•Paradigm of the theory of urban bias is an effective tool to understand China's land development policy.•Policy is measured by the extent to which compensation deviates from the market value of ...expropriated land.•Effect of urban-biased land development on the urban-rural income gap is robust, significant, and positive.•This effect is attributed to an unbalanced urban-rural income growth associated with the land development.
Developing countries generally face the challenge of significant urban-rural divides during their process of industrialization and urbanization. Following the paradigm of the theory of urban bias (TUB), this article focuses on the urban-biased land development policy (UBLDP) in contemporary China, which refers that local governments expropriate rural land with the inadequate compensation and use a considerable share of net land revenue to develop urban areas instead of rural areas. On the basis of pointing out three practical facts about and proposing the technique to measure the UBLDP, its influence on the urban-rural income gap (URIG) is investigated by employing the GMM dynamic model along with panel data from Hubei Province over the period of 2010-2016. The results show that a 1% increase in the extent to which compensation deviates from the market value of expropriated rural land (ERL) leads to a 0.46% increase in the URIG, while this effect is attributed to an unbalanced urban-rural income growth associated with the land development. These findings not only generate a broad of direct implications for Chinese policymakers but also provide lessons for other developing countries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Models designed to detect abnormalities that reflect disease from facial structures are an emerging area of research for automated facial analysis, which has important potential value in smart ...healthcare applications. However, most of the proposed models directly analyze the whole face image containing the background information, and rarely consider the effects of the background and different face regions on the analysis results. Therefore, in view of these effects, we propose an end-to-end attention network with spatial transformation to estimate different pain intensities. In the proposed method, the face image is first provided as input to a spatial transformation network for solving the problem of background interference; then, the attention mechanism is used to adaptively adjust the weights of different face regions of the transformed face image; finally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) containing a Softmax function is utilized to classify the pain levels. The extensive experiments and analysis are conducted on the benchmarking and publicly available database, namely the UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain. More specifically, in order to verify the superiority of our proposed method, the comparisons with the basic CNNs and the-state-of-the-arts are performed, respectively. The experiments show that the introduced spatial transformation and attention mechanism in our method can significantly improve the estimation performances and outperform the-state-of-the-arts.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Land price plays an important role in guiding land resource allocation for urban planning and development, particularly in big cities of fast developing countries where infrastructures and ...populations change frequently. Therefore, detecting spatially implicit information in the spatial pattern of relationships between land price and related impact factors is critical. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis was conducted in this study for the purpose in Wuhan, China, by using a 10-year panel data set of residential land price. Based on twelve factors in three aspects (land attributes, location factors and neighborhood attributes), an evaluation index system of resident land price was established. The spatial distributions of estimated coefficients and pseudo t-values of three major explanatory variables (floor area ratio, distance to nearest center business district (CBD) and distance to nearest lake), obtained from GWR analysis, indicated that their relationships of the impact factors with land price are spatially non-stationary. The positive impact of floor area ratio on land price is more significant in highly developed areas than in less developed areas. Conversely, the negative impact of distance to nearest CBD on land price is larger in highly developed areas than in less developed areas. Moreover, wealthier dwellers may be willing to pay a higher price for a good lake view (especially views of small lakes), but infrastructure barriers (near some large lakes) cause negative effect. The outputs of this study, which provide detailed information on the relationships between land price and impact factors in local areas, are promising for urban planners to scientifically evaluate land price and make area-specific strategies.
•Explored spatially non-stationary relationships of land price and impact factors.•Relationships between land price and impact factors vary over space.•GWR is effective in revealing the marginal prices of impact factors.•GWR is helpful to explaining the spatial variation of land price in Wuhan, China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The widespread eco-restoration of urban river (ERUR) plays a crucial role in realizing the value of ecological products, contributing to the achievement of the United Nations’ sixth Sustainable ...Development Goal, “Clean water and sanitation”. However, accurately evaluating the value of ecological products remains challenging due to their status as public resources. To address this issue, it is essential to assess the spillover value of ecological products, such as housing premiums, as a means to visualize their worth. This study aims to provide an accurate evaluation of the spillover value of ecological products resulting from the eco-restoration of three black-odorous rivers in Wuhan, China. The research utilizes a regression discontinuity design and analyzes data from 2563 secondhand housing transactions to assess the extent to which the ERUR contributes to the appreciation of housing prices. The regression analysis results indicate a significant increase in housing prices, and the robustness tests validate this finding. Therefore, it can be concluded that the eco-restoration efforts generated a spillover value for ecological products. Specifically, the eco-restoration of the three rivers led to an approximate 9%-10% rise in housing prices. Furthermore, the magnitude of the housing premium aligns with the outcomes of a public satisfaction survey, suggesting that the ERUR with the highest level of public satisfaction generated the greatest housing premium. The study demonstrates the value spillover effects of ecological products resulting from the eco-restoration of urban rivers, providing valuable insights for policymakers. These finding can aid in the improvement of ERUR policies, guide urban planning, and promote the provision if high-quality ecological products.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
5.
