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•High efficient Pt/mesoporous-TiO2 photo-thermal catalyst was prepared and applied for DRM reaction.•Catalytic activities of prepared photo-thermal catalyst were investigated under ...different conditions.•Synergistic effect of photo-thermal catalysis and SPR effect could improve the performance of catalyst.•Mechanism of photo-thermal DRM reaction was discussed based on catalytic testing and in situ DRIFTS experiments.
Coupling the concept of photo-thermal catalysis is a promising strategy for solar driven DRM reaction. However, highly efficient photo-thermal catalyst and its catalytic reaction mechanism are still barren. Therefore, a highly efficient Pt/mesoporous TiO2 photo-thermal catalyst is reported in this work, and reaction mechanism is investigated through XRD, XPS, Raman, UV–vis–nir, PL and in situ DRIFTS. It is found that Pt active sites and semiconductor TiO2 could work together with SPR and photoelectric effects to enhance adsorption and activation of CH4 and CO2, as well as the conversions of intermediate products (CHx, COO–, –OH etc.). Besides, the formation rates of CO and H2 are 281.0 and 178.6 mmol·gcat−1·h−1 respectively under 500 °C and 3.1 W·m−2 light irradiation intensity, which are 1.58 and 1.74 times higher than those under dark conditions. The activities of the prepared Pt/mesoporous-TiO2 catalyst performs better than recently published reports, showing great potential in photo-thermal chemical conversions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Emplacement of the diabase sills in the Liaodong Peninsula at 0.92–0.89Ga.•End of the Neoproterozoic strata in the SE NCC prior to 0.92–0.89Ga.•The macroscopic fossils and microfossils in the SE NCC ...are Tonian in age.•The SE NCC has undergone pre-magmatic uplift prior to 0.92–0.89Ga.•Diabase sills and uplift as evidence for breakup of the NCC from the Rodinia.
Diabase sill swarms are widespread within the Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Liaodong Peninsula (named as the Dalian mafic sill swarms), eastern North China Craton (NCC). Our new zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb and baddeleyite SIMS Pb–Pb dating results on five diabase sill samples emplaced into the Qiaotou, Cuijiatun and Xingmincun Formations in the Liaodong Peninsula indicate their emplacement during the early Neoproterozoic (Tonian) period at 0.92–0.89Ga and pre-magmatic regional uplift prior to ca. 0.92–0.89Ga. The above results provide important constraints on the upper boundary of the Neoproterozoic strata and their macroscopic carbonaceous fossils and organic-walled microfossils in the eastern and southeastern NCC and indicate they are Tonian in age. The early Neoproterozoic Dalian diabase sills belong to the tholeiitic series and are characterized by low contents of SiO2 and K2O, high contents of TiO2, Fe2O3T and MgO, slight light REE (LREE)-enrichment and no Eu anomalies on chondrite-normalized REE patterns, enrichment of high field strength element (HFSE) and lack of negative Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams; and exhibit geochemical characteristics of within plate basalt on discrimination diagrams. The newly identified Dalian diabase sills, together with the previously reported Xu-Huai and Sariwon mafic sills and the Dashigou mafic dykes, constitute an early Neoproterozoic (0.92–0.89Ga) large igneous province in the NCC (Sino-Korean Craton). Formation of the early Neoproterozoic diabase sill (dyke) swarms in the NCC is probably related to a continental rifting event that have led to breakup of southeastern NCC from some other continents in the Rodinia supercontinent. Breakup of the NCC from the Rodinia supercontinent at around 0.92–0.89Ga is also supported by pre-magmatic regional uplift of the southeastern NCC prior to ca. 0.92–0.89Ga and evolution trend of the Dalian diabase sills from within plate basalt to mid-ocean ridge basalt on the Zr/Y vs. Zr discrimination diagram.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Structure-induced performance in photothermal methane dry reforming reactor was investigated.•A coupled optics-CFD modeling of photothermal methane dry reforming process was conducted.•Slight ...changes of structural parameters can significantly affect the chemical reaction.
Structural design and optimization are important for improving the overall performance of solar reactors. In this study, a coupled optics-CFD model was established to simulate the complex processes of radiation absorption, mass and heat transfer, and chemical reactions in a solar methane dry reforming reactor. The effects of structural parameters on the photothermal chemical conversion process were mainly discussed. It is found that slight changes of structural parameters, such as inclined angle and length of transition section, and cut-off ratio and acceptance half-angle of compound parabolic concentrator, could affect the radiation heat flux density distributions greatly and thus leading to significant variation of the chemical reaction. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the coupled analysis of optics and fluid dynamics when designing and optimizing the solar-type reactor. The proposed model and the obtained results are of guiding significance for the study of various solar-thermochemical and photochemical reactors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The role of Gli-similar 2 (Glis2) in hepatic fibrosis (HF) is controversial. In this study, we focused on the functional and molecular mechanisms involved in the Glis2-mediated activation of hepatic ...stellate cells (HSCs)-a milestone event leading to HF. The expression levels of Glis2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in the liver tissues of patients with severe HF and in mouse fibrotic liver tissues as well as HSCs activated by TGFβ1. Functional studies indicated that upregulated Glis2 significantly inhibited HSC activation and alleviated BDL-induced HF in mice. Downregulation of Glis2 was found to correlate significantly with DNA methylation of the Glis2 promoter mediated by methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which restricted the binding of hepatic nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1-α), a liver-specific transcription factor, to Glis2 promoters. In addition, the enrichment of DNMT1 in the Glis2 promoter region was mediated by metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcriptor-1 (MALAT1) lncRNA, leading to transcriptional silencing of Glis2 and activation of HSCs. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the upregulation of Glis2 can maintain the resting state of HSCs. The decreased expression of Glis2 under pathological conditions may lead to the occurrence and development of HF with the expression silencing of DNA methylation mediated by MALAT1 and DNMT1.
