Fullerene‐free and processing additive‐free 8.5% efficient polymer solar cells are achieved by using a new 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐linked arylene diimide dimer with a 76° twist angle. The devices ...combine high (78–83%) external quantum efficiency with high (0.91–0.95 V) photovoltages and thus have relatively low optical bandgap energy loss.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This review focuses on the expanding role of marine collagen (MC)-based scaffolds for biomedical applications. A scaffold-a three-dimensional (3D) structure fabricated from biomaterials-is a key ...supporting element for cell attachment, growth, and maintenance in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. The mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds influence cell morphology, behavior, and function. MC, collagen derived from marine organisms, offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy extractability, water solubility, safety, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. In recent years, the use of MC as an increasingly valuable scaffold biomaterial has drawn considerable attention from biomedical researchers. The characteristics, isolation, physical, and biochemical properties of MC are discussed as an understanding of MC in optimizing the subsequent modification and the chemistries behind important tissue engineering applications. The latest technologies behind scaffold processing are assessed and the biomedical applications of MC and MC-based scaffolds, including tissue engineering and regeneration, wound dressing, drug delivery, and therapeutic approach for diseases, especially those associated with metabolic disturbances such as obesity and diabetes, are discussed. Despite all the challenges, MC holds great promise as a biomaterial for developing medical products and therapeutics.
The level-k literature classifies subjects into different
Lk
types by their observed levels of reasoning in games. However, it remains unclear whether the observed level-k behavior is determined by ...belief or reasoning ability. This study proposes a strategy to identify the
ability-bounded
Lk
subjects, who could not reason more than
k
steps of iterated best responses and thus have reached the upper bounds of their reasoning capacity. The identification utilizes a combination of simultaneous and sequential ring games. In the sequential games, it requires an extra step to best respond as
Lk
, and thus the ability-bounded ones would fail the task. Results show that more than half of the
L
2 and
L
3 subjects are ability-bounded. Additionally, subjects’ CRT scores, a measure of their cognitive ability, support the separation of the ability-bounded types. The findings suggest that both belief and reasoning ability could determine the observed levels, and thus one must be cautious when trying to infer belief or ability from the existing level-k data.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Alloy‐type anodes are one of the most promising classes of next‐generation anode materials due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity (2–10 times that of graphite). However, current alloy‐type ...anodes have several limitations: huge volume expansion, high tendency to fracture and disintegrate, an unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and low Coulombic efficiency. Efforts to overcome these challenges are ongoing. This Review details recent progress in the research of batteries based on alloy‐type anodes and discusses the direction of their future development. We conclude that improvements in structural design, the introduction of a protective interface, and the selection of suitable electrolytes are the most effective ways to improve the performance of alloy‐type anodes. Furthermore, future studies should direct more attention toward analyzing their synergistic promoting effect.
Alloy‐type anodes are one of the most promising anodes because of their high energy density, relatively low electrode potential and low cost, but they can also undergo large volume expansion, resulting in disintegration and fracturing of anodes. In this Review useful strategies to solve these problems are discussed including the structural design of anodes, construction of a protective interface on anodes, and selection of suitable electrolytes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation of noble metal nanoparticles has been shown to accelerate and drive photochemical reactions. Here, LSPR excitation is shown to enhance the ...electrocatalysis of a fuel‐cell‐relevant reaction. The electrocatalyst consists of PdxAg alloy nanotubes (NTs), which combine the catalytic activity of Pd toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and the visible‐light plasmonic response of Ag. The alloy electrocatalyst exhibits enhanced MOR activity under LSPR excitation with significantly higher current densities and a shift to more positive potentials. The modulation of MOR activity is ascribed primarily to hot holes generated by LSPR excitation of the PdxAg NTs.
Plasmonic excitation of a palladium‐silver alloy nanotube electrocatalyst results in the enhancement of methanol oxidation reaction. Although photothermal heating of the electrochemical interface contributes to the enhancement, the primary mechanism involves hot holes generated by plasmonic excitation. Hot holes drive a methanol oxidation pathway that is complementary to electro‐oxidation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are a family of membrane-bound transcription factors that activate genes encoding enzymes required for synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated ...fatty acids. SREBPs are controlled by multiple mechanisms at the level of mRNA synthesis, proteolytic activation, and transcriptional activity. In this review, we summarize the recent findings that contribute to the current understanding of the regulation of SREBPs and their physiologic roles in maintenance of lipid homeostasis, insulin signaling, innate immunity, and cancer development.
Cholesterol, oxysterols, and UFAs regulate the SREBP pathway through their binding to Scap (cholesterol), Insigs (oxysterols), and Ubxd8 (UFAs). These binding events influence the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of Scap–SREBP complexes and thereby modulate the proteolytic activation of SREBPs.
Insulin modulates the SREBP pathway through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that emerge from the mTOR pathway.
Modulation of the SREBP pathway contributes to innate immunity and development of cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
All‐polymer solar cells with 4.8% power conversion efficiency are achieved via solution processing from a co‐solvent. The observed short‐circuit current density of 10.5 mA cm−2 and external quantum ...efficiency of 61.3% are also the best reported in all‐polymer solar cells so far. The results demonstrate that processing the active layer from a co‐solvent is an important strategy in achieving highly efficient all‐polymer solar cells.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this letter, resource allocation in a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is studied. We investigate an optimization ...problem of minimizing the total transmit power under quality of service requirements, by jointly searching for optimal subcarrier assignments of each user and power allocations over subcarriers. We first present an optimal solution of power allocation with fixed subcarrier assignments, based on which we next propose a low-complexity algorithm of jointly optimizing the subcarrier assignments and power allocations. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is near-optimal and the power consumption is significantly reduced compared with both the conventional OFDM-based frequency division multiple access and the static NOMA resource allocation schemes.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, infects more than 170 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of liver failure in the United ...States. A unique feature of HCV is that the viral life cycle depends on cholesterol metabolism in host cells. This review summarizes the cholesterol metabolic pathways that are required for the replication, secretion, and entry of HCV. The potential application of drugs that alter host cholesterol metabolism in treating HCV infection is also discussed.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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