IR Spectroscopy of the Cesium Iodide–Water Complex Davies, Julia A; Mugglestone, Martin; Yang, Shengfu ...
The journal of physical chemistry. A, Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment, & general theory,
08/2020, Volume:
124, Issue:
32
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
There has been much interest in I–(H2O) as a simple model for a hydrated iodide ion. Here we explore how this fundamental ion–solvent interaction is modified by the presence of a counterion, ...specifically Cs+. This has been achieved by forming the CsI(H2O) complex in superfluid helium nanodroplets and then probing this system using infrared spectroscopy. The complex retains the ionic hydrogen bond between the I– and a water OH group seen in I–(H2O), but the Cs+ ion substantially alters the anion–water interaction through formation of a cyclic Cs+–O–H–I– bonding motif. As with I–(H2O), the OH stretching band derived from the hydrogen-bonded OH group shows substructure, splitting into a clear doublet. However, in contrast to I–(H2O), where a tunneling splitting arising from hydrogen atom exchange plays a role, the doublet we observe is attributed solely to an anharmonic vibrational coupling effect.
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We observed an unusual low polymerization temperature for the
ortho
-amide benzoxazine in comparison with its
para
-isomer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the ...intramolecular hydrogen bond between the oxazine ring and the adjacent amide softens the C–O bond, resulting in a reduced activation energy and thus a low ring-opening polymerization temperature. In addition, the polymerization kinetics of both
para
- and
ortho
-amide functional benzoxazines were investigated using the Starink method, which confirmed a relatively lower activation energy for the
ortho
-amide functional benzoxazine compared with its
para
-isomer. Our work suggests that softening chemical bonds by intramolecular hydrogen bonding may become a new strategy for the design of high-performance polybenzoxazine thermosets with low processing temperatures.
Graphical abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Direct preparation of long one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures with diameters <10 nm inside superfluid helium droplets is reported. Unlike conventional chemical synthetic techniques, where ...stabilizers, templates, or external fields are often required to induce 1D growth, here, we exploit the use of quantized vortices to guide the formation of ultrathin nanowires. A variety of elements have been added to the droplets to demonstrate that this is a general phenomenon, including Ni, Cr, Au, and Si. Control of the length and diameter of the nanowires is also demonstrated.
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A novel resveratrol-based bio-benzoxazine monomer (RES-al) containing an allyl group has been synthesized using resveratrol, allylamine, and paraformaldehyde via Mannich condensation reaction, and ...its chemical structures have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR techniques. The polymerization behavior of this benzoxazine resin has been investigated using in situ FT-IR and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements, and the thermal-mechanical properties of its corresponding polybenzoxazines are evaluated by DMA and TGA. We show that by controlling the curing process of the oxazine ring, the C=C bond in resveratrol, and the allyl group in RES-al, the cross-linking network of the polybenzoxazine can be manipulated, giving rise to tunable performance of thermosets. As all curable functionalities in RES-al are polymerized, the resulted polybenzoxazine exhibits a good thermal stability with a
temperature of 313 °C, a T
value of 352 °C, and char yield of 53% at 800 °C under N
.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and ...sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Protonated carboxylic acids, (RCOOH)H+, are the initial intermediates in acid-catalyzed (Fischer) esterification reactions. However, the identity of the isomeric form has been debated. Surprisingly, ...no optical spectra have been reported for any isomer of the protonated carboxylic acid monomer, despite it being a fundamental organic cation. Here, we address these issues by using a new approach to prepare cold He-tagged cations of protonated acetic acid (AA), which entails electron ionization of helium nanodroplets containing metastable dimers of AA. The protonated species is subsequently probed using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy, and following a comparison with calculations, we identify the two isomers whose roles in Fischer esterification are debated. These are the carbonyl-protonated E,Z isomer and the metastable hydroxyl-protonated isomer. Our technique provides a novel approach that can be applied to other elusive ionic species.
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