The incidence of osteosarcoma (OS) is increasing year by year, and the prognosis of patients with advanced OS is extremely poor due to the tendency of recurrence and chemotherapy resistance after ...surgery. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD) that kills cells through iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Current studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to OS and could reduce chemotherapy resistance to a certain extent, which has great therapeutic potential. In this paper, we review the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its research progress in OS, hoping to provide new help for the clinical treatment of OS.
Abstract
The century-long development of surface sciences has witnessed the discoveries of a variety of quantum states. In the recently proposed “obstructed atomic insulators”, symmetric charges are ...pinned at virtual sites where no real atoms reside. The cleavage through these sites could lead to a set of obstructed surface states with partial electronic occupation. Here, utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we observe spectroscopic signature of obstructed surface states in SrIn
2
P
2
. We find that a pair of surface states that are originated from the pristine obstructed surface states split in energy by a unique surface reconstruction. The upper branch is marked with a striking differential conductance peak followed by negative differential conductance, signaling its localized nature, while the lower branch is found to be highly dispersive. This pair of surface states is in consistency with our calculational results. Our finding not only demonstrates a surface quantum state induced by a new type of bulk-boundary correspondence, but also provides a platform for exploring efficient catalysts and related surface engineering.
Ticks are the most common arthropod vector, after mosquitoes, and are capable of transmitting the greatest variety of pathogens. For both humans and animals, the worldwide emergence or re-emergence ...of tick-borne disease is becoming increasingly problematic. Despite being such an important issue, our knowledge of pathogen transmission by ticks is incomplete. Several recent studies, reviewed here, have reported that the expression of some tick factors can be modulated in response to pathogen infection, and that some of these factors can impact on the pathogenic life cycle. Delineating the specific tick factors required for tick-borne pathogen transmission should lead to new strategies in the disruption of pathogen life cycles to combat emerging tick-borne disease.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inflammation-induced dysfunction of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is involved in schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis, and soluble egg antigen (SEA) is a crucial pathogen-associated molecular ...pattern associated with liver injury in schistosomiasis. In addition, numerous studies have shown that caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis participates in the development of multiple inflammation-related diseases. However, whether pyroptotic cell death of HSCs is involved in SEA-mediated liver damage is not well understood.
Primary cultured HSCs and Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse liver tissue were analysed for histological changes and caspase-1 activation, and the role of pyroptosis in the mechanisms underlying SEA-induced HSC death was investigated. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected livers and SEA-stimulated HSCs was measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.
Caspase-1 activity was elevated in both liver tissues and HSCs of S. japonicum-infected mice. Furthermore, SEA stimulation increased the proportion of pyroptotic HSCs, as shown by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays and by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide (PI) and caspase-1 double staining in cells. In addition, ROS generation was elevated in infected liver tissues and SEA-stimulated HSCs, and ROS inhibition downregulated SEA-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis in HSCs.
Our present study demonstrates that pyroptotic cell death in HSCs induced by SEA via ROS-mediated caspase-1 activation may serve as a significant mechanism to initiate the inflammatory response and thereby exacerbate liver injury during S. japonicum infection.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The azo linkage is a prominent chemical motif which has found numerous applications in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Described herein is a sustainable ...heterogeneous‐gold‐catalyzed synthesis of azo arenes. Available nitroarenes are deoxygenated and linked selectively by the formation of NN bonds using molecular H2 without any external additives. As a result of a unique and remarkable synergy between the metal and support, a facile surface‐mediated condensation of nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates is enabled, and the desired transformation proceeds in a highly selective manner under mild reaction conditions. The protocol tolerates a large variety of functional groups and offers a general and versatile method for the environmentally friendly synthesis of symmetric or asymmetric aromatic azo compounds.
Game of rates: A general approach for the chemoselective hydrogenative coupling of nitroarenes to give the corresponding azo compounds, using a heterogeneous gold catalyst, has been developed. As a result of the remarkable synergy between the metal and support, a facile condensation of transient nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates proceeds. The desired transformation is highly selective under mild reaction conditions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, 1-(2-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1,2,4 triazolo4,3-aquinazolin-5(4H)-one was synthesized via a five-step reaction and its single-crystal was obtained via solution ...crystallization, which was followed by crystallographic analysis. The molecular structure was calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and conformational analysis showed that the optimized molecular structure from DFT was comparable with that elucidated using X-ray diffraction. At the same time, the physicochemical properties of the compound could be understood by analyzing its frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potentials.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
In the case of dielectric energy storage devices, excessive pursuit of giant electric fields means greater exposure to high temperatures and insulation damage risk. Ferroelectric thin film devices ...offer opportunities for energy storage needs under finite electric fields due to their intrinsically large polarization and the advantage of small size. Herein, we designed the capacitor's dielectric layer by doping barium titanate Ba (1-x) Ce x TiO 3 (BCTO). The addition of highly charged ions Ce 3+ induce cell shrinkage thus further optimizing the ferroelectric polarization. Accordingly, the capacitor with Au/BCTO/Au structure integrated directly on silicon substrate showed excellent energy storage performance ( W rec ≈ 92.6 J/cm 3 and η ≈ 86.5%) under only 1961 kV/cm. In addition, we significantly increased the electrical breakdown strength from 1726 kV/cm to 3426 kV/cm by adjusting the Ba 0.95 Ce 0.05 TiO 3 film thickness, thus achieving ultra-high energy storage density (107.9 J/cm 3 ). The results expand the application prospects of silicon-based ferroelectric capacitors for energy storage at low electric field strength.
Clonorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, is a chronic parasitic infection regulated by T cell subsets. An imbalance of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) and interleukin ...(IL)-17-secreting T cells (Th17) may control inflammation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of immune evasion. In the present study, we assessed the dynamics of Treg/Th17 and determined whether the Treg/Th17 ratio is altered in C. sinensis-infected mice. The results showed that the percentages of splenic Treg cells in CD4+ T cells were suppressed on day 14 post-infection (PI) but increased on day 56 PI, while Th17 cells were increased on day 56 PI compared with normal control (NC) mice. The Treg/Th17 ratio steadily increased from day 28 to day 56 PI. The hepatic levels of their specific transcription factors (Foxp3 for Treg and RORγt for Th17) were increased in C. sinensis-infected mice from day 14 to 56 PI, and significantly higher than those in NC mice. Meanwhile, serum levels of IL-2 and IL-17 were profoundly increased in C. sinensis-infected mice throughout the experiment; while the concentrations of IL-6 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) peaked on day 14 PI, but then decreased on day 28 and 56 PI. Our results provide the first evidence of an increased Treg/Th17 ratio in C. sinensis-infected mice, suggesting that a Treg/Th17 imbalance may play a role in disease outcomes of clonorchiasis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Remote sensing end-products related to vegetation have potential applications in monitoring the health of crops. The sensitivity of a spectral index to crop stress determines its application ...prospect. Our aim in this study was to explore the sensitivity of a ratio vegetation index (RVI) to identify the damage caused by brown planthoppers (BPHs) on rice plants, and to evaluate the potential application of hyperspectral end-products to monitor population size of BPH. Different numbers of the second-instar nymphs were released onto potted rice at the tillering stage. The plants were exposed to BPH for two, four, six, and eight days, and reflectance from the damaged rice was measured using a hyperspectral spectroradiometer. Measurements were done again two, four, and six days after exposure (recover days), and then the spectral index RVI
/
was compared among rice plants infested with different numbers of BPH. The relationships between RVI
, the number of BPH and exposure day were simulated by linear and curve models. BPH damage resulted in a decreased spectral index RVI
/
of rice plants. RVI
well indicated the damage of rice plants caused by six⁻eight BPH nymphs per plant in six⁻eight days, but the index could not identify the damage of these nymphs in two days. The RVI
showed a two⁻four-day delay to indicate a slight BPH damage. The spectral index RVI
/
could indicate the physiologic compensation of plants for the feeding of BPH and the post-effect of BPH damage on rice. The RVI
/
of rice showed a quadratic curve relation with the number of BPH nymphs and a quadratic or linear relation with the exposure day. The recover day had no significant effects on RVI
. The RVI
/
(Y) could be simulated by a quadratic surface model based on the number of BPH (N) and exposure day (T): Y = 3.09427 + 0.59111T + 0.44296N - 0.03683T² - 0.03035N² - 0.08188NT (R² = 0.5228,
< 0.01). In summary, the spectral index RVI
/
of rice is sensitive to damage caused by BPH.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics, precipitating factors, treatment, and outcome of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) complicating systemic ...lupus erythematosus (SLE). A multicenter case-control study was performed across six tertiary hospitals from 1997 to 2014. A total of 32 patients with SLE-associated MAS were enrolled. Sixty-four age- and sex-matched SLE patients diagnosed in the same period without MAS episodes were selected as controls. The most frequent clinical feature was fever, followed by splenomegaly. Hyperferritinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyper-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-nemia were among the most common laboratory abnormalities. Compared with pre-MAS visit, patients at the onset of MAS had greater frequencies of renal involvement, liver dysfunction, and cytopenia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified optimal cutoff values of ferritin (>662.5 ng/mL) and LDH (>359 U/mL) to predict the occurrence of MAS in SLE. SLE flare and infection were the common triggers of MAS in SLE. Abortion and parturition were recorded as well. The overall mortality rate was 12.5%. All patients received corticosteroids. Cyclosporine A, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide were the three most commonly used immunosuppressants. Rituximab was given to one patient. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was added for 46.9% patients. MAS is a potentially fatal complication of SLE. Its occurrence is most frequently associated with active SLE disease or infection. The presentation of unexplained fever, cytopenia, or liver dysfunction, with high levels of ferritin and LDH, in patients with SLE should raise the suspicion of MAS. Corticosteroids with immunosuppressants and IVIG may be an appropriate treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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