As there are not enough measurement instruments to assess emotions during epistemic activities, this research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the epistemic emotions scale among ...speakers of the Persian language. The scale has previously been used and studied in different cultural contexts. The present study sought to expand the application of this scale in the Iranian context. A total of 1153 students (58.6% women) within the age range of 17 to 29 years participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants were 21.63 and 2.24, respectively. The data collection tools in this study were the Epistemic Emotions Scale, the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, the Academic Buoyancy Scale, and the Academic Satisfaction Scale. CFA was performed to test the factorial structure (2 = 1895.96, df = 394, GFI = .86, CFI = .97, IFI = .97, NFI = .97, NNFI = .96, SRMR = .069, and RMSEA = .086) and its validity and reliability were also evaluated. The seven-factor model of the Epistemic Emotions Scale was the same as that of the original scale version, and the Epistemic Emotions Scale showed good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha for this scale ranging from .85 to .88.. The results showed that the EES scores also correlated in expected directions with measures of related constructs included in this study thus also supporting the external validity of this version of the scale. We can conclude that the Epistemic Emotions Scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring students' epistemic emotions, and as a result, researchers can use this tool for research purposes.
•Standard treatments for child anxiety show modest response and high relapse rates.•Ineffective emotion parenting and family accommodation contribute to child anxiety.•An intervention focused on both ...of these processes performed better than either alone.•Future work with large, diverse samples is needed to further test the intervention.
Past studies show that emotional socialization and family accommodation are involved in children's anxiety, but research has yet to investigate whether targeting emotional socialization training (EST), family accommodation modification (FAM), or EST and FAM in tandem can reduce anxiety in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of EST and FAM on improving emotion regulation (ER) and reducing anxiety symptoms in anxious children. The sample consisted of 80 children with an anxiety disorder (Mage = 6.7, SD = 0.1) and their mothers. Mothers were randomly assigned to an EST (n = 17), FAM (n = 16), Combined (n = 17), or a waitlist control (WLC) (n = 16) groups. Mothers completed The Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) at pre-test, post-test, and at 6-month of follow-up. The results showed that the EST, FAM, and Combined groups were more effective than WLC in improving ER and reducing anxiety severity at post-test and follow-up. Among the intervention groups, children in the combined group showed greater reductions in the severity of anxiety symptoms and emotion dysregulation than the other two groups. Assisting parents to use strategies that encourage healthy emotion regulation and decrease family accommodation might help reduce the severity of children's anxiety symptoms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to compare role of emotional intelligence in cognitive flexibility of children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants were 20 ...children (mean age = 10.25, SD = 2.12) with ADHD and 30 normal children (mean age = 10.96, SD = 1.32) that all of they were boy. All participants completed the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Schutte et al., 1998) and the classic Stroop test, as a measure of cognitive flexibility. ADHD children performed poorer on both measures than non-ADHD children. And emotional intelligence predictors of cognitive flexibility in two groups. Overall, in children with attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder there are low performance of emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility.
Background & Objective: Due to the lack of early diagnosis, it is unclear how the environmental stimulations in infancy would affect the underlying structures of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as ...well as the onset or severity of symptoms. The study aimed to investigate the effects of receiving pre-weaning environmental enrichment on the severity of ASD symptoms and the hippocampal level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model.
Materials & Methods: Male rats exposed to valproic acid (VPA) or normal saline (Sal) embryonally (E12.5) were randomly assigned to 4 environments: Standard (ST), pre-weaning environmental enrichment (PEE), secondary environmental enrichment (SEE) and PEE+SEE (EE). Behavioral tests were repeated at postnatal day (PND)30 and PND60, in the light phase with a blinded examiner. The BNDF level was determined at PND68.
Results: In VPA rats, receiving PEE, increased social interactions and decreased anxiety, pain sensitivity even in early adulthood. Also, it reduced repetitive behavior but with no significant differences. The BDNF level in VPA-PEE and VPA-SEE was lower than VPA-ST, VPA-EE and saline groups. The biggest improvement in symptom severity was seen in EE.
