To investigate whether age at first sexual intercourse could lead to any changes in the risk of oral cavity cancer.
A two-sample mendelian randomization was conducted using genetic variants ...associated with age at first sexual intercourse in UK biobank as instrumental variables. Summary data of Northern American from a previous genome-wide association study aimed at oral cavity cancer was served as outcome. Three analytical methods: inverse variance-weighted, mendelian randomization Egger, and weighted median were used to perform the analysis, among which inverse variance-weighted was set as the primary method. Robustness of the results was assessed through Cochran Q test, mendelian randomization Egger intercept tests, MR PRESSO, leave one out analysis and funnel plot.
The primary analysis provided substantial evidence of a positive causal relationship age at first sexual intercourse and the risk of oral cavity cancer (p = 0.0002), while a delayed age at first sexual intercourse would lead to a decreased risk of suffering oral cavity cancer (β = -1.013). The secondary outcomes confirmed the results (all β < 0) and all assessments supported the robustness, too (all
> 0.05).
The study demonstrates that a delayed sexual debut would provide protection against OCC, thus education on delaying sexual intercourse should be recommended.
In this paper, the coal rock is taken as the research object, and the saw-2000 rock servo test system is used to creep pre damage the coal sample, and the uniaxial compression failure test is carried ...out. The fracture surface of coal sample after uniaxial compression was observed by xpv-900e computer transmission and reflection polarizing microscope, and the meso images of the fracture surface under different magnification were collected. The meso images obtained were binary processed by ImageJ software and the fractal dimension was calculated. The test results show that: with the increase of creep pre damage degree, the damage degree of coal increases; the peak strength first increases and then decreases; the overall change trend of elastic modulus first increases and then decreases; the micro cracks of coal sample first close and then expand with the increase of creep pre damage degree; the fractal dimension value decreases with the increase of the multiple of mirrors, and then decreases with the increase of damage degree.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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•Stevia residue extract (SRE) is prepared during steviol glycosides production.•Chlorogenic acids and caffeic acid were identified as the major components of SRE.•SRE ameliorated ...oxidative stress in d-galactose (d-gal) induced aging mice.•SRE promoted the activation of Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in d-gal treated mice liver.•Dietary intake of SRE may be beneficial in preventing or delaying the onset of aging.
The present study investigated the effect of Stevia residue extract (SRE) against oxidative stress in d-galactose (d-gal) induced aging mice. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that SRE is a good source of chlorogenic acids. Biochemical results showed that SRE significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum, liver or brain of d-gal induced aging mice. At 200 mg/kg, SRE up-regulated the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target genes including GPx1, CAT, SOD1, quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in d-gal treated mice liver. SRE also up-regulated the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to Akt (pAkt/Akt) in d-gal treated mice liver. These findings suggest that SRE is able to protect against oxidative stress in d-gal induced aging model via activation of Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In conclusion, SRE may provide a promising dietary approach for the prevention or alleviation of oxidative stress and age-related conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the most effective method to treat infertility and the pathogenesis of implantation failure after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a ...challenging filed in infertility. Microbes in the female reproductive tract are considered to be associated with gynecological and obstetric diseases. However, its effects on embryo implantation failure are unsured.BACKGROUNDAssisted reproductive technology (ART) is the most effective method to treat infertility and the pathogenesis of implantation failure after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a challenging filed in infertility. Microbes in the female reproductive tract are considered to be associated with gynecological and obstetric diseases. However, its effects on embryo implantation failure are unsured.This study aimed to investigate reproductive tract dysbiosis, identify different bacteria in reproductive tract as potential biomarkers of embryo implantation failure and demonstrate the pathogenesis through metabolites analysis.PURPOSEThis study aimed to investigate reproductive tract dysbiosis, identify different bacteria in reproductive tract as potential biomarkers of embryo implantation failure and demonstrate the pathogenesis through metabolites analysis.We compared the data from 16S rRNA gene and metagenome in reproductive tracts through QIIME2 and HUMAnN2 by the times of embryo implantation failure on 239 infertile patients and 17 healthy women.METHODSWe compared the data from 16S rRNA gene and metagenome in reproductive tracts through QIIME2 and HUMAnN2 by the times of embryo implantation failure on 239 infertile patients and 17 healthy women.Our study revealed a strong positive correlation between Lactobacillus abundance and embryo implantation success (IS) after IVF-ET. The microbial community composition and structure in reproductive tract showed substantially difference between the embryo implantation failure (IF) and healthy control. Moreover, we