivation is the dominant feature throughout the seizures.
Case presentation
We present a case of pure salivatory seizures originating from the right post‐central operculum cortex, confirmed by the favorable surgical outcome. We attempt to analyze the symptom from behavioral and neural network perspectives and propose a possible mechanism to generate ictal hypersalivation and pure salivatory seizures.
Conclusion
Based on previous reports in the literature and our case, we emphasize the importance of the operculum in patients with ictal hypersalivation, particularly in patients with pure salivatory seizures.
We share a case of a patient with epilepsy who presented with hypersalivation as prominent manifestation. After the resection of right centro‐operculum region, the patient was seizure free and ictal hypersalivation disappeard. This evidence may help us to understand the mechanism of ictal hypersalivation, whereby epileptic discharges are found in centro‐operculum, further activating the autonomic nuclei in brain stem, ultimately leading to the production of excessive saliva in the salivary glands.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim
To investigate the uncertainty in illness, anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis and confirm the correlations between these variables.
Design
A ...cross‐sectional study was conducted among 396 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis in four tertiary hospitals in China.
Methods
Uncertainty in illness was measured by Mishel's uncertainty in illness scale. The scores of self‐rating anxiety scale, self‐rating depression scale and medical outcomes study short form 36 were collected and compared with available norms. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the correlation between uncertainties in illness with these vital variables.
Results
The mean score of uncertainty in illness was 78.16 out of 160. Compared with the norm, patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis had a statistically significantly lower score of depression and higher scores of most domains of quality of life. Uncertainty in illness is corrected with anxiety, depression positively and with quality of life negatively.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of age, work experience, cognition, and work ability in older employees working in heavy industry. Subjects and Methods The study was ...conducted using 100 subjects who were over 55 years old and worked in heavy industry. To obtain data, we first had the subjects complete the MoCA-K test and Work Ability Index (WAI). The data were then analyzed by frequency and correlation using statistical software (SPSS 21.0). Results Through this study, we discovered a significant positive correlation between WAI and MoCA-K, age, and work experience. Conclusion This study revealed that work ability in older employees increases not with the number of years worked but with the enhancement of cognitive ability. Special management that focuses on cognition is therefore required for senior employees working in the field of heavy industry.
Delineation of subtle lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative patients is of great importance in preoperative epilepsy evaluation. The aim of our study was to explore the diagnostic ...value of the novel fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) sequence in comparison with a voxel-based MRI postprocessing morphometric analysis program (MAP) in a consecutive cohort of non-lesional patients.
Surgical candidates with a negative finding on an official neuroradiology report were enrolled. High-resolution FLAWS image and MAP maps generated based on high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1 image were visually inspected for each patient. The findings of FLAWS or MAP-positive (FLAWS/MAP+) regions were compared with the surgical resection cavity in correlation with surgical outcome and pathology.
Forty-five patients were enrolled; the pathological examination revealed focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in 32 patients and other findings in 13 patients. The positive rate, sensitivity, and specificity were 48.9%, 0.43, and 0.87, respectively, for FLAWS and 64.4%, 0.57, and 0.8, respectively, for MAP. Concordance between surgical resection and FLAWS+ or MAP+ regions was significantly associated with a seizure-free outcome (FLAWS:
= 0.002; MAP:
= 0.0003). A positive finding in FLAWS and MAP together with abnormalities in the same gyrus (FLAWS-MAP gyral+) was detected in 31.1% of patients. FLAWS+ only and MAP+ only were found in 7 (15.5%) and 14 (31.1%) patients, respectively.
FLAWS showed a promising value for identifying subtle epileptogenic lesions and can be used as a complement to current MAP in patients with MRI-negative epilepsy.
Epileptic spasms (ES) is a severe seizure type and lack of adequate methods for controlling of clinical attacks. Previous studies have indicated that cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation ...(tDCS) reduces seizure frequency for patients with epilepsy. ES are proposed to have a focal cortical origin. We hypothesized that patients with ES exhibit hyperactive network hubs in the parietal lobe, and that cathodal tDCS targeting the bilateral parietal region can reduce seizure frequency in patients with pharmacoresistant ES.
The present study consisted of three basic phases: (a) a pre-treatment monitoring period for 14 days; (b) a consecutive 14-day treatment period during which patients were treated with 1 or 2 mA cathode tDCS for 40 min once per day; (c) and a follow-up period for at least 28 days. During the first 20 min of treatment, the cathode was placed over the right parietal lobe (P4) with the reference electrode over the contralateral supra-orbital area. In the second 20 min, the cathode was placed over the left parietal lobe (P3), with the reference electrode over the contralateral supra-orbital area. All patients received active tDCS treatment, and some patients underwent more than one treatment block. Patients maintained a seizure diary throughout the study. Antiepileptic drug therapy remained unchanged throughout the study. K-related samples Friedman tests and two-related samples tests were used to analyze data from all patients.
Seven patients with pharmacoresistant ES were included, receiving a total of eighteen 14-day blocks of tDCS treatment. We observed a significant difference in seizure frequency at the second month (
= 0.028, unadjusted), as well as a trend toward decreased seizure frequency at the fourth month (
= 0.068, unadjusted) of the first follow-up, relative to baseline. Three of seven patients (42.9%) exhibited sustained seizure reduction, while one (14.3%) experienced a short-term reduction in seizure frequency following cathodal tDCS treatment. Treatment was well tolerated in all patients.
Repeated tDCS with the cathode placed over the bilateral parietal region is safe and may be effective for reducing seizure frequency in a subgroup of patients with pharmacoresistant ES.
•Ictal embarrassment (IE) and ictal appeasement behavior (IAB) are rare and unusual.•IAB following IE complies with the natural embarrassment process.•The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex plays a ...crucial role in IE and IAB.•The network of IE and IAB overlaps with natural embarrassment processing network.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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