Conclusion: Reduction of symptoms severity in VPA-PEE and the best performance in VPAEE showed that rich and sensory overflew environment in infancy can change the formation of ASD. Finding might point to hyperactivity or a lack of regulation of BDNF levels in ASD. PEE most likely reduced hyperactivity, and continued environmental enrichment in EE, regulated the level of BDNF in the hippocampus.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim and Background: Therefore, conducting research on children's behavioral problems is important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting ...training program plus parental management training (combined education) with mindful parenting training and parental management training alone on reducing externalized and internalized behavioral problems of children. Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all preschool children in Kashmar in 2021-2022, from which 120 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to four groups. All completed the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up questionnaires of the Achenbach and Rescorla (2001) Child Behavior Inventory. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSSV19 software. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference in both variables of externalized and internalized behavioral problems between groups (P<0.01). This means that combined education (mindful parenting program with parental management training) was more effective in reducing externalized and internalized behavioral problems of preschool children compared to mindful parenting education and parental management training alone (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the combined education of mindful parenting and parental management training can reduce the externalized and internalized behavioral problems of preschool children and therefore the awareness of parents, teachers, counselors, psychologists and other professionals about these trainings can be reduced. Behavioral problems of preschool children are helpful.
The aim of this study is to design and validate a model in application of virtual social networks based on the social constructivism approach in collegiate face-to-face education. For this purpose, ...the mixed method was applied. Qualitative study was conducted with the aim of designing blended learning and using deductive content analysis method. In quantitative study, in order to determine the validity of blended learning plan, 6 experts were surveyed through a questionnaire survey method. In qualitative analysis, after the theoretical definition of each of the main concepts of research (components of education based on social constructivism, education based on virtual social networks and blended learning) referring to the scientific texts available in the period 2000-2018 and with the purposeful sampling method, 53 scientific texts including articles, books and dissertations were selected and studied. The results of this analysis consisted of 6 components of analysis, determination of educational goals and content, determination of educational tools and media, determination of educational elements for implementation, design of interaction and evaluation along with the elements of each of these components. Then, based on the existing educational design patterns, blended learning based on virtual social networks was designed with a social constructivism approach. The results of internal validation in the second study also demonstrated that the application pattern of virtual social networks based on the approach of social constructivism in collegiate face-to-face education has a good validity and suitable quality.
The detection of mental disorders through social media has received significant attention. With the growing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the inherent difficulties in diagnosing ...adults, researchers have attempted to identify undiagnosed adults. Previous studies have primarily concentrated on analyzing ASD characteristics rather than directly detecting ASD. The current study aims to propose a novel framework to assist in identifying the “lost generation” of ASD adults using their social media posts. Combining traditional and deep learning methods makes it possible to model complex aspects of ASD diagnostic characteristics, which have been relatively overlooked in previous studies. To accomplish this, specific formalizations for users’ patterns of interest as a main ASD diagnostic characteristic are proposed first. The latent linguistic and semantic features of ASD users’ postings are then modeled using deep and transformer-based language models. Finally, all these different aspects are considered together to train a detection model by employing the multi-view learning approach. The experiments show that the feature of idiosyncratic interests has more discriminative power than limited and repetitive interests. The results also indicate that the early fusion of interest-related features along with deep linguistic features outperforms the other examined feature combinations. Additionally, the proposed ‘if−iuf’ fusion model demonstrates improved performance in capturing patterns of interests, compared to baselines. These findings suggest the potential application of the proposed framework towards indirectly identifying ASD users on social media, as evidenced by achieving precision and recall rates of 85% and 82% respectively on the used sampled dataset.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective: Attentional bias for drug-related stimuli (Drug-AB) has been shown to play an important role in drug abuse, drug treatment, and relapse. This study sought to retrain Drug-AB using the Drug ...Attention Control Training Program (Drug-ACTP) on a sample of Iranian drug abusers. Method: The experimental group (n = 24) received 3 sessions of training with the Drug-ACTP in addition to treatment as usual; the control group (n = 24) received only treatment as usual. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the drug-Stroop test, measures of physiological cue reactivity, the Personal Concerns Inventory (a measure of motivational structure), Persian Temptation Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ), and Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTCQ). All participants were tested at baseline, posttraining, and a 2-month follow-up. A brief, 6-month telephone follow-up was also conducted to monitor their temptation, SCQ, RTCQ, PANAS, and PSS scores; doses of medicine taken; and number of lapses. Results: The results showed that, compared to the control group, the experimental group showed (a) reductions in Drug-AB, temptations to use, doses of medicine, and number of lapses; and (b) increases on the RTCQ and 2 subscales of the SCQ. Regardless of group membership, adaptive motivation was positively correlated with success in achieving therapeutic goals, and negatively associated with doses of methadone taken and number of relapses. Conclusions: It seems that attentional training can be an important addition to methadone maintenance therapy.