This note deals with the problem of observer-based fast rate fault detection for a class of multirate sampled-data (MSD) systems. Applying a lifting technique, a linear time-invariant (LTI) ...representation with slow sampling period is firstly obtained for the MSD systems and, based on this, an observer-based fault detection filter is considered as a residual generator. Then an optimization fault detection approach for LTI systems is modified to the residual generation for the MSD systems and, by solving a discrete-time Algebraic Riccati equation, a family of optimal solutions with causality constraint can be obtained. An inverse lifting operation on the generated residual implements its fast rate. The residual evaluation problem is also considered. A numerical example is finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design techniques
► Laboratory studies of solute transport in a single fracture under non-Darcian flow are conducted. ► Non-Fickian transport behavior has been observed from the measured breakthrough curves (BTCs). ► ...Boundary layer dispersion can be used to understand the transport process. ► The mobile–immobile model can be approximately used to deal with the boundary layer dispersion.
We have experimentally studied solute transport in a single fracture (SF) under non-Darcian flow condition which was found to closely follow the Forchheimer equation at Reynolds numbers around 12.2–86.0 when fracture apertures were between 4
mm and 9
mm. The measured breakthrough curves (BTCs) under the non-Darcian flow condition had some features that are difficult to explain using the Fickian type advection–dispersion equation (ADE). All the measured BTCs showed long tails, which might be caused by mass transfer between the boundary layer near the fracture wall and the mobile domain near the plane of symmetry, as supported by the boundary layer dispersion theories of
Koch and Brady (1985, 1987). A mobile–immobile (MIM) model was used to simulate the measured BTCs. To show that the MIM model was doing a better job than the ADE model in describing the observed BTCs, we conducted statistical analysis on the goodness of fitting with these two models. The results showed that the correlation coefficients for the MIM model were greater than those for the ADE model and were close to unity, indicating a nearly perfect fit with the MIM. The mass transfer rate between the mobile domain and the boundary layer increased when the mobile water fraction became larger. The best fit dispersivity values using the MIM model varied between 1.05
mm and 9.29
mm whereas their counterparts using the ADE model varied between 245
mm and 462
mm for the experimental condition of this study. Several issues such as the possible bimodal concentration distribution and the scale-dependent transport in a SF were discussed and would be investigated in the future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Prophage activation in intestinal environments has been frequently reported to affect host adaptability, pathogen virulence, gut bacterial community composition, and intestinal health. Prophage ...activation is mostly caused by various stimulators, such as diet, antibiotics, some bacterial metabolites, gastrointestinal transit, inflammatory environment, oxidative stress, and quorum sensing. Moreover, with advancements in biotechnology and the deepening cognition of prophages, prophage activation regulation therapy is currently applied to the treatment of some bacterial intestinal diseases such as Shiga toxin-producing
infection. This review aims to make headway on prophage induction in the intestine, in order to make a better understanding of dynamic changes of prophages, effects of prophage activation on physiological characteristics of bacteria and intestinal health, and subsequently provide guidance on prophage activation regulation therapy.
Low drug productivity has been a significant problem of the pharmaceutical industry for several decades even though numerous novel technologies were introduced during this period. Currently ...pharmacologic dogma, "single drug, single target, single disease", is at the root of the lack of drug productivity. From a systems biology viewpoint, network pharmacology has been proposed to complement the established guiding pharmacologic approaches. The rationale for network pharmacology as a major component of drug discovery and development is that a disease can be caused by perturbation of the disease-causing network and a drug may be designed to interact with multiple targets for modulation of such a network from the disease status toward normal status. Therefore, network pharmacology has been applied to guide and assist in drug repositioning. Drugs exerting their therapeutic effects may directly target disease-associated proteins, but they may also modulate the pathways involved in the pathological process. In this review, we discuss the progresses and prospects in network pharmacology, focusing on drug off-targets discovery, disease-associated protein identification, and pathway analysis for elucidating relationships between drug targets and disease-associated proteins.
In this paper, we propose a real scene acquisition and holographic near-eye display system based on a zoom industrial endoscope. By controlling the driving current of the liquid lens, the working ...distance and focal length of the zoom industrial endoscope can be tuned accordingly. Thus, the object at different depths can be captured. Then, the sub-sampling algorithm is used to generate the hologram. By adjusting the hologram sampling rate of the objects with different depths, the holographic near-eye 3D display can be realized. Experimental results demonstrate that the working distance of the zoom industrial endoscope can be tuned from 20 mm to 200 mm with the driving current changing from 80 mA to 190 mA. With the proposed system, the human eye can intuitively see the depth relationships among the real objects. The proposed system is expected to be applied to 3D display and industrial inspection fields.
Recent developments in complex systems analysis have led to new techniques for detecting causal relationships using relatively short time series, on the order of 30 sequential observations. Although ...many ecological observation series are even shorter, perhaps fewer than ten sequential observations, these shorter time series are often highly replicated in space (i.e., plot replication). Here, we combine the existing techniques of convergent cross mapping (CCM) and dewdrop regression to build a novel test of causal relations that leverages spatial replication, which we call multispatial CCM. Using examples from simulated and real-world ecological data, we test the ability of multispatial CCM to detect causal relationships between processes. We find that multispatial CCM successfully detects causal relationships with as few as five sequential observations, even in the presence of process noise and observation error. Our results suggest that this technique may constitute a useful test for causality in systems where experiments are difficult to perform and long time series are not available. This new technique is available in the multispatialCCM package for the R programming language.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
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