A novel line of research suggests that eating at nighttime may have several metabolic consequences that are highly relevant to breast cancer. We investigated the association between nighttime eating ...habits after 10 p.m. and breast cancer in Hong Kong women.
A hospital-based case-control study was conducted during 2012-2015. A total of 922 patients with incident breast cancer (cases) and 913 hospital controls were recruited and interviewed using a standard questionnaire including information on eating behavior during both daytime and nighttime. We collected the timing, duration, types and frequencies of food intake of eating at nighttime. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of breast cancer in relation to nighttime eating-related variables were calculated by unconditional multivariable logistic regression.
Eating at night after 10 pm was significantly associated with breast cancer with an adjusted OR of 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.12, P = 0.02), and the associations were stronger in women who had the longest duration of nighttime eating (≥20 years) (adjusted OR = 2.28 (95% CI 1.13-4.61, P = 0.02) and who ate late (midnight to 2 a.m.) (adjusted OR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.01-6.99, P = 0.04). Interestingly, nighttime eating was only associated with breast cancer among women who consumed staple foods (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.42-3.29, P < 0.001) but not those who ate vegetables or fruits as nighttime meals. The significant association between nighttime eating and breast cancer was observed among women with body mass index (BMI) <25 (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.48-3.52, P < 0.001) but not among women with BMI ≥25.
Results from this study suggest a possible association between nighttime eating behavior and breast cancer. These findings need to be confirmed by independent large studies.
A study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) families with two or more affected members was conducted in Taiwan (265 families
with 2,444 individuals, 502 affected and 1,942 unaffected) to determine the ...association between NPC and potential etiologic
factors in NPC high-risk families. Similar to results from a previous case-control study in Taiwan, Guangdong salted fish
consumption during childhood, exposure to wood, and betel nut consumption were all associated with elevated NPC risk using
conditional logistic regression, although these associations were not as strong as in the case-control study possibly due
to shared environment among family members. Risk associated with cumulative wood exposure and salted fish consumption before
age 10 was stronger in families with early NPC age-onset odds ratio (OR wood ), 5.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.50-17.34; OR fish , 3.94; 95% CI, 1.47-10.55 or three or more affected members (OR wood , 4.41; 95% CI, 1.58-12.30; OR fish , 4.27; 95% CI, 1.10-16.47). In contrast, a tendency for elevated risk was noted for betel nut use in late age-onset families
(OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.16-5.13) and the CYP2E1 c2 allele in families with less than three affected members (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.04-3.35). Risk estimates associated with these
exposures were similar when the analyses were restricted to EBV-seropositive subjects. To better adjust for degree of relationship
among family members and residual genetic correlations, we also calculated ORs using a variance components model. The results
from the two methods were similar indicating that the risk estimates from conditional logistic regression were unbiased.
Objective Clarifying age-specific female breast cancer risks and interactions may provide important etiologic clues. Method Using a population-based case-control study in Poland (2000-2003) of 2,386 ...incident breast cancer cases and 2,502 control subjects aged 25-74 years, we estimated age-specific breast cancer incidence rates according to risk factors. Results Breast cancer risks were elevated among women with positive family history (FH), younger age at menarche, older age at first full-term birth, nulliparity, exogenous hormonal usage, and reduced physical activity (PA). Notwithstanding overall risks, we observed statistically significant quantitative (non-crossover) and qualitative (crossover) age interactions for all risk factors except for FH and PA. For example, nulliparity compared to parity reduced breast cancer risk among women ages 25-39 years then rates crossed or reversed, after which nulliparity increased relative risks among women ages 40-74 years. Conclusion Though quantitative age interactions could be expected, qualitative interactions were somewhat counterintuitive. If confirmed in other populations, qualitative interactions for a continuous covariate such as age will be difficult to reconcile in a sequential (multistep or monolithic) 'stochastic' breast cancer model. Alternatively, the reversal of relative risks among younger and older women suggests subgroup heterogeneity with different etiologic mechanisms for early-onset and late-onset breast cancer types.
The role of family history to the risk of breast cancer was analyzed by incorporating menopausal status in Hong Kong Chinese women, with a particular respect to the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) ...type.
Seven hundred and forty seven breast cancer incident cases and 781 hospital controls who had completed information on family cancer history in first-degree relatives (nature father, mother, and siblings) were recruited. Odds ratio for breast cancer were calculated by unconditional multiple logistic regression, stratified by menopausal status (a surrogate of endogenous female sex hormone level and age) and type of relative affected with the disease. Further subgroup analysis by tumor type according to ER status was investigated.
Altogether 52 (6.96%) breast cancer cases and 23 (2.95%) controls was found that the patients' one or more first-degree relatives had a history of breast cancer, showing an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.41 (95%CI: 1.45-4.02). An excess risk of breast cancer was restricted to the ER+ tumor (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.38-4.28), with a relatively higher risk associated with an affected mother (OR = 3.97, 95%CI: 1.46-10.79) than an affected sister (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.07-3.97), while the relative risk was more prominent in the subgroup of pre-menopausal women. Compared with the breast cancer overall, the familial risks to the ER+ tumor increased progressively with the number of affected first-degree relatives.
