IntroductionDisinfecting gloves during patient care has potential benefits and risks. In recent years, disinfection of disposable medical gloves for prolonged use has occurred in clinical practice. ...However, there is limited high-level evidence to know if this practice can prevent nosocomial infections, reduce microbial levels on the glove surface. This concept was researched using a scoping review to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of disinfecting disposable gloves for prolonged use.Methods and analysisThe review will be conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review methodology framework. From the date of database construction to 10 February 2023, the following 16 electronic databases in English and Chinese will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, SinoMed Database, Google Scholar, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO, China CDC, International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium and European Medicines Agency Science Medicines Health. The screening and data extraction of the study will be carried out by two reviewers (KL and SH). Differences between the two reviewers will be handled through negotiation. If there are still differences, they will be discussed with a third reviewer. Any study, for example, intervention study or observational study, that provide insights about the disinfection of disposable medical gloves for prolonged use will be included. Data charts will be used to extract relevant data from the included studies. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, to define the scope of evaluation. A narrative summary will be completed to synthesise key research findings and background information on the disinfection of gloved hands.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required because only publicly available data will be analysed. The findings from the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings. By highlighting the feasibility and effectiveness of the disinfection of gloved hands in the literature, this review will provide direction for future research and clinical guidelines.Trial registration numberThis scoping review protocol has been registered in the Open Science Framework (registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/M4U8N).
The removal of inhalable particles less than 2.5μm in diameter, generated from coal combustion plants, presents a serious challenge in air pollution abatement. These particles can penetrate deep into ...the lungs and are difficult to remove by cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and other conventional separation devices. This work studies the combination of acoustic fields and gas–solid jet action on inhalable particle agglomeration. SEM images of aerosols with and without the combined fields demonstrate that the inhalable particles are removed by the formation of large aggregates. The removal efficiency using these combined fields is up to 45.4%. The large particles entrained in the jet enhance the agglomeration of the inhalable particles. Furthermore, the inhalable particles have an optimum agglomeration size distribution at 1416Hz. For gas–solid jets, gas turbulence energy encourages particles to collide with acoustic wave excitation; combined fields are beneficial for commercial industrial applications. With increasing jet velocity, the removal efficiency initially increases and then decreases. Maximum removal efficiency occurs at a 25ms−1 jet velocity. The use of different relative humidities (RHs) permits highly efficient mass removal for particles smaller than 2μm or greater than 9μm in diameter.
Combined effects of acoustic field and gas–solid jet acting on inhalable particle agglomeration are studied. The mass removal efficiency of aerosol with and without combined field effect shows that the fine particles in aerosol are removed by forming large aggregates. Display omitted
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
With the increasing proportion of wind power integration, the effect on the stability of the system power angle cannot be ignored. In this paper, based on the different power characteristics of ...direct-drive wind generators before a fault and after its clearance, the system model of the receiving-end grid with thermal units replaced by wind turbines is simplified. The influence of the increase in the replacement ratio of wind power in the receiving-end grid on the transfer impedance between the sending end and receiving end is analyzed. Based on the equal area rule, the influence of the replacement ratio
k
within the receiving-end grid, power grid operation mode, and wind power integration point on the system power angle stability is analyzed. It is concluded that the stability of the system’s power angle will first get better and then deteriorate with the increase in the replacement ratio of wind power, the system can bear a larger proportion of wind turbines under the low-load operation mode, and the system’s power angle of the replacement of wind power with equal capacity in the load center region is relatively better. The aforementioned conclusions are verified by simulation with real data from a bulk power system in China. Therefore, the method and conclusion can also be used to study the power angle stability of other large-scale power grids.
As a potential accident-tolerant fuel cladding material, we studied the method of preparing FeCoNiCrMo coatings on zircaloy-4 substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) technology to explore the ...high-temperature oxidation behavior of the FeCoNiCrMo coatings at 1100 °C in high-temperature steam. Various surface analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the phase composition and microstructure of the oxidized products. The oxidation behavior of the FeCoNiCrMo coatings and the diffusion of the FeCoNiCrMo coatings to the zircaloy-4 substrates were analyzed. After oxidation at 1100 °C, a dense Cr2O3 oxide layer was formed on the coating’s surface, which grew from 1.5 to 3 μm after 15 to 60 min of oxidation, and the FeCoNiCrMo coatings and the substrates diffused simultaneously. The oxidation tests showed that the FeCoNiCrMo coatings prepared by APS can effectively delay the oxidation of zircaloy-4 substrates.
