Brain organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of brain development and related diseases. However, the lack of vasculatures, which regulate neurogenesis and brain disorders, limits the ...utility of brain organoids. In this study, we induced vessel and brain organoids respectively, and then fused two types of organoids together to obtain vascularized brain organoids. The fused brain organoids were engrafted with robust vascular network-like structures, and exhibited increased number of neural progenitors, in line with the possibility that vessels regulate neural development. Fusion organoids also contained functional blood-brain-barrier (BBB)-like structures, as well as microglial cells, a specific population of immune cells in the brain. The incorporated microglia responded actively to immune stimuli to the fused brain organoids and showed ability of engulfing synapses. Thus, the fusion organoids established in this study allow modeling interactions between the neuronal and non-neuronal components
, in particular the vasculature and microglia niche.
A multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) molecule with a fused, planar architecture tends to aggregate at high doping ratios, resulting in broad full width at half ...maximum (FWHM), redshifting electroluminescence peaks, and low device efficiency. Herein, we propose a mono‐substituted design strategy by introducing spiro‐9,9′‐bifluorene (SBF) units with different substituted sites into the MR‐TADF system for the first time. As a classic steric group, SBF can hinder interchromophore interactions, leading to high device efficiency (32.2–35.9 %) and narrow‐band emission (≈27 nm). Particularly, the shield‐like molecule, SF1BN, seldom exhibits a broadened FWHM as the doping ratio rises, which differs from the C3‐substituted isomer and unhindered parent emitter. These results manifest an effective method for constructing highly efficient MR‐TADF emitters through a spiro strategy and elucidate the feasibility for steric modulation of the spiro structure in π‐framework.
By incorporating a three‐dimensional spiro unit into multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters, the device efficiency is increased to nearly 1.5 times that of the unhindered emitter. Notably, the linkage pattern with spatial interaction and hindrance can maintain the narrow FWHM and curb unfavorable redshifts at a high doping ratio.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Biological processes (like microbial growth & physiological response) are usually dynamic and require the monitoring of metabolic variation at different time-points. Moreover, there is clear ...shift from case-control (N=2) study to multi-class (N>2) problem in current metabolomics, which is crucial for revealing the mechanisms underlying certain physiological process, disease metastasis, etc. These time-course and multi-class metabolomics have attracted great attention, and data normalization is essential for removing unwanted biological/experimental variations in these studies. However, no tool (including NOREVA 1.0 focusing only on case-control studies) is available for effectively assessing the performance of normalization method on time-course/multi-class metabolomic data. Thus, NOREVA was updated to version 2.0 by (i) realizing normalization and evaluation of both time-course and multi-class metabolomic data, (ii) integrating 144 normalization methods of a recently proposed combination strategy and (iii) identifying the well-performing methods by comprehensively assessing the largest set of normalizations (168 in total, significantly larger than those 24 in NOREVA 1.0). The significance of this update was extensively validated by case studies on benchmark datasets. All in all, NOREVA 2.0 is distinguished for its capability in identifying well-performing normalization method(s) for time-course and multi-class metabolomics, which makes it an indispensable complement to other available tools. NOREVA can be accessed at https://idrblab.org/noreva/.
Macroscopic lossy foam has been expected to be the most promising candidate for lightweight high-performance microwave absorption (MA). However, inferior MA behaviors of conventional foams reported ...previously are disappointing. The emerging graphene foam (GF) has broken this paradoxical state of affairs. Here, series of GFs with various chemical compositions and physical structures have been prepared via a facile and controllable method and their MA performance is investigated in 2–18 GHz. The in-depth analyses of the GF’s composition, structure and MA property demonstrate that the MA performance of the GF is strongly correlated with the C/O ratio, conjugated carbon domain size and graphene framework’s microstructure. A maximum absorption value of −34.0 dB as well as 14.3 GHz qualified bandwidth with reflection loss below −10 dB is achieved for the GF with an ultralow bulk density of 1.6 mg/cm3, of which the average absorption intensity and the specific MA efficiency are much higher than those of the best available MA materials in previous literature. The composition & structure–performance relationship of MA foams is revealed. The balance between small interfacial impedance gap and high loss characteristic has wide implications in improving the MA performance of the GF and other porous materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Conformational engineering is essential to further reinforce the luminescent properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials featuring through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) ...characteristics. Herein, two TSCT‐TADF emitters (8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B) with the methyl and fluorine moieties substituted at the C8 site of the rigid spiro‐fluorene bridge is reported. Derivation of the C8 site is first proposed to control the molecular configuration with the ability to indirectly tune the intramolecular interaction between donor and acceptor groups. As a result, 8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B both present small singlet‐triplet energy gaps, fast reverse intersystem crossing rates, and high photoluminescence quantum yields. Interestingly, the smaller fluorine atom not the bigger methyl group exhibits more evident electrostatic repulsive force onto the central donor and thus rectifies the central spiro structure. Consequently, the high external quantum efficiency values of 28.8% and 31.7% for 8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B‐based electroluminescence devices are achieved, respectively. This study offers a measure for enhancing TSCT‐TADF emitters without directly modifying the donor or acceptor.
