This study was designed to evaluate the effects of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation method on the antioxidant potentials and phenolic profile of some Turkish fruit wines and to compare the ...results with a Turkish red wine prepared from native grape varieties (Papazkarası). For this purpose, blueberry, black mulberry and cherry wines were studied since they are widely consumed in Turkey. Papazkarası wine was chosen due to the lack of studies regarding this type of wine. Antioxidant potentials of samples were measured with four different methods: DPPH radical-scavenging activity, H2O2-scavenging activity, cupric reducing capacity and total antioxidant capacity assays. The phenolic profiles of samples were evaluated by the determination of total phenolic content and HPLC-DAD analysis of seven different molecules. The results of this study provided information not only the effect of gastrointestinal digestion on parameters mentioned above, but also the bioaccessibility about the phenolic compounds found in these four different wine samples.
•The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potentials of Turkish fruit wines are discussed.•A local grape wine (Papazkarasi) is also included in the study for comparison.•Black mulberry wine exhibits the best bioavailability of phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant level.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Three new phenylethyl glycosides, 3′′′′‐O‐methylmaxoside (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐4‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside; 1), digilanatosides ...A (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐6‐O‐(E)‐sinapoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside; 2), and digilanatoside B (=2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐6‐O‐(E)‐p‐coumaroyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐4‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside; 3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Digitalis lanata, along with two known phenylethyl glycosides, purpureaside A and maxoside, a phenylpropanoid glucose ester, 1‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl‐β‐glucopyranose, a benzoquinolethanoid glucoside, cornoside, a cardenolide, lanatoside C, a furostane‐type steroidal saponin, purpureagitoside, and a disaccharide, sucrose. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐MALDI‐MS).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Plants have become a unique source for the mankind either as food or medicine. No doubt this relationship initiated instinctively to satisfy the inner man, while later they noticed the healing ...potential of plants. This had been the beginning point of traditional medicines worldwide. Among the ca. 300.000 plant species have been identified on the earth so far, only a fraction (ca.120.000) has been reported to be used as food or remedy. The remaining part has still waited for discovery of their beneficial effects on human health. The metabolite composition of the plants has attracted the scientific community rather than plants itself. However, random screening of plants for potential health benefits without any evidence is a tedious task. Investigation planning based on the traditional use of plants has become one of the solutions to overcome this problem. Thenceforth 1985 increasing numbers of scientific field surveys have been conducted throughout Turkey for the documentation of folkloric utilization of plants against disease symptoms. However, due to the impact of modernization in society accessibility of reliable information has become problematic day-by-day. Moreover, increasing number of migrations from rural areas to urban to improve the living conditions makes difficult to find informants in countryside. In order to rescue this valuable information before complete vanishing, several alternative survey techniques have been attempted. In this study, reports on Turkish folk medicine which have been conducted so far will be evaluated. Based on the data obtained, past and present situations will be discussed.
Helichrysum graveolens (Bieb.) Sweet (Asteraceae) grows widely in Turkey. Capitulums of H. graveolens are used in the treatment of many diseases such as jaundice and wound healing and as a diuretic ...in the rural areas of Anatolia. The decoction from the capitulums of the plant is consumed for the symptoms of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine. In the present study, the hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant potentials of water and ethanol extracts of H. graveolens were evaluated by using in vivo methods in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels of animals were measured by the glucose oxidase method. The antioxidant activity of these extracts was also studied in liver, kidney, and heart tissues. In order to determine antioxidant activity, tissue malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels were measured by using spectrophotometric methods. The experimental data obtained from water and ethanol extracts of capitulums confirmed the folkloric utilization. In order to discuss the role of polyphenolic components in the relevant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents of each extract were also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and a positive correlation was observed.
•Chamomile is one of the most popular medicinal plants and used as a safe remedy.•Chamomile-like flowers are frequently consumed due to misidentification problem.•Apigenin 7-O-glucoside is regarded ...as an active marker in chamomile flowers.•An HPTLC method for quantification of apigenin 7-O-glucoside has been validated.•Chamomile was discriminated from chamomile-like species.
