Sleep staging is imperative for evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders. Extant sleep staging methods with fusing multiple data-views of physiological signals have achieved promising ...results. However, they remain neglectful of the relationship among different data-views at different feature scales with view position-alignment. To address this, we propose a novel cross-view alignment network, termed cVAN, utilising scale-aware attention for sleep stages classification. Specifically, cVAN principally incorporates two sub-networks of a residual- like network which learn spectral information from time-frequency images and a transformer- like network which learns corresponding temporal information. The prime advantage of cVAN is to adaptively align the learned feature scales among the different data-views of physiological signals with a scale-aware attention by reorganizing feature maps. Extensive experiments on three public sleep datasets demonstrate that cVAN can achieve a new state-of-the-art result, which is superior to existing counterparts. The source code for cVAN is accessible at the URL ( https://github.com/Fibonaccirabbit/cVAN ).
In this paper, an asymmetric image encryption algorithm based on DNA coding and hyperchaotic system is designed. Unlike other image encryption schemes, for example, sharing of same private keys ...between sender and receiver, and fixed rules with simple operation, three stages are studied as follows to deal with these problems. Firstly, to eliminate the possible risk of key transmission and management, the initial values of the hyperchaotic system are generated for ahead by the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) algorithm and the plain image, in which the sum of odd rows, even rows, odd columns, and even columns are computed respectively to extra the plain message from the plain image as input of RSA algorithm. Then, a mathematical map is established to transform all of them into initial values of the hyperchaotic system. Secondly, the pixel level permutation is performed to confuse the image according to the chaotic sequences generated. Finally, to solve the problem of fixed rules with simple operations in current DNA based image encryption algorithms, dynamical DNA encryption is designed to diffuse the permuted image. The process of DNA encryption includes DNA coding, DNA operation and DNA decoding. In particular, DNA rules are selected according to chaotic sequences dynamically, rather than fixed rules with simple operation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm is secure and reliable for image encryption.
In this study, a novel asymmetric image encryption scheme based on the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm and Arnold transformation is proposed. First, the asymmetric public key RSA algorithm is ...used to generate the initial values for a quantum logistic map. Second, the parameters of the Arnold map are calculated. Then, Arnold scrambling operation is performed on the plain image to achieve the rough hiding of image information. Third, each row and each column of the image are taken as different units respectively and then exclusive-OR (XOR) diffusion is applied. Finally, the generated keystream is used to perform an end-to-start cyclic modulo diffusion operation for all rows and columns to produce the final cipher image. In addition, the keystream is related to the plain image, which can enhance the ability to resist chosen plaintext attack and known plaintext attack. The test results also show that the proposed encryption algorithm has strong plain sensitivity and key sensitivity.
Schizophrenia, a common mental disorder, has a tremendous impact on the health and economy of people worldwide. Evidence suggests that the microbial-gut-brain axis is an important pathway for the ...interaction between the gut microbiome and the development of schizophrenia. What is not clear is how changes in the gut microbiota composition and structure during antipsychotic treatment improve the symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study, 25 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. Their fecal samples were collected before and after hospital treatment for 14–19 days. The composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota were evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and the results showed significant differences in fecal microbiota before and after treatment.
Firmicutes
(relative abundances of 82.60 and 86.64%) and
Gemminger
(relative abundances of 14.17 and 13.57%) were the first dominant species at the phylum and genus levels, respectively. The random forest algorithm and co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that intestinal flora (especially the core species ASV57) could be used as biomarkers to distinguish different clinical states and match treatment regimens accordingly. In addition, after fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic-treated recipient mice showed multiple behavioral improvements. These included decreased psychomotor hyperactivity, increased social interaction, and memory. In conclusion, this study suggests that differences in the composition and structure of gut microbiota after treatment are associated with the development and severity of schizophrenia. Results may provide a potential target for the treatment of this disorder.
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of microinjection of different dosages of guide RNA (gRNA)/Cas9 protein on the mutation rate, embryo survival, embryonic development, ...hatchability and early fry survival in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Guide RNAs targeting two of the channel catfish immune-related genes, toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adapter molecule (TICAM 1) and rhamnose binding lectin (RBL) genes, were designed and prepared. Three dosages of gRNA/Cas9 protein (low, 2.5 ng gRNA/7.5 ng Cas9, medium, 5 ng gRNA/15 ng Cas9 and high, 7.5 ng gRNA/22.5 ng Cas9) were microinjected into the yolk of one-cell embryos. Mutation rate increased with higher dosages (p < 0.05). Higher dosages increased the mutation frequency in individual embryos where biallelic mutations were detected. For both genes, microinjection procedures increased the embryo mortality (p < 0.05). Increasing the dosage of gRNA/Cas9 protein increased the embryo mortality and reduced the hatching percent (p < 0.05). Embryonic development was delayed when gRNAs targeting RBL gene were injected. Means of fry survival time were similar for different dosages (p > 0.05). The current results lay the foundations for designing gene editing experiments in channel catfish and can be used as a guide for other fish species.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The current image encryption method is relatively simple, and there is the problem of poor image encryption effect. Based on the hybrid chaotic model, an image encryption method with component fusion ...is proposed in this paper. The image is mapped by using Arnold cat mapping method. Chaotic sequence is generated by chaotic model, and the original image is scrambled and substituted to achieve image encryption. Through the fixed point ratio, information entropy, gray mean change value, autocorrelation and similarity, the test of encrypted image is completed. Experimental results show that the proposed image encryption method has good performance, high security intensity, and can effectively encrypt the image.
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in homeostasis and the regulation of body weight. Polymorphisms in the mc4r gene have been discovered and linked to growth, carcass ...composition, and meat quality traits. Therefore, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target the mc4r gene in the most important freshwater aquaculture species in the USA, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Guide RNAs were designed to direct the Cas9 to the coding sequence of the channel catfish mc4r gene. gRNA(s)-Cas9 mixtures were delivered into one-cell embryos using electroporation and microinjection. For each treatment, the nature and rate of mutations were analyzed. Hatching and survival rates were calculated. The overall mutation rates were 30.6% and 66.7–90.6% for electroporation and microinjection, respectively. Mutated fish generated via electroporation or microinjection exhibited 38% and 20% improvement in body weight, respectively, when compared with the full-sib control. The mean feed conversion ratio of the mutants was 1.18 compared with 1.57 in the control fish. The improved growth and feed conversion indicate that the generation of mc4r-edited fish could economically benefit aquaculture production.
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