Compressive beamforming is a powerful approach for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and strength quantification of acoustic sources. The conventional grid-based discrete compressive ...beamformer suffers from the basis mismatch conundrum. Its result degrades under the situation that sources fall off the grid. The existing continuous compressive beamformer with linear or planar microphone arrays can circumvent the conundrum, but work well only for sources in a local region. Here we develop a panoramic continuous compressive beamformer with cuboid microphone arrays based on an atomic norm minimization (ANM) and a matrix pencil and paring method. To solve the positive semidefinite programming equivalent to the ANM efficiently, we formulate a solving algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. We also present an iterative reweighted ANM to enhance sparsity and resolution. The beamformer is capable of estimating the DOAs and quantifying the strengths of acoustic sources panoramically and accurately, whether a standard uniform or a sparse cuboid microphone array is utilized.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
Non-invasive methods for hemoglobin (Hb) monitoring can provide additional and relatively precise information between invasive measurements of Hb to help doctors' decision-making. We aimed ...to develop a new method for Hb monitoring based on mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 with eye images as input.
Methods
Surgical patients from our center were enrolled. After image acquisition and pre-processing, the eye images, the manually selected palpebral conjunctiva, and features extracted, respectively, from the two kinds of images were used as inputs. A combination of feature engineering and regression, solely MobileNetV3, and a combination of mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 were applied for model development. The model's performance was evaluated using metrics such as R
2
, explained variance score (EVS), and mean absolute error (MAE).
Results
A total of 1,065 original images were analyzed. The model's performance based on the combination of mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 using the eye images achieved an R
2
, EVS, and MAE of 0.503 (95% CI, 0.499–0.507), 0.518 (95% CI, 0.515–0.522) and 1.6 g/dL (95% CI, 1.6–1.6 g/dL), which was similar to that based on MobileNetV3 using the manually selected palpebral conjunctiva images (R
2
: 0.509, EVS:0.516, MAE:1.6 g/dL).
Conclusion
We developed a new and automatic method for Hb monitoring to help medical staffs' decision-making with high efficiency, especially in cases of disaster rescue, casualty transport, and so on.
We present a framework for fast synthesizing indoor scenes, given a room geometry and a list of objects with learnt priors. Unlike existing data-driven solutions, which often learn priors by ...co-occurrence analysis and statistical model fitting, our method measures the strengths of spatial relations by tests for complete spatial randomness (CSR), and learns discrete priors based on samples with the ability to accurately represent exact layout patterns. With the learnt priors, our method achieves both acceleration and plausibility by partitioning the input objects into disjoint groups, followed by layout optimization using position-based dynamics (PBD) based on the Hausdorff metric. Experiments show that our framework is capable of measuring more reasonable relations among objects and simultaneously generating varied arrangements in seconds compared with the state-of-the-art works.