Brewed tea of chamomile flowers (Matricaria recutita L.) (Asteraceae) has been extensively consumed for centuries due to either its pleasant taste or medicinal purposes. On the other hand, the major problem is difficulty in distinguishing the genuine specimen when supplying chamomile through nature-picking. Consequently flowers of other Asteraceae members resembling to chamomile in appearance may frequently be practiced by lay people or marketed in spice shops or bazaars. Evidently detection of such adulterations plays a vital role in terms of public health to avoid risk of toxicity (i.e. pyrazolidin alkaloids) and ineffective treatments (lack or insufficient concentration of the active constituents). This work presents either development and validation of a high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for apigenin 7-O-glucoside which is one of the active markers in chamomile flowers or its application for the fingerprint discrimination of chamomile-like materials i.e. Anthemis spp., Bellis spp., Chrysanthemum sp. and Tanacetum sp. gathered by local people assuming as chamomile. Separation was performed on the silica gel 60 NH2 F254s HPTLC plates using the developing solvent system of ethyl acetate–formic acid–acetic acid–water (30:1.5:1.5:3, v/v/v/v). The proposed HPTLC method may also be a leading guide for the quality assessment of chamomile tea products on the market.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Escins, a triterpene glycoside mixture obtained from the ethanol extract of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae) seed, was evaluated for its in vivo effects on the plasma levels of some ...hormones (leptin, insulin, FT3, FT4) and biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C concentrations) in mice fed with a high fat diet for 5 weeks. A high fat diet induced a remarkable increment in the plasma leptin (p <0.01), total cholesterol (p <0.01) and LDL-C (p <0.001) concentrations compared to control group animals. Combined administration of a high-fat diet with escins decreased leptin (31.6%) (p<0.05) and FT4 (36.0%) (p<0.05) levels, increased HDL-C concentration (17.0%), while remained ineffective on LDL-C concentration in mice. Results have shown that escins may have beneficial effects in the understanding of obesity.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Extracts obtained from the roots and barks of various Berberis species are used as folk remedy worldwide for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments including lumbago, rheumatism and to reduce ...fever. Effects of the extracts and fractions from the roots of Berberis crataegina DC. (Berberidaceae) were studied using various in vivo models of inflammation in mice and rats and observed potent inhibitory activity against carrageenan- and serotonin-induced hind paw oedema, acetic acid-induced increased vascular permeability, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced (FCA) arthritis models. Through bioassay-guided fractionation berberine was isolated as the main active ingredient. Moreover, a dose-dependent analgesic activity was determined, which assessed by using the model based on the inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing reflexes, as well as antipyretic activity on FCA-induced increased body temperature. Acute and subchronic toxicity studies were also performed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried leaves and flowers of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas were separately identified by GC-FID and GCMS ...analyses. The main components were α-fenchone (41.9±1.2%), 1,8-cineole (15.6±0.8%), camphor (12.1±0.5%), and viridiflorol (4.1±0.4%) in the leaves; and α-fenchone (39.2±0.9%), myrtenyl acetate (9.5±0.4%), α-pinene (6.1±0.09%), camphor (5.9±0.05%) and 1,8-cineole (3.8±0.1%) in the flowers. Overall, 55 and 66 constituents were identified in the leaf and flower essential oils representing more than 90% and 94% of the total, respectively. In addition, the essential oils were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticandidal activities by broth microdilution. The flower essential oil was found to be relatively more active than the leaf oil towards the tested pathogenic microorganisms. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to the flower oil (MIC= 31.2 μg/mL). The oils, evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity using a TLC-DPPH assay, were inactive at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.
Oxidative stress is one of the significant precursors of various metabolic diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Various scientific reports have ...indicated that secondary plant metabolites play an important role in preventing oxidative stress and its harmful effects. In this respect, this study was planned to investigate the phenolic profile and antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of the aqueous extracts from Turkish Cistus species by employing in vitro methods. In vitro digestion simulation procedure was applied to all extracts to estimate the bioavailability of their phenolic contents. Total phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid and proanthocyanidin contents were determined for all phases of digestion. In addition, changes in the quantity of the assigned marker flavonoids (tiliroside, hyperoside and quercitrin) were monitored by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. The antioxidant activity potentials of the extracts were studied by various methods to reveal their detailed activity profiles. On the other hand, in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and advanced-glycation end product (AGE) inhibitory activities of the extracts were determined to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials of extracts. The results showed that aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Turkish Cistus species have rich phenolic contents and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic activities; however, their bioactivity profiles and marker flavonoid concentrations might significantly be affected by human digestion. The results exhibited that total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities and diabetes-related enzyme inhibitions of the bioavailable samples were lower than non-digested samples in all extracts.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A series of 5-aryl-3-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles (
1a–
5b) and corresponding sulfones (
6–
15) were prepared. The compounds were evaluated for their antiinflammatory and analgesic activity as well as ...the ulcerogenic risk and acute toxicity.
In this study, a series of 5-aryl-3-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles and corresponding sulfones were prepared with the objective of developing better analgesic–antiinflammatory compounds with minimum ulcerogenic risk. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectral and elemental analysis. The compounds were assayed per os in mice for their antiinflammatory and analgesic activity as well as the ulcerogenic risk and acute toxicity. Several of these compounds showed significant activity. Alkylsulfone derivatives were found to be much more potent analgesic–antiinflammatory agents than the corresponding alkylthio analogs. Compounds
9 and
11 were the most active of the series in both analgesic and antiinflammatory activity tests. In contrast to reference compound acetyl salicylic acid, these compounds did not induce gastric lesions in the stomach of experimental animals at the doses that exhibited analgesic/antiinflammatory activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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