The dense and uniform Cr coating is successfully applied to the Zry-4 (zircaloy-4) substrate using multi-arc ion plating as an accident-tolerant fuel cladding. The isothermal oxidation behavior of ...the Cr-coated Zry-4 is investigated in air and steam at 1200 °C. The mass gain, microstructure evolution and phase composition of the Cr-coated Zry-4 after different oxidation times are compared. The mass gain of Cr-coated Zry-4 in air is higher than in steam. In air, the dense Cr2O3 layer consisted of bulk Cr2O3, while protruding flake Cr2O3 is found on the surface of the Cr coating in steam. The degradation process and oxidation failure mechanism of the Cr-coated Zry-4 in air and steam at 1200 °C are analyzed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Local governments are playing a key role in policy formulation and implementation because of the shifting tide during China’s marine economic expansion. This study employs all-encompassing ...methodologies, including policy quantification, policy networks, and topic modeling, to analyze 4241 marine economic policy texts from 11 coastal regions in China. It reveals the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of local government marine economic policies (LGMEPs). The main results show that: (1) Overall, since 1956, the number and power of LGMEPs have continued to grow and emerge in four stages: initiation, shallow exploration, rapid development, and optimized adjustment. Significant differences can be found in the marine economy policies among regions. Some eastern and southern regions revealed more quantity and power in their policies. (2) The number of institutions involved in marine economy policy formulation has been increasing, and complex and close joint issuance networks have been formed. Only the regions of Shanghai and Hainan formed coordinated joint issuance networks, while other regions lacked either core institutional leadership or collaborative institutional links. (3) Marine economy policy topics have shifted from traditional marine industry to safe operations, modern marine industries, and marine ecological environmental protection. The resource base and development goals of each region led to marked variations in marine economic policy topics. The findings here provide local governments with a reference for crafting marine economic strategies and policies.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The lithium battery energy storage system (LBESS) can provide short-term high power and long-term high energy for electromagnetic launch (EML) system through high-rate discharge. However, the ...high-rate discharge LBESS has the problems of output voltage drop and current low-frequency fluctuation in the high-voltage and high-power launch process. This paper introduces an energy storage system topology with N+1-level dynamic chopping (N+1-LDC) converter, which can realize dynamic compensation of output voltage. To promote the rapidity of output voltage compensation, an improved active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method by designing the variable gain (VG) control law with initial small gain is proposed to suppress the initial peak of total disturbance observation, thus improving the response speed of VG-ADRC controller. In order to decrease the DC current fluctuation, a nonlinear extended state observer (NESO) with a muti-cascade notch filter (MCNF) is designed to attenuate the low-frequency components in total disturbance observation, the reference current is adjusted in real-time, thereby greatly suppressing the fluctuation amplitude of output current. Moreover, the frequency analysis shows that the proposed method doesn't introduce the negative phase into the loop transfer function and affect the stability of the original system. Finally, a 10MW peak power pulsed discharge experi-mental platform was built to verify the effectiveness and prac-ticability of the proposed strategies.
Pt modified CoNiCrAl medium-entropy alloys were optimized to observe the hot corrosion performance. The results indicated that Pt solidly dissolved in the BCC phase, promoted the uphill diffusion of ...Al, compensated for the loss of Al caused by phase transformation, effectively repaired the oxide scale, and reduced cracks propagation and spalling of the oxide scale. Combined with DFT calculations, verifying that Pt increased the adsorption energy for S atoms, hindered the inward diffusion of S and suppressed internal sulfidation. 10Pt-MEA had a thinner internal oxidation and corrosion pit depth, which was related to the thickness of Al-depletion layer.
•Pt modified MEAs presented an outstanding hot corrosion performance.•Pt solid solution in BCC phase that promote to repair the oxide scale.•DFT calculation verified that Pt increased the adsorption energy for S atoms.•10Pt-MEA had a thinner internal oxidation layer as well as the corrosion pit depth.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted tremendous attentions due to their unique properties, and the development of phase control technique brings out new ...opportunities in emerging application fields. In this work, tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets containing 1T phase predominately were incorporated with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through a facial hydrothermal method. Two-dimensional flexible and ultrathin WS2 nanosheets were in-situ grown on one-dimensional SWCNTs bundles, further forming typical urchin-like microsphere with diameters distributing in the range of 2–3 μm uniformly. Accordingly, dielectric loss could be significantly enhanced due to the strong interface coupling effect between WS2 nanosheets and SWCNTs bundles, which induced considerable electrical conductivity and abundant capacitor-like structures. Consequently, the minimum reflection loss (RL) could reach up to −66 dB at 8.3 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.2 mm. Furthermore, RL values lower than −10 dB could be attained in the range of 3.0–18.0 GHz with integrated thicknesses from 5.0 to 1.0 mm. Prospectively, our present work may provide new opportunity to design TMDs based composites by means of crystal phase control technique as lightweight and high-performance microwave absorbers.
•A novel urchin-like binary metallic 1T-WS2/SWCNTs hybrid composites are designed and synthesized.•The dielectric properties are regulable and significantly improved attributing to binary components and designed structure.•The minimum RL value can reach up to -66 dB and the effective bandwidths are tunable in the range of 3.0∼18.0 GHz.•A variety of TMDs based composites as high-performance absorbers can be designed and prepared through our technical route.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Four novel coumarin derivatives with different substituents (CMCO-H, CMCO-F, CMCO-CH3 and CMCO-CF3) functionalized by carbonyl unit were designed and synthesized. The relationship between spatial ...structure and photophysical properties of these coumarin compounds in different states had been systematically studied. In the single molecule state, with the increase of solvent polarities, the fluorescent peaks exhibited obvious solvatochromic effect, accompanied by a decrease in intensity. The significant solvatochromism effect suggested that these four coumarin derivatives both are typical intramolecular charge transfer molecules. The density functional theory calculation results showed that the electron clouds were transferred from coumarin unit and the connected aromatic ring to carbonyl and styrenyl groups. Meanwhile, compounds CMCO-CH3 and CMCO-CF3 exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromic (MFC) property between yellow and orange emission. The single crystal XRD, powder XRD and SEM experiment suggested that the modulation of photophysical properties come from the change of compounds spatial structures. The study provided an efficient way for the design of organic compounds with MFC property.
The coumarin derivatives exhibited solvatochromism effect and mechanofluorochromic properties due to the transformation of stacking patterns. Display omitted
•Four novel coumarin derivatives functionalized by carbonyl unit were designed and synthesized.•These coumarin derivatives both displayed a significant solvatochromism effect.•Compounds CMCO-CH3 and CMCO-CF3 exhibited mechanofluorochromic property in solid state.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