Investigation of chirality in on-surface synthesis is of significance not only for fabricating atomically precise covalently bonded chiral species but also for unveiling chiral phenomena involving ...chemical reactions. In this contribution, we present the growth of single-layered homochiral 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on surfaces based on a steric hindrance strategy, by which both the chiral expression of the prochiral precursor and the newly formed CN bonds are successfully steered. When coupling a tritopic monomer with the prochiral ditopic molecule with phenyl substituents, two enantiomers of the precursor are randomly integrated in the product via variable CN linkages, resulting in distorted hexagonal frameworks without chiral expression. After equipping the prochiral precursor with more hindered bulky substituents, highly regular homochiral 2D COFs are fabricated, in which only one of the enantiomers of the prochiral precursor is integrated, and all CN linkages possess the same configuration. Structural analysis based on high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images and theoretical simulations indicate that the homochiral 2D COFs are generated through an enantioselective on-surface polymerization driven by the steric hindrance effect. This result not only benefits understanding and controlling chirality in on-surface synthesis but also provides a new approach for the growth of highly regular COFs on surfaces.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Li–CO2 batteries provide the possibility for synchronous implementation of carbon neutrality and development of advanced energy storage devices. Catalytic cathodes composed of well‐designed ...conductive substrates and active materials are critical to the improvement of Li–CO2 batteries. Herein, MnOx‐CeO2 hollow nanospheres are strung together by conductive polypyrrole (PPy) via post‐in‐situ polymerization, and a necklace‐like MnOx‐CeO2@PPy hierarchical cathode with excellent flexibility and self‐supporting feature is constructed. Benefitting from the excellent conductivity of PPy, the binder‐free structure, and the greatly exposed catalytic active sites, the MnOx‐CeO2@PPy based Li–CO2 batteries exhibit superior discharge capacity (13631 mA h g–1 at 100 mA g–1) and cycle performance (253 cycles) as well as a low overpotential of 1.49 V. Of particular note, the flexible freestanding film is confirmed as a potential catalytic cathode for flexible Li–CO2 batteries. The density functional theory calculations, combined with experimental tests, are performed to gain insights into the enhanced substrate adsorption capacity, the optimized electronic structure of the active surface MnOx‐CeO2 (111), the concentrated electrons on the reaction sites Ce, and the electrochemical mechanism. This work initiates the use of conductive polymers for catalytic cathodes in Li–CO2 batteries, which provide new opportunities for promoting the performance of various energy storage devices.
A MnOx‐CeO2 hollow nanosphere is strung together by conductive polypyrrole (PPy) via post‐in‐situ polymerization, and a necklace‐like MnOx‐CeO2@PPy hierarchical cathode with self‐supporting feature is constructed for advanced and flexible Li–CO2 batteries. The related electrochemical mechanism is discussed by combining density functional theory calculations with experimental tests in detail.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Direct synthesis of aromatics from syngas is a great challenge because of severe operating conditions and low yield of aromatics. Making this process more competitive than the MTA (methanol to ...aromatics) process will require high energy efficiency and low CO2 emission. A combination of Na-Zn-Fe5C2 and hierarchical HZSM-5 with uniform mesopores dramatically changed the product distribution of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, leading to 51% aromatic selectivity under the stable stage with CO conversion >85%. C12+ heavy hydrocarbons almost disappeared, and the catalyst showed good stability. The hierarchical zeolitic structure and Brønsted acidity of HZSM-5 could be precisely tuned by controlling the alkali treatment conditions and the degree of ion exchange. The appropriate density and strength of the Brønsted acid sites and the hierarchical pore structure of HZSM-5 endowed the catalyst with an unprecedented aromatic yield. This work shows a broad area for development for syngas conversion.
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•An unprecedented aromatic yield via direct syngas conversion is obtained•The aromatic selectivity is dependent on the acidity and porous structure of HZSM-5•The pivotal role of the density and strength of acid sites is discussed
The depletion of petroleum reserves threatens economic development and regional stability nowadays. Building an alternative route for fuel and chemical production has become a focused research topic in recent years. Although conversion of syngas to fuels by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process has been industrialized in various countries, expanding its products to value-added chemicals is still a great challenge. Aromatics are very important feedstock; they are used as blending mixtures for gasoline with a high octane number in some countries and are the most important molecular platform for the polymer industry. With the fast development of the polymer industry, the gap between supply and demand calls for a new strategy for the synthesis of aromatics. We have established an intriguing process that directly converts syngas to aromatics on the basis of a physical mixture of a highly effective FTS catalyst and zeolite, which shows enormous potential in comparison with the traditional multiple-step pathway.
