Roots and barks of various
Berberis species are used as folk remedy for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases such as lumbago, rheumatism and to reduce fever. Six isoquinoline alkaloids ...namely berberine, berbamine, palmatine, oxyacanthine, magnoflorine, and columbamine were isolated as the main components of alkaloidal fraction from the roots of Turkish
Berberis species and effects were studied using various in vivo models in mice. All alkaloids inhibited inflammations in varying degrees, among them berberine, berbamine and palmatine were shown to possess significant and dose-dependent inhibitory activity against serotonin-induced hind paw oedema both on oral and topical applications and acetic acid-induced increase in vascular permeability on oral administration. Moreover, these three alkaloids were also shown to possess dose-dependent antinociceptive activity, which assessed by using the model based on the inhibition of p-benzoquinone-induced writhing movements as well as antipyretic activity on FCA-induced increased rectal temperature on subacute administration. However, all alkaloids induced gastric lesions in varying degrees.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.), rich in phenolics, is used as antiviral, especially to treat common cold and flu. The flower of black elder has been approved by German Commission E and ESCOP for its ...mentioned usage, and in several pharmacopoeias, its qualification parameters were described. However, its fruits with a similar use as the flowers have not been considered by the pharmacopoeias. Even so, the number of black elder fruit supplements marketing with different brands is increasing steadily. This study aimed to evaluate the availability and concentrations of marker components (chlorogenic acid, rutin, and isoquercitrin) in herbal supplements containing black elder fruits comparatively with the reference plant material by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Additionally, the total anthocyanin amount was calculated by spectrophotometry in these samples, and the results were expressed as equivalents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G). HPTLC fingerprints showed that most of the marketed products did not contain rutin, chlorogenic acid and isoquercitrin. Moreover, their fingerprint comparison with the reference was found to be different. The highest chlorogenic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin amounts were found as 0.742 mg/effervescent tablet (E3), 1.445 mg/capsule (C1), and 0.082 mg/capsule (C1), respectively by HPLC. According to the total anthocyanin content, C1 was determined to have the highest anthocyanin content as 8.705 mg C3G/capsule, whereas E6 was found to have the lowest anthocyanin content as 0.024 mg C3G/effervescent tablet. Consequently, there is an urgent need to establish standardization parameters for black elder fruits.
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A new HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of some phenolic compounds; gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and ...quercetin in some local wine and fruit wine samples.
Analyses were performed on a Zorbax Eclipse C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 3.5-µm particle size) using a gradient system. Mobile phase A was a 10-mM phosphoric acid solution and mobile phase B was methanol using a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Phenolic components were monitored using a DAD at three different wavelengths.
The developed and validated method was generally linear between the 1-100 ppm concentration range. Recovery values were obtained in the range of 95-105% and repetitive. The method was successfully applied to investigate the phenolic profiles of different wine samples.
As a result of the study, an accurate, sensitive and reliable HPLC-DAD method was developed. The method was successfully used to determine the concentrations of antioxidant phenolic constituents from some local wine extracts.
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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum or cisplatin (CDDP)-induced ototoxicity. ...MATERIALS and METHODS:Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were given a total of 15 mg/kg CDDP intraperitoneally, which was divided equally into three doses on days 1,3, and 5. Group 2 was treated via gavage feeding with 15 ml NSO that was divided into five doses on days 1,3,5, 7, and 9. Groups 3 and 4 received only 15 ml of NSO and 15 ml of 0.9% saline solution, respectively, which were orally administered and divided into five doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Baseline high-frequency (8, 12, 16, and 32 kHz) auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were collected in all the groups before the medical administrations and were repeated on the 14th day before sacrifice. Afterward, a histopathological evaluation of the cochlea was performed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the histopathological changes between group 1 and the other groups (p<0.01). Changes in the spiral ganglion cells, the stria vascularis, and the external ciliated cells were significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.019, 0.039, and 0.045, respectively). The ABR results revealed significant differences in the 16 and 32 kHz measurements between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.013 and p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: According to the results, NSO may have a protective effect on cochlear function against the disruptive effects of CDDP in rats. KEYWORDS: Nigella sativa, cisplatin, ototoxicity, rat
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The roots of Arnebia densiflora (Nordm.) Ledeb. (Boraginaceae), which is an endemic plant for Turkey, have been used for healing of wounds in folk medicine. The extract of the roots in olive oil and ...mostly the root barks was applied onto open wounds for rapid healing.
To evaluate the wound healing activity of the roots, extracts were prepared with different solvents; hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively from the roots of Arnebia densiflora.
Incision by using tensiometer and excision models were employed on mice and rats.
Significant wound healing activity was observed with the ointment formulation prepared by using hexane extract at 1% concentration on the mentioned models. The results of histopathological examination supported the outcome of both incision and excision wound models. The wound healing effect was comparatively evaluated with a reference ointment Madecassol®.
The experimental data demonstrated that Arnebia densiflora displayed remarkable wound healing activity.
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Roots of
Onosma species are used for the treatment of various disorders such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, hemorrhoids as well as alleviating pains in folk medicine in Turkey.
The chloroform and ...ethanol (70%) extracts obtained from the roots of
Onosma species (Boraginaceae) growing in Turkey,
Onosma aucheranum DC.,
Onosma isauricum Boiss. and Heldr. (endemic),
Onosma sericeum Willd.,
Onosma tauricum Pallas ex Willd. var.
brevifolium DC. (endemic) and
Onosma tauricum Pallas ex Willd. var.
tauricum (Syn:
Onosma velenovskyi Davidov) were evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
For the preliminary screening, carrageenan-induced hind paw edema for the anti-inflammatory activity and,
p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test for the antinociceptive activity were used in mice.