Two emitters, 8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B, have been synthesized with a methyl or fluorine group at the C8 site of the fluorene holder. Both emitters exhibit excellent performance in photoluminescence and electroluminescence, it is believed that this is a fine‐tuning method for TSCT‐TADF emitters based on another spatially neighboring position without directly modifying donor/acceptor segments.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Bone tissue engineering commonly encompasses the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the propagation of cells to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. ...3D printing technology has been extensively applied to allow direct 3D scaffolds manufacturing. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been widely used in the fabrication of 3D scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering due to its advantages such as good biocompatibility, slow degradation rate, the less acidic breakdown products in comparison to other polyesters, and the potential for loadbearing applications. PCL can be blended with a variety of polymers and hydrogels to improve its properties or to introduce new PCL-based composites. This paper describes the PCL used in developing state of the art of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of the 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of PCL-based composite scaffolds and recent studies on applications in different clinical situations. For instance, PCL-based composite scaffolds were used as an implant surgical guide in dental treatment. Furthermore, future trend and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We assessed the influence of the Fukushima nuclear accident (FNA) on the Chinese public’s attitude and acceptance of nuclear power plants in China. Two surveys (before and after the FNA) were ...administered to separate subsamples of residents near the Tianwan nuclear power plant in Lianyungang, China. A structural equation model was constructed to describe the public acceptance of nuclear power and four risk perception factors: knowledge, perceived risk, benefit, and trust. Regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between acceptance of nuclear power and the risk perception factors while controlling for demographic variables. Meanwhile, we assessed the median public acceptable frequencies for three levels of nuclear events. The FNA had a significant impact on risk perception of the Chinese public, especially on the factor of perceived risk, which increased from limited risk to great risk. Public acceptance of nuclear power decreased significantly after the FNA. The most sensitive groups include females, those not in public service, those with lower income, and those living close to the Tianwan nuclear power plant. Fifty percent of the survey respondents considered it acceptable to have a nuclear anomaly no more than once in 50 y. For nuclear incidents and serious incidents, the frequencies are once in 100 y and 150 y, respectively. The change in risk perception and acceptance may be attributed to the FNA. Decreased acceptance of nuclear power after the FNA among the Chinese public creates additional obstacles to further development of nuclear power in China and require effective communication strategies.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We aimed to assess whether blood glucose control can be used as predictors for the severity of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and to improve the management of diabetic patients with COVID‐19. A ...two‐center cohort with a total of 241 confirmed cases of COVID‐19 with definite outcomes was studied. After the diagnosis of COVID‐19, the clinical data and laboratory results were collected, the fasting blood glucose levels were followed up at initial, middle stage of admission and discharge, the severity of the COVID‐19 was assessed at any time from admission to discharge. Hyperglycemia patients with COVID‐19 were divided into three groups: good blood glucose control, fair blood glucose control, and blood glucose deterioration. The relationship of blood glucose levels, blood glucose control status, and severe COVID‐19 were analyzed by univariate and multivariable regression analysis. In our cohort, 21.16% were severe cases and 78.84% were nonsevere cases. Admission hyperglycemia (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.938; 95% confidence interval 95% CI, 1.387–2.707), mid‐term hyperglycemia (aOR, 1.758; 95% CI, 1.325–2.332), and blood glucose deterioration (aOR, 22.783; 95% CI, 2.661–195.071) were identified as the risk factors of severe COVID‐19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, reaching an area under ROC curve of 0.806, and a sensitivity and specificity of 80.40% and 68.40%, respectively, revealed that hyperglycemia on admission and blood glucose deterioration of diabetic patients are potential predictive factors for severe COVID‐19. Our results indicated that admission hyperglycemia and blood glucose deterioration were positively correlated with the risk factor for severe COVID‐19, and deterioration of blood glucose may be more likely to the occurrence of severe illness in COVID‐19.
Highlights
High fasting blood glucose level, especially the initial level at admission was an important risk factor for severe cases.
Deterioration of blood glucose may be more likely to the occurrence of severe 2019 coronavirus disease.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Total factor productivity changes and annual growth rates of sustainable development 31 regions in Mainland China from 2015 to 2018.•Technology efficiency and scale efficiency of e-agricultural ...infrastructure of 31 regions in Mainland China from 2015 to 2018.•Suggestions to enhance the management of electronic agriculture and protect the environment.
With the rapid development of the Internet and telecommunication systems, the electronic agricultural infrastructure has been continuously improved. This paper analyzes the regional differences and dynamic evolution of agricultural sustainable development and efficiency in 31 regions of Mainland China. The research is based on a data envelopment analysis-Malmquist productivity index model. The paper puts forward suggestions to help enhance the management of electronic agriculture and keep a balance between societal development and environmental protection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In contrast to solid parts fabricated through conventional injection molding (CIM), foamed parts manufactured via foam injection molding (FIM) exhibit substantial variations in mechanical properties, ...which are attributed to differences in the cellular structure. In this study, parts with different cellular structures are fabricated via FIM, during which the gas dissolution and desorption processes are controlled by subjecting the gas‐laden melt to reciprocating compression and expansion operations. The results suggest that the cell density can be drastically improved by rapidly decreasing the pressure caused by the mold opening and that the cell orientation obviously occurs in the direction perpendicular to the mold‐opening direction. Moreover, the cell density and cellular orientation can be adjusted by utilizing appropriate mold opening and closing operations, leading to improvements in the resultant ultimate mechanical properties. In particular, the foamed samples fabricated with controlled mold opening‐closing operations exhibit excellent tensile strength and strain‐at‐break, indicating that samples containing a high density of cells oriented along the tensile test direction facilitate the formation of superductility and an increase in tensile strength. Hence, a method that combines FIM with batch foaming has been proposed for improving the cellular structure and controlling the cellular orientation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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