Aromatics, the basic chemicals, could be produced from syngas (CO/H2) directly over a physical mixture of a highly effective FTS catalyst, Na-Zn-Fe5C2, and HZSM-5 zeolite. The Na-Zn-Fe5C2 component was highly selective toward olefins; the appropriate density and strength of the Brønsted acid sites and the hierarchical pore structure of the HZSM-5 component converted the formed olefins and endowed the tandem catalyst with an unprecedented aromatic yield.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, a family of modified Korteweg-de Vries equations within local fractional derivative are constructed, and their non-differentiable solutions are dis-cussed by using several methods.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Low-temperature curable negative-tone photosensitive polyimide (n-LTPI) viscous solutions were prepared by dissolving photo-crosslinkable poly (amic ester) (pc-PAE) resin, photophotocrosslinker, ...photoinitiator, and the heteroaromatic base as curing catalysts, and other additives in organic solvents. Among them, the pc-PAE resin was synthesized by polycondensation of aromatic diacid chloride and diester of 2-ethoxymathacrylate, aromatic diamines in aprotic solvents. After being spun-coated on a silicon wafer surface, soft-baked, exposed to UV light, and developed, the n-LTPI with 2% of imidazole (IMZ) as a curing catalyst produced high-quality photo-patterns with line via resolution of 5 μm at 5 μm film thickness. The photo-patterned polymer films thermally cured at 230 °C/2 h in nitrogen showed 100% of the imidization degree (ID) determined by in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The thermally cured polymer films exhibited great combined mechanical and thermal properties, including mechanical properties with tensile strength of as high as 189.0 MPa, tensile modulus of 3.7 GP, and elongation at breakage of 59.2%, as well as glass transition temperature of 282.0 °C, showing great potential in advanced microelectronic packaging applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Isatuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the transmembrane receptor and ectoenzyme CD38, a protein highly expressed on hematological malignant cells, including those in multiple myeloma (MM). ...Upon binding to CD38-expressing MM cells, isatuximab is thought to induce tumor cell killing via fragment crystallizable (Fc)-dependent mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), as well as via direct Fc-independent mechanisms. Here, these mechanisms of action were investigated in MM and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines, as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from healthy donors, and in MM patient-derived samples. Our findings show that isatuximab-mediated cytotoxicity occurred primarily via ADCC and ADCP in MM cell lines and via ADCC and apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines expressing high levels of CD38. We identified the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway and MM cell-secreted transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) as tumor cell-related features that could suppress CD38-mediated ADCC. Furthermore, we established that isatuximab can directly activate natural killer (NK) cells and promote NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via crosslinking of CD38 and CD16. Finally, isatuximab-induced CDC was observed in cell lines with high CD38 receptor density (>250,000 molecules/cell) and limited expression of inhibitory complement regulatory proteins (CD46, CD55, and CD59; <50,000 molecules/cell). Taken together, our findings highlight mechanistic insights for isatuximab and provide support for a range of combination therapy approaches that could be tested for isatuximab in the future.
Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is essential for maintaining the function and stability of anaerobic microbial consortia. However, only limited natural DIET modes have been identified ...and DIET engineering remains highly challenging. In this study, an unnatural DIET between Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 (SO, electron donating partner) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RP, electron accepting partner) was artificially established by a facile living cell‐cell click chemistry strategy. By introducing alkyne‐ or azide‐modified monosaccharides onto the cell outer surface of the target species, precise covalent connections between different species in high proximity were realized through a fast click chemistry reaction. Remarkably, upon covalent connection, outer cell surface C‐type cytochromes mediated DIET between SO and RP was achieved and identified, although this was never realized naturally. Moreover, this connection directly shifted the natural H2 mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET) to DIET between SO and RP, which delivered superior interspecies electron exchange efficiency. Therefore, this work demonstrated a naturally unachievable DIET and an unprecedented MIET shift to DIET accomplished by cell‐cell distance engineering, offering an efficient and versatile solution for DIET engineering, which extends our understanding of DIET and opens up new avenues for DIET exploration and applications.
Seamless connection between different bacterial species was achieved by living cell‐cell click chemistry, enabling the establishment of an unnatural C‐type cytochrome based direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathway. The process resulted in an unprecedented interspecies electron transfer pathway shift for highly efficient interspecies electron exchange and opens up new avenues for DIET exploration, understanding, and engineering.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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