The chloroform extracts from
Onosma aucheranum and
Onosma isauricum and ethanolic extracts from
Onosma isauricum and
Onosma sericeum demonstrated 28.0%, 34.3%, 24.6% and, 27.5% inhibition in
p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test. The chloroform and ethanol (70%) extracts of
Onosma isauricum and ethanol (70%) extract of
Onosma sericeum also exhibited marked inhibition, ranging between 12.3–27.3%, 10.5–25.3%, 8.2–22.6%, respectively, in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model at 100
mg/kg dose without gastric damage and the activity was quite comparable to indomethacin (32.0–38.4% inhibition) as a reference sample. Neither death nor gastric bleeding was observed for any of the plant extracts during the acute toxicity evaluation.
The experimental data demonstrated that
Onosma aucheranum,
Onosma isauricum and
Onosma sericeum displayed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In this study we aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of myrtle oil (myrtii oleum) on the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, the levels of malondialdehyde in liver ...tissues as an index of lipid peroxidation and nitrite–nitrate levels in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic and MO-treated rabbits. In our previous study, we assumed that MO with a dose of 50
mg/kg, possesses a hypoglycemic activity and this activity was independent from the effects of insulin. Myrtle oil exerts its hypoglycemic activity by enhanced glycolysis, glycogenesis and decreased glycogenolysis. What is more glucose load data strongly suggest that MO treatment produces hypoglycemia mainly by reducing intestinal absorption of glucose, so MO could be an α-glycosidase enzyme inhibitor which had a hypoglycaemic effect only on alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits on the fourth hour and on orally glucose loaded group. The major finding of this new study is that, MO may not offer any protection against oxidative stress during acute studies in normoglycemic and diabetic groups. Although the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities did not change during acute studies in diabetes
+
MO group, there was a significant change at the end of 21 days. There is a very limited knowledge about MO and its effects on diabetes. Therefore, we tried to explain the mechanism that might underlie the protective effects of MO with this paper.
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Abstract Objective Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and St. John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum L.) are used as an emmenagog and for the treatment of other gynecological disorders including ...uterus inflammation and endometriosis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential of a mixture of sea buckthorn and St. John's wort oils (HrHp oil) in the treatment of endometriosis. Materials and Methods The activity was assessed in surgically induced endometriosis in rats. A 15-mm piece of endometrium was sutured into the abdominal wall. Twenty-eight days later, a second laparotomy was performed to calculate the endometrial foci areas and to score intra-abdominal adhesions. The rats were treated with either vehicle, HrHp oil formulation, or the reference (buserelin acetate). At the end of the experiment all rats were sacrificed and endometriotic foci areas and intra-abdominal adhesions were re-evaluated. The tissue sections were analyzed histopathologically. Peritoneal fluids of the experimental animals were collected in order to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-6, which might be involved in the etiology of endometriosis. Results In the HrHp oil-treated group, the volumes of endometriotic implants were found to be significantly decreased (from 50.8 mm3 to 18.6 mm3 , p < 0.001) without any adhesion (0.0 ± 0.0, p < 0.001) when compared to the control group (3.1 ± 0.9). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α decreased from 7.02 ± 1.33 pg/mL to 4.78 ± 1.02 pg/mL ( p < 0.01); vascular endothelial growth factor from 17.39 ± 8.52 pg/mL to 9.67 ± 5.04 pg/mL ( p < 0.01); and interleukin-6 from 50.95 ± 22.84 pg/mL to 29.11 ± 7.45 pg/mL ( p < 0.01), respectively, after HrHp oil treatment. Conclusion HrHp oil may be a promising alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Despite widespread traditional usage of Eryngium species in Anatolia (Turkey), only a limited number of scientific studies exists on E. kotschyi, an endemic species. Previously, extracts from E. ...campestre and E. kotschyi were reported to have significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, urease inhibitory activities of ethanol extracts of E. kotschyi and E. campestre var. virens roots as well as distilled water and ethanol extracts of E. kotschyi aerial parts. The NO and cytokine inhibitory effects were evaluated by Griess and ELISA assays. The antioxidant activities were tested on DPPH•, ABTS•+ and CUPRAC assays. The EtOH extract of E. kotschyi roots (EKr EtOH) and aerial parts (EKae EtOH) inhibited 50.08% and 41.52% of NO production at 100 μg/ml, respectively. The EtOH extract of the roots of E. campestre var. virens (ECr EtOH) and EKr EtOH provided 36.22% and 65.23% IL-6 inhibition and 44.24% and 56.84% IL-1α inhibition at 100 μg/ml. EKae EtOH exerted highest antioxidant activity on ABTS•+ (2.4±0.0005 μM trolox/mg extract) and CUPRAC (0.97±0.07 mM trolox/mg extract). This extract was also found the richest among all in terms of phenolics content (6.1±0.001 mg/GAE/g extract). EKr EtOH and ECr EtOH exhibited strongest DPPH• (IC50 = 1.132±0.057 mg/ml) radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (0.36±0.005 mM Fe2+/mg extract) activity respectively. The extracts exerted low urease inhibitory activity. Consequently, the results of this study might contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.
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