This study provides new insights on a relationship between family breast cancer history, menopausal status, and the ER+ breast cancer. A separate risk prediction model for ER+ tumor in Asian population is desired.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract An association between specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA) alleles and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been reported for sporadic NPC, but studies of familial NPC are lacking. We ...evaluated this association with familial NPC in a study of 301 NPC cases and 1010 family and community controls from Taiwan. Class I HLA alleles were characterized using a sequence-based typing protocol. Allele frequencies between case and control groups were compared by χ2 or exact tests. For alleles associated with NPC, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Similar allelic frequency distribution and HLA associations were found as those previously reported for sporadic NPC: protective effect for HLA-A*1101 and increased risk for HLA-A*0207, HLA-A*3303, HLA-B*3802, and HLA-B*5801. Overall, the magnitude of observed associations was weakest when cases were compared with sibling controls and strongest when compared with unrelated community controls. Evaluating the joint effect of HLA-A*0207 and HLA-B*4601, individuals who were carriers of HLA-A*0207 with or without the presence of HLA-B*4601 had a 1.9-fold (95% CI = 1.0–3.4) and 2.1-fold (95% CI = 0.83–5.3) risk of NPC, respectively. Conversely, carriers of HLA-B*4601 in the absence of HLA-A*0207 had a 50% reduction in NPC risk (95% CI = 0.27–0.93). Comparable findings from our family study and those from previous sporadic studies were found with the notable exception of a lack of positive association between HLA-B*4601 and familial NPC in the absence of HLA-A*0207. This finding requires replication in larger studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP1B1 (Ex2+143 C>G, Ex2+356 G>T, Ex3+251 G>C, Ex3+315 A>G) cause amino acid changes (R48G, A119S, L432V and N453S, respectively) and are associated ...with increased formation of catechol estrogens; however, epidemiologic evidence only weakly supports an association between these variants and breast cancer risk. Because genetic variability conferring increased susceptibility could exist beyond these putative functional variants, we comprehensively examined the common genetic variability within CYP1B1. A total of eight haplotype-tagging (ht)SNPs (including Ex3+315 A>G), in addition to two putatively functional SNPs (Ex2+143 C>G and Ex3+251 G>C), were selected and genotyped in a large case–control study of Polish women (1995 cases and 2296 controls). Haplotypes were estimated using the expectation-maximization algorithm, and overall differences in the haplotype distribution between cases and controls were assessed using a global score test. We also evaluated levels of tumor CYP1B1 protein expression in a subset of 841 cases by immunohistochemistry, and their association with genetic variants. In the Polish population, we observed two linkage disequilibrium (LD)-defined blocks. Neither haplotypes (global P-value of 0.99 and 0.67 for each block of LD, respectively), nor individual SNPs (including three putatively functional SNPs) were associated with breast cancer risk. CYP1B1 was expressed in most tumor tissues (98%), and the level of expression was not related to the studied genetic variants. We found little evidence for modification of the estimated effect of haplotypes or individual SNPs by age, family history of breast cancer, or tumor hormone receptor status. The present study provides strong evidence against the existence of a substantial overall association between common genetic variation in CYP1B1 and breast cancer risk.
Highlights • Tea or green tea drinking was not associated with overall breast cancer risk. • Tea consumption may have dual effect on breast cancer risk by menopausal status. • The effect of tea on ...breast cancer risk may also vary by onset of tea drinking. • Tea-breast cancer association may be modified by hormone receptor expression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
The immune landscape of breast cancer (BC) in patients from Sub Saharan Africa is understudied. Our aims were to describe the distribution of Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) within ...the intratumoural stroma (sTILs) and the leading/invasive edge stroma (LE-TILs), and to evaluate TILs across BC subtypes with established risk factors and clinical characteristics in Kenyan women.
Methods
Visual quantification of sTILs and LE-TILs were performed on Haematoxylin and eosin -stained pathologically confirmed BC cases based on the International TIL working group guidelines. Tissue Microarrays were constructed and stained with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, and FOXP3.
Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between risk factors and tumour features with IHC markers and total TILs, after adjusting for other covariates.
Results
A total of 226 invasive BC cases were included. Overall, LE-TIL (mean = 27.9, SD = 24.5) proportions were significantly higher than sTIL (mean = 13.5, SD = 15.8). Both sTILs and LE- TILs were predominantly composed of CD3, CD8, and CD68. We found higher TILs to be associated with high KI67/high grade and aggressive tumour subtypes, although these associations varied by TIL locations. Older age at menarche (≥ 15 vs. < 15 years) was associated with higher CD3 (OR: 2.06, 95%CI:1.26–3.37), but only for the intra-tumour stroma.
Conclusion
The TIL enrichment in more aggressive BCs is similar to previously published data in other populations. The distinct associations of sTIL/LE-TIL measures with most examined factors highlight the importance of spatial TIL evaluations in future studies.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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