What is the public health significance of this article?
The study was conducted with a sample of Iranian drug abusers who were receiving methadone maintenance therapy. The experimental group received three sessions of game-like training on a computer. The game included images that were either related or unrelated to drug use. Participants who practiced with the game learned to ignore drug-related images in an attempt to reduce their hypersensitivity for such stimuli. Reduction in the sensitivity was associated with improvements in treatment success and recovery. Scientifically developed game-like interventions might help in recovery from unhealthy, recalcitrant habits.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
•Forty five per cent of suicide attempters had experienced heavy maltreatment.•Patients experienced mal-treatment, had avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles.•History of abuse could predict the ...number of suicide attempts in 17.3%•Patients between 41 and 50 years had attempted suicide more than others.
Insecure attachment style has been observed in some people with a history of suicide attempt. Furthermore, some types of abuse in childhood may predict suicide attempt in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess the attachment style, history of abuse, demographic information and number of suicide attempts in suicide attempters. This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 suicide attempters in Tehran in 2017. Demographic information, suicide behavior, attachment style and history of childhood abuse were assessed in a psychological interview using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale. Of all, 38.8% had attempted suicide once and 45% had experienced heavy maltreatment in childhood. There was no significant correlation between the number of suicide attempts and the attachment style. History of abuse could predict the number of suicide attempts in 17.3%, which was not significant; 78.8% had avoidant attachment style. The frequency of avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles was higher in suicide attempters who had experienced maltreatment in childhood. Considering the important role of attachment style and history of abuse in attempting suicide, knowledge in this regard is important especially in those at risk of suicide attempt to plan early psychological intervention and prevent suicide.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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A growing body of evidence that supports the efficacy of mindful parenting as a suitable intervention technique to foster parenting skills and reduce the risk of parental stress. However, most of ...the progress has been limited to parents with children with disabilities, and there is little evidence about the effect of mindful parenting intervention involving non-clinical populations. This study aimed to examine the effects of an 8-week Mindful Parenting Training (MPT) on parenting stress, Parent–Child interactions, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among mothers of typically developing preschool children. Forty mothers with high-stress levels according to Parenting Stress Index (PSI) were randomly assigned to a Mindful Parenting Training (MPT) group (
n
= 20) and a sham control group (
n
= 20). Questionnaires were administered at pretest, posttest, and eight weeks follow-up. A significant improvement was seen in parental stress, Parent–Child interactions, as well as adaptive cognitive regulation strategies in the MPT group compared with the sham control condition with large effect sizes. Moreover, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and conflicts associated with mother-child interactions decreased. All changes were maintained up to 2 months after the intervention. The results provide strong evidence that mindful parenting training is a valuable intervention for mothers referred to mental health care because of parenting stress, problems in Parent–Child interaction, and maladaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies.
Highlights
Mindful parenting may improve adaptive cognitive emotion regulation among mothers of typically developing preschool children.
Mindful parenting may have an impact on the Parent–Child interaction.
The results indicate an effect of mindful parenting on self-reported parenting stress.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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