established a diagnostic model through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with 0.913 area under curve (AUC) in IS and multiple implantation failures (MIF), verified its effectiveness with an AUC = 0.784 demonstrating microbial community alterations could efficiently discriminate MIF patients. Metagenome functional analyses of vaginal samples from another independent infertile patients after IVF-ET revealed the L-lysine synthesis pathway enriched in IF patients, along with ascended vaginal pH and decreased Lactobacillus abundance.RESULTSOur study revealed a strong positive correlation between Lactobacillus abundance and embryo implantation success (IS) after IVF-ET. The microbial community composition and structure in reproductive tract showed substantially difference between the embryo implantation failure (IF) and healthy control. Moreover, we established a diagnostic model through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with 0.913 area under curve (AUC) in IS and multiple implantation failures (MIF), verified its effectiveness with an AUC = 0.784 demonstrating microbial community alterations could efficiently discriminate MIF patients. Metagenome functional analyses of vaginal samples from another independent infertile patients after IVF-ET revealed the L-lysine synthesis pathway enriched in IF patients, along with ascended vaginal pH and decreased Lactobacillus abundance.This study clarifies several independent relationships of bacteria in vagina and endometrial fluid on embryo implantation failure and undoubtedly broadens the understanding about female reproductive health.CONCLUSIONSThis study clarifies several independent relationships of bacteria in vagina and endometrial fluid on embryo implantation failure and undoubtedly broadens the understanding about female reproductive health.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Identifying multi-scale anomalies that have simple forms and geological significance is critical for enhancing the interpretability of gravity and magnetic survey data. In recent years, empirical ...mode decomposition (EMD), which was developed as a significant data-driven approach for analyzing complex signals, has been widely used in identifying gravity and magnetic anomalies due to its advantages of adaptability to nonlinear and nonstationary data. Nevertheless, the traditional EMD method is usually sensitive to outliers and irregularly spaced data because of the interpolation process in the construction of envelopes. In this regard, an extended algorithm called statistical EMD (SEMD) has been proposed based on the smoothing technique. In this study, for validation purposes, the novel SEMD method has been employed to identify multi-scale gravity and magnetic anomalies. The sensitivities of local polynomial and cubic spline smoothing methods in SEMD to combination and arrangement patterns of field sources including the size, depth, and distance in gravity and magnetic anomaly identification were investigated and compared by forward modeling under the same conditions. The results demonstrated that the local polynomial smoothing method performed better than the cubic spline smoothing method. Thus, in the case study, the SEMD method using the local polynomial smoothing technique was employed for identifying multi-scale gravity and magnetic anomalies in the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, northwestern China. It has illustrated that the SEMD method provides a novel and useful data-driven method for extracting gravity and magnetic anomalies.
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CEKLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Little is known about the molecular pathway to monomers of semiconductor nanocrystals. Here we report a general reaction pathway, which is based on hydrogen-mediated ligand loss for the precursor ...conversion to 'monomers' at low temperature before nucleation. We apply (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor the key phosphorous-containing products that evolve from MXn+E=PPh2H+HY mixtures, where MXn, E=PPh2H, and HY are metal precursors, chalcogenide precursors, and additives, respectively. Surprisingly, the phosphorous-containing products detected can be categorized into two groups, Ph2P-Y and Ph2P(E)-Y. On the basis of our experimental and theoretical results, we propose two competing pathways to the formation of M2En monomers, each of which is accompanied by one of the two products. Our study unravels the pathway of precursor evolution into M2En monomers, the stoichiometry of which directly correlates with the atomic composition of the final compound nanocrystals.
Infection is one of the most common causes of death in children with hematological diseases. Here, we aim to investigate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the detection of ...causative pathogens in children with hematological diseases.
In this retrospective study, specimens from children with hematological diseases, who were admitted to Sun Yat-Sen University between June 2019 and September 2021, were collected for culture and mNGS.
A total of 67 pediatric patients were enrolled, and 96 specimens were collected. The positive rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture (57.2% vs 12.5%, P < 0.01). The concordance (90.9%, 10/11) between the positive results of the two methods was high. mNGS detected more cases with Pneumocystis jeroveci, Aspergillus flavus, viruses, and some rare pathogens than culture. Mixed infections were detected by mNGS in 16 cases. Clinical anti-infective treatment was adjusted according to the results of mNGS, the conditions of most patients improved.
Compared to culture, mNGS shows great advantages in diagnosing bacterial, fungal, viral, and mixed infections in children with hematologic diseases, positively impacting clinical care. mNGS can be used as a complement to culture for pathogen detection.
•The positive rate of mNGS is superior to pathogen culture.•mNGS had a particular meaning in viral infection and mixed infection.•mNGS made a positive impact on children's hematological disease management.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aminotransferase ARO8 was proved to play an efficient role in conversion of l-methionine into methionol via the Ehrlich pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in our previous work. In this work, the ...reversible transamination activity of ARO8 for conversion of α-keto-γ-(methylthio) butyric acid (KMBA) into l-methionine was confirmed in vitro. ARO8 was cloned from S. cerevisiae S288c and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21. A 2-fold higher aminotransferase activity was detected in the recombinant strain ARO8-BL21, and ARO8 was detected in the supernatant of ARO8-BL21 lysate with IPTG induction by SDS-PAGE analysis. The recombinant ARO8 was then purified and used for transforming KMBA into l-methionine. An approximately 100% conversion rate of KMBA into l-methionine was achieved by optimized enzymatic reaction catalyzed by ARO8. This work fulfilled l-methionine biosynthesis catalyzed by the aminotransferase ARO8 using glutamate and KMBA, which provided a novel method for l-methionine production by enzymatic catalysis with the potential application prospect in industry.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
37662RM1 and 37662RM2 are two phenotypically different, carbapenem-resistant mutants of
Acinetobacter baumannii
37662 isolate following selection with meropenem (MEM) at sub-inhibitory ...concentrations. 37662RM2 lacks capsule synthesis and shows dramatically increased biofilm formation, while 37662RM1 shows merely impaired capsule synthesis. Here we report that 37662RM1 and RM2 have transcription profiles that are different from those of their starting strain, 37662WT. There were far more differentially expressed genes in 37662RM2 than in 37662RM1. The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis-required genes (
itrA2
,
gtr5
,
psaA
,
psaB
,
psaC
,
psaD
,
psaE
,
psaF
,
kpsS2, wzx
,
wzy
,
wza
,
wzb
, and
wzc
) showed reduced transcription levels in 37662RM2, which may at least partially explain the loss of capsule synthesis. The
csu
operon genes responsible for pili assembly and their regulator genes
bfmR
-
bfmS
were over-expressed in 37662RM2. This result together with the established critical roles of these genes in biofilm formation provide solid evidence that up-regulation of
csu
and
bfmR
-
bfmS
should be considered responsible for the enhanced biofilm formation in 37662RM2. IS
Aba
1 was found to insert into the intergenic region between the
csu
operon and the
acrR
gene and should be responsible for the significant up-regulation of
acrR
, which was proposed to be associated with biofilm formation. Genome sequencing revealed that the IS
Aba
1 upstream
bla
OXA–
508
(a new member of
bla
OXA–
51
-like) and
acrR
were duplicated, suggesting a replicative transposition event. Altogether, the phenotype divergence driven by MEM selection mainly occurs at the RNA level and the transposition of IS
Aba
1 plays an important role in modulating gene expression to adapt to the environment.
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•Carboxymethyl functionalized β-cyclodextrin-modified graphene oxide was fabricated.•CM-β-CD-GO perform remarkable adsorption capacity for methylene blue.•Electrostatic interaction ...play a crucial role in the adsorption of methylene blue by CM-β-CD-GO.
In this study, a novel carboxymethyl functionalized β-cyclodextrin-modified graphene oxide (CM-β-CD-GO) adsorbent was designed and fabricated. The CM-β-CD-GO was applied to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption mechanism was discussed in detail through the study of pH effect, kinetics, and isotherm models. The adsorption of CM-β-CD-GO for MB displayed high removal rates at the pH range of 6.0–10.0, and the removal efficiency is over 90% within 20 min. The pseudo-second-order model could well describe the kinetic process of MB adsorption, and the adsorption was determined by the multi-step process. The maximum uptake capability of CM-β-CD-GO towards MB was 245.70 mg g−1 at 25 °C according to Langmuir isotherm model. A possible adsorption mechanism that electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction, and host-guest supramolecular interactions supported MB adsorption was proposed. The adsorption capacity of CM-β-CD-GO showed no significant change after five cycles. The structure and morphology of CM-β-CD-GO were characterized by XPS, FT-IR, TGA, PXRD, AFM, SEM, zeta (ζ) potential determination, and Raman spectroscopy. This work provides valuable information for the design of novel adsorbents that specifically and efficiently adsorb cationic dyes contaminants.
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GEOZS, IJS, NUK